tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-68692659909063777402024-03-06T21:01:12.835+01:00*The Saami - Samisk - Sámi*SaamiblogSaamibloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03176222359685589743noreply@blogger.comBlogger45125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-77971040341100998332012-01-01T18:24:00.007+01:002012-01-03T22:58:05.325+01:00Old and New Photographs of Sami - Gamle og nye fotografier av samer<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCnS8VqTv64_HuxznWPSjbqM4jh3xs4se5gBAUN79wFdXTc8oswFPykoqnytT9tR9S-r8y0PaezKOvl5i4YNRL8q4q8lxOAXZtg72JbhIvnXB8V8_tWE3gH3OpZPWRQqlcltcwbMtAYpAk/s1600/6385592075_245b1e6bf5_b.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 275px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCnS8VqTv64_HuxznWPSjbqM4jh3xs4se5gBAUN79wFdXTc8oswFPykoqnytT9tR9S-r8y0PaezKOvl5i4YNRL8q4q8lxOAXZtg72JbhIvnXB8V8_tWE3gH3OpZPWRQqlcltcwbMtAYpAk/s400/6385592075_245b1e6bf5_b.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692733494588032466" /></a></center> <small>Sami girl from Karasjok, Norway. Samisk jente fra Karasjok. Foto brukt med tillatelse av fotografen. Flickr foto © by Michelle Schantz, 2011. <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/michelleschantz/" target="_blank"">Flickr photos by M. Schantz</a>. </small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAPb0oE8zpCv6ycuZR_7z9nFKJNIcBcP4eD6eIbzT8gx3QzVuHOUsFkrLqt79iUsxauEUrblNb1Y2DBqGxZLpp8KGTfvTRJqyzJ1YL-cJPjozS8jCV8Hqhtfxk5tFNLxVHlbBpMhJuaqRD/s1600/42-03204.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 308px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAPb0oE8zpCv6ycuZR_7z9nFKJNIcBcP4eD6eIbzT8gx3QzVuHOUsFkrLqt79iUsxauEUrblNb1Y2DBqGxZLpp8KGTfvTRJqyzJ1YL-cJPjozS8jCV8Hqhtfxk5tFNLxVHlbBpMhJuaqRD/s400/42-03204.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692720109026784434" /></a></center> <small> Sami people in Kautokeino, Norway. Samiske folk i Kautokeino fra perioden 1920-1930. Foto © Nord Troms Museum, Norge.</small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLKK-vm-okzBdN2JcKXC3Do7FZUvKaDOdaQ0MmJP0C2XdYSSr3RJucT9_JX7K7KvRHwYxdBMI0gEPL-5A5vsZCjO6Vs0yjjbB6vJtPOQi4edZq9mSkVO27Jkwzm2Y3ivzriVl3T6LZXxJZ/s1600/42-03249.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 298px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLKK-vm-okzBdN2JcKXC3Do7FZUvKaDOdaQ0MmJP0C2XdYSSr3RJucT9_JX7K7KvRHwYxdBMI0gEPL-5A5vsZCjO6Vs0yjjbB6vJtPOQi4edZq9mSkVO27Jkwzm2Y3ivzriVl3T6LZXxJZ/s400/42-03249.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692715944771494050" /></a></center><small> Sami men and women in Kautokeino, Norway in 1925. Samiske menn og kvinner i Kautokeino. Inger Marie Mathisdatter Hetta som nr. 2. Foto fra 1925. Foto © Nord Troms Museum, Norge. </small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi09yHPUArX1cmcUfntsknDbMHguXwn14h4md8HJ0iA_T8eyU21iO_nqD509ezou03IhbK2hWVcQ2gR26MGRTTl7BBWw1LTNqr1gIUqZo7cuoPKAuwqc9Am3hRPxmPgY3R8eHa4RIaPbyEt/s1600/En+Brudgom+fra+Karasjok+i+Nordland%252C+Troms%25C3%25B8+Stift.Photographer+Selmer+Marcus%252C+1857-1870.+NMFF.001370-12.+Flickr+Photo+by+Preus+Museum%252C+2004..jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 216px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi09yHPUArX1cmcUfntsknDbMHguXwn14h4md8HJ0iA_T8eyU21iO_nqD509ezou03IhbK2hWVcQ2gR26MGRTTl7BBWw1LTNqr1gIUqZo7cuoPKAuwqc9Am3hRPxmPgY3R8eHa4RIaPbyEt/s400/En+Brudgom+fra+Karasjok+i+Nordland%252C+Troms%25C3%25B8+Stift.Photographer+Selmer+Marcus%252C+1857-1870.+NMFF.001370-12.+Flickr+Photo+by+Preus+Museum%252C+2004..jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692721585674966082" /></a></center><small> Sami groom from Karasjok, Norway. The winter fur coat is called "Pesk". Samisk brudgom i hvit pesk fra Karasjok i perioden 1857-1870. Foto av Selmer Marcus. Karasjok var da tilhørende Nordland, Tromsø stift. NMFF.001370-12. Foto av Preus Museum.</small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhea3i-UoSgGoxSeM5szvi-ApYpzTAMJS2mRNpwl9V_0hUiKDTC-1eN9qM27Wrv6kmxLrjNMCqJfGzg0W7hEhhnCLlqBLouECipQUlb-zspNxpbbBW3lNKckfEjbDJdiH4eGJefdeYWTi-H/s1600/42-03203.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 324px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhea3i-UoSgGoxSeM5szvi-ApYpzTAMJS2mRNpwl9V_0hUiKDTC-1eN9qM27Wrv6kmxLrjNMCqJfGzg0W7hEhhnCLlqBLouECipQUlb-zspNxpbbBW3lNKckfEjbDJdiH4eGJefdeYWTi-H/s400/42-03203.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692724490908517346" /></a></center><small> Sami people from Kautokeino, Norway. Samiske folk fra Kautokeino i 1925. Inger Maria Eira nr. 1. Foto © Nord Troms Museum, Norge.</small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP3PgXqB-FIxFaxQ4S3xKHlutY7TFPkhzwDPVOKAcJXFMuBz5UfluAgeXyFo53weymrtx4DLUOH59DMcA3VMaU5_7q1T2M1iZp6LhyV1ndhpKy_YMP_NRTyIXaGxEgI9s6XtP0sxacqDXo/s1600/Photographer+Selmer%252C+Marcus%252C+Vads%25C3%25B8+1857-1870.++NMFF.001370-11.+Flickr+Photo+by+Preus+Museum%252C+2004.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 307px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP3PgXqB-FIxFaxQ4S3xKHlutY7TFPkhzwDPVOKAcJXFMuBz5UfluAgeXyFo53weymrtx4DLUOH59DMcA3VMaU5_7q1T2M1iZp6LhyV1ndhpKy_YMP_NRTyIXaGxEgI9s6XtP0sxacqDXo/s400/Photographer+Selmer%252C+Marcus%252C+Vads%25C3%25B8+1857-1870.++NMFF.001370-11.+Flickr+Photo+by+Preus+Museum%252C+2004.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692726059700171602" /></a></center> <small> A Sami boy with in a pesk is holding a bow, he is from Vadsø in Finnmark, Norway. En samisk gutt i pesk som holder på en bue, han er fra Vadsø i Finnmark. Foto av Selmer Markus i perioden 1857 - 1870. Eier er Preus Museum, NMFF.001370-11</small>.<br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyTTroc9OdM-QlTF5H1i5fo9ID4EJ4zHMwYLKK_UvBPVhbQjnG-isQtfo686pWMmNXLG5vps88JtuV3_4HnXcNlArTI5-lNj44k_dteGKxI-vRZrifuGKnNkTJSn4P6xn9X9F2QVLzpmYD/s1600/42-03160.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 298px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyTTroc9OdM-QlTF5H1i5fo9ID4EJ4zHMwYLKK_UvBPVhbQjnG-isQtfo686pWMmNXLG5vps88JtuV3_4HnXcNlArTI5-lNj44k_dteGKxI-vRZrifuGKnNkTJSn4P6xn9X9F2QVLzpmYD/s400/42-03160.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692727143754504946" /></a></center> <small> Sami people in Havnnes, Nordreisa, Troms County in Norway. Samer i Havnnes, Nordreisa i Troms. Avbildet er Anne Hotti, Per Henriksen Palopaa, Nils Aslaksen Siri, og Per Aslaksen Siri. Foto fra 1942. Foto © Nord Troms Museum, Norge.</small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9EYVIVoyJkiPAlSjrooPrgg3sHDWMedH0tgl1KC5OHTDsQWW2ngGhl5FSz5_sxfVgDEp4HlQ9H3GcoL24okfGl5mpaIewEKKWyIYqKisV_CAWtyEhQ7lSvMNaMSHhGzz8jqkrjSyHHOpe/s1600/Samisk+%25C3%25B8resk%25C3%25A5l+i+s%25C3%25B8lv%252C+produsert+i+Lule%25C3%25A5%252C+Sverige+og+brukt+i+M%25C3%25B8re+og+Romsdal.+Norsk+Folkemuseum%252C+NF.1910-0498+%25282%2529.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 242px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9EYVIVoyJkiPAlSjrooPrgg3sHDWMedH0tgl1KC5OHTDsQWW2ngGhl5FSz5_sxfVgDEp4HlQ9H3GcoL24okfGl5mpaIewEKKWyIYqKisV_CAWtyEhQ7lSvMNaMSHhGzz8jqkrjSyHHOpe/s400/Samisk+%25C3%25B8resk%25C3%25A5l+i+s%25C3%25B8lv%252C+produsert+i+Lule%25C3%25A5%252C+Sverige+og+brukt+i+M%25C3%25B8re+og+Romsdal.+Norsk+Folkemuseum%252C+NF.1910-0498+%25282%2529.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692745112015690450" /></a></center> <small>Samisk øreskål i sølv, produsert i Luleå, Sverige og brukt i Møre og Romsdal. Photo shared by John Birger Østby, 2011. Eier: Norsk Folkemuseum. NF.1910-0498</small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxpQOHXiGegeS8PB_z0xWDy_JUnQhANqe-bj4LBonk6xSbaOG0A-QLX9mDqwpvCxNWAcejjhGleem0fPyWtvwWZei6QC_N1MDuRHn7gbPqbAzccnwRSD4BtJSHYr1KbLSAqiBJlhPeemIw/s1600/6384981489_3c60cd8070_b.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 267px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxpQOHXiGegeS8PB_z0xWDy_JUnQhANqe-bj4LBonk6xSbaOG0A-QLX9mDqwpvCxNWAcejjhGleem0fPyWtvwWZei6QC_N1MDuRHn7gbPqbAzccnwRSD4BtJSHYr1KbLSAqiBJlhPeemIw/s400/6384981489_3c60cd8070_b.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692729500079420722" /></a></center> <small>Blue light near Karasjok in Finnmark County in Norway. Blått lys nært Karasjok i Finnmark. Flickr foto © by Michelle Schantz, 2011. <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/michelleschantz/" target="_blank"">Flickr photos by M. Schantz</a>. </small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0TrI27hPQW2jw6QTk-PaProlRNfMJoj0md1dzSpZ9OrY_TtDsdmO5WaRaJtOhw_wlzzH3dDGr8kWw5fSUfovk6meU-YMqcmIwR23Hh2T5lsL-qx5BYC2YO7Ngr-iqEOAdCDT-MF7p7WDW/s1600/6391151955_9c5e3f4e3a_b.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 267px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0TrI27hPQW2jw6QTk-PaProlRNfMJoj0md1dzSpZ9OrY_TtDsdmO5WaRaJtOhw_wlzzH3dDGr8kWw5fSUfovk6meU-YMqcmIwR23Hh2T5lsL-qx5BYC2YO7Ngr-iqEOAdCDT-MF7p7WDW/s400/6391151955_9c5e3f4e3a_b.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692735575956675858" /></a></center> <small> A traditional Sami belt from Karasjok, Norway. Et tradisjonelt samisk belte fra Karasjok. Foto brukt med tillatelse av fotografen. Flickr foto © by Michelle Schantz, 2011. <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/michelleschantz/" target="_blank"">Flickr photos by M. Schantz</a>.</small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqiGWJkj9dwcf4JTaTYaIkbO1EEniY1fQ2Rdwy42HieKXbew9fmdZ5h2m5lyNIU7OXD7yZIDaMFBK52zXAzaPnRq-gv6nYkg2Jyl1OJMO1-Znv5Qh8LzujjMhOErSi6PSPmUuhznOTrQGQ/s1600/Kelotupa+in+Lappi%252C+Finland.+Flickr+Photo+by+alcarilinqu%25C3%25AB%252C+Ryan+Txanson%252C+2005..jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqiGWJkj9dwcf4JTaTYaIkbO1EEniY1fQ2Rdwy42HieKXbew9fmdZ5h2m5lyNIU7OXD7yZIDaMFBK52zXAzaPnRq-gv6nYkg2Jyl1OJMO1-Znv5Qh8LzujjMhOErSi6PSPmUuhznOTrQGQ/s400/Kelotupa+in+Lappi%252C+Finland.+Flickr+Photo+by+alcarilinqu%25C3%25AB%252C+Ryan+Txanson%252C+2005..jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692732667493083186" /></a></center><small>Kelotupa in Lappi, Finland. Flickr Photo © by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/alcarilinque/77959755/" target="_blank"">alcarilinquë</a>, Ryan Txanson, 2005.</small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8j1Mzw4pCAr09OnDNm_FVbTvEebvDeP8lC63Hd-s9HyKDW4lynm1xoQPDURHcm39ccy_i1wIFU8zQ0R2bptdqtdrBL8ApumLZNYysBFc9OINSugM5J4bKRNu9WWedmQ8bKKhQTx9XdeLD/s1600/6385149007_f6ce5bc673_b.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 267px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8j1Mzw4pCAr09OnDNm_FVbTvEebvDeP8lC63Hd-s9HyKDW4lynm1xoQPDURHcm39ccy_i1wIFU8zQ0R2bptdqtdrBL8ApumLZNYysBFc9OINSugM5J4bKRNu9WWedmQ8bKKhQTx9XdeLD/s400/6385149007_f6ce5bc673_b.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692734627600144690" /></a> </center> <small> Reindeer herd near Karasjok, Norway. En reinsdyrflokk nær Karasjok. Foto brukt med tillatelse av fotografen. Flickr foto © by Michelle Schantz, 2011. <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/michelleschantz/" target="_blank"">Flickr photos by M. Schantz</a>. </small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5m0XrpGhqJq1hpC9dwvyR1B1E741JtJJBkwE_YrI7U32a-mAo_46pJDT-H1wJm68TPUsVpe2vJmqJ2nnr6t0dLHEc9FMVIr_XIKRTEU5AxJEY-xw3bb0QpaoIAJ1evYlswaLTF7NPXEIf/s1600/42-03136.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 271px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5m0XrpGhqJq1hpC9dwvyR1B1E741JtJJBkwE_YrI7U32a-mAo_46pJDT-H1wJm68TPUsVpe2vJmqJ2nnr6t0dLHEc9FMVIr_XIKRTEU5AxJEY-xw3bb0QpaoIAJ1evYlswaLTF7NPXEIf/s400/42-03136.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692736448146737330" /></a></center><small> Sami people on a boat in Hamnnes, Nordreisa, Skjervøy in Troms County, Norway. Samiske folk på dekk av en båt i Hamnnes, Nordreisa, Skjervøy i Troms fylke. Foto fra 1935. En av personene er Mikkel Nilsen Sara. Foto © Nord Troms Museum, Norge.</small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJv6asdMgXhlsgR7qzdpALVcPlE1iXUiJIMTLBWkAht1xPCYQKW559yjc9LvqQlLYvZ8v2k9FO8jm7BuSXfZ8In1N6NfIIJPf8EUa4HjYmvTst41Dk0V_Ef7KnFzkq7FuuN1-A9se0Ixim/s1600/42-03257.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJv6asdMgXhlsgR7qzdpALVcPlE1iXUiJIMTLBWkAht1xPCYQKW559yjc9LvqQlLYvZ8v2k9FO8jm7BuSXfZ8In1N6NfIIJPf8EUa4HjYmvTst41Dk0V_Ef7KnFzkq7FuuN1-A9se0Ixim/s400/42-03257.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692737677135831410" /></a> </center><small> Sami couple in Hamnnes, Nordreisa, Skjervøy in Troms County, Norway. Samiske folk i Hamnnes, Nordreisa, Skjervøy i Troms fylke. Foto fra perioden 1935 - 1940. En av personene er Anne Hotti. Foto © Nord Troms Museum, Norge.</small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Atwzy67cHWTHKYV6CEJT3NCv-bPjmL3l7lyKqiUdG0MjU8uOUcfuC1wtQkgEqCwQhC6smKWAvOadQVJ5phb1c9gs-lxnrOcrVD3yoeF6rePlIZ_Sx-BJpqrgfBB4C4aLXxX6qMvA7TRz/s1600/Sami+G%25C3%25A1kti+possible+from+Lyngen+in+Norway.+17+mai+2011.+Flickr+Photo+by+alcarilinqu%25C3%25AB%252C+Ryan+Txanson%252C+2011.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Atwzy67cHWTHKYV6CEJT3NCv-bPjmL3l7lyKqiUdG0MjU8uOUcfuC1wtQkgEqCwQhC6smKWAvOadQVJ5phb1c9gs-lxnrOcrVD3yoeF6rePlIZ_Sx-BJpqrgfBB4C4aLXxX6qMvA7TRz/s400/Sami+G%25C3%25A1kti+possible+from+Lyngen+in+Norway.+17+mai+2011.+Flickr+Photo+by+alcarilinqu%25C3%25AB%252C+Ryan+Txanson%252C+2011.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692738509831157106" /></a></center><small>Sami Gákti possible from Lyngen in Norway. Samekofte som sannsynligvis er fra Lyngen. 17 mai 2011. Flickr Photo by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/alcarilinque/4802017061/in/faves-28772513@N07/" target="_blank"">alcarilinquë</a>, Ryan Txanson, 2011. </small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV3ZoAvuQgamG2Xd05qINeSzQSFzN3fNMumdkTaZaaXxq2_7DbgVtqGzPYHqeVTrnDKEJhssDwYnu_zpCzx2vGblQDojJMzVh7gpBI3nRWsq-kL8hVBgSRm_JsVgQi2PEjIB4mk5tMZ5l9/s1600/En+fin+i+vinterdragt+fra+Salten+i+Nordland%252C+Troms%25C3%25B8+Stift.+photographer+Selmer+Marcus.+NMFF.001657+Flickr+Photo+by+Preus+Museum%252C+2011..jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 280px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV3ZoAvuQgamG2Xd05qINeSzQSFzN3fNMumdkTaZaaXxq2_7DbgVtqGzPYHqeVTrnDKEJhssDwYnu_zpCzx2vGblQDojJMzVh7gpBI3nRWsq-kL8hVBgSRm_JsVgQi2PEjIB4mk5tMZ5l9/s400/En+fin+i+vinterdragt+fra+Salten+i+Nordland%252C+Troms%25C3%25B8+Stift.+photographer+Selmer+Marcus.+NMFF.001657+Flickr+Photo+by+Preus+Museum%252C+2011..jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692741782701254706" /></a></center><small>Sami man in a winter coat of fur (pesk) from Salten in Nordland County, Norway. En samisk mann i pesk fra Salten i Nordland. Foto av Marcus Selmer, 1857-1870. Eier av foto er Preus Museum, NMFF.001657.</small><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG7DexloHQ-Uy0-IQjNp3Qh2z3aHLRu4A8GytT3TyKl9xCRGVhweyC9J7CqbQwJmoEMTtVIca3Hdg674bkqa9jnGDktDPMR12CUS97kxRM42Jn9lUgdG7Dig56AK4ho0Q-gtrTPPxKEd_Z/s1600/42-03259.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 292px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG7DexloHQ-Uy0-IQjNp3Qh2z3aHLRu4A8GytT3TyKl9xCRGVhweyC9J7CqbQwJmoEMTtVIca3Hdg674bkqa9jnGDktDPMR12CUS97kxRM42Jn9lUgdG7Dig56AK4ho0Q-gtrTPPxKEd_Z/s400/42-03259.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5692743209774328562" /></a></center><small> Sami people and dogs in Hamnnes, Nordreisa, Skjervøy in Troms County, Norway. Samiske folk og hunder i Hamnnes, Nordreisa, Skjervøy i Troms fylke. Foto fra perioden 1935. Personene er Anne Hotti, Nils Aslaksen Siri og Simon Aslak Nilsen Vars. Foto © Nord Troms Museum, Norge.</small>Saamibloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03176222359685589743noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-78973453800767243172011-12-01T22:45:00.080+01:002013-07-06T07:09:36.045+02:00Sami Vertical Looms and Weaving. Photos & Old Text - Samiske vevstoler og veving. Foto & gammel tekst<center>
<a href="http://primusweb.no/things/vev/MH/SS-48146?pos=7" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681336042398616978" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNCzh09XFtDTOJ2jNXpEDQWjHtN7F3FunTKnyejqU0vX2BkLwC4dXsmwGXWdc10EvZeeG19IHrrEY0nQD7gLG5-yTE0CCIzeA7U4I9osdWFxQrvAqgC8AANj7QzbLdJPOM3hNa8xYjGHLN/s400/SS-48146.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 400px; width: 329px;" /></a><br />
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<small><span class="Apple-style-span"><a href="http://primusweb.no/things/vev/MH/SS-48146?pos=7" target="_blank"">Oppstadvev med åkle fra </a><a href="http://www.maihaugen.no/" target="_blank"">Maihaugen</a> Museum. Oppstadveven er trolig fra perioden 1750-1850. Opprinnelsen til den er en samisk Uppstadgogn, skriver museet. English: This vertical loom with tapestry is likely from the period 1750-1850. It originates from the Sami Vertical loom (warp-weighted loom). Foto er brukt med tillatelse fra Ine Eriksen. </span></small><br />
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Samene bruker tradisjonelt vevde tekstiler til for eksempel teltduk, tepper, seil til båter, til klær og på komsene som babyer bæres i. The Sami traditionally use woven textiles for tent canvas, carpets, sails for boats, for clothing and on cradleboards (komse) for carrying babies. Les mer og se flere bilder som angår samisk veving i det lenkede blogginnlegget: <a href="http://saamiblog.blogspot.com/2009/11/old-photos-weaving-and-jara-gamle-foto.html" target="_blank"">Read more and see photos in this blog post</a><br />
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I boken <a href="http://books.google.no/books/about/Lapska_offerplatsfynd_fr%C3%A5n_j%C3%A4rn%C3%A5lder.html?id=vSUvAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y">Lapska offerplatsfynd från järnålder och medeltid i de svenska lappmarkerna</a> av Inga Sering (1956) rapporteres det om rester av finere og tykkere ull tråd og tekstil i for eksempel Rautasjaure i Sverige. Det vevde ullstoffet som er rapportert er vevd i firskaft (firskafts vevnad). <br />
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<b><a href="http://opes.uio.no/minuskel/viewRecord.php?recid=88" target="_blank"">Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper</a> av Knud Leem, 1767</b>. Det Kongelige Wæysenhuses Bogtrykkerie, Kiøbenhavn. Les mer om Knud Leem: <a href="http://snl.no/Knud_Leem" target="_blank"">Om Knud Leem fra SNL</a><br />
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<largest><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Tradisjonell Samisk oppstadvev eller oppstå vev (sv. Varptyngd väv)</span></b></largest><br />
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<largest><b><span class="Apple-style-span">(Sámigiella: Rátnostuolet)</span></b></largest><br />
I denne beskrivelsen er teksten til Knud Leem oversatt fra gammeldansk til norsk. Jeg har endret på noen formuleringer for at teksten skal være lesbar, men noe av den gamle stilen er beholdt. Det er mulig å lese originalteksten på side 372 i den lenkede boken over.<br />
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Kvinnenes arbeider: De vevde ulltepper som brukes av sjø – og fjell lapper til å sove under, og de tepper som er halvveis slitt festes av fjell-lappene til stenger og brukes som teltduk. De fleste slike tepper lages av tynne ulltråder, og fargen er hvit med en bred sort eller en bred grå rand i kantene, av og til bredstripede med hvite og sorte, eller hvite og grå brede striper. Noen blir forarbeidet av finere tråder med striper i mange farger slik som helt gule og røde.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiZpopFxcCzeA9WeRg3qWNJq08hHRivdEzaaJe-q3TjNoFFroHJhCwsg7GJWyYrtmQhtys9ko9GuGqyR2OrLt5BrUGtN-5cJqvmwhitxs_TTXVg4DIhY2_vFvlyIPfgaqqWCTeHn-HCZBK/s1600/V%25C3%25A4v%252C_Rana.+Sweden.+Photographed+by+Damast%252C+2006.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681307733890913522" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiZpopFxcCzeA9WeRg3qWNJq08hHRivdEzaaJe-q3TjNoFFroHJhCwsg7GJWyYrtmQhtys9ko9GuGqyR2OrLt5BrUGtN-5cJqvmwhitxs_TTXVg4DIhY2_vFvlyIPfgaqqWCTeHn-HCZBK/s320/V%25C3%25A4v%252C_Rana.+Sweden.+Photographed+by+Damast%252C+2006.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 238px; width: 132px;" /></a></center>
<small><small>Foto av en svensk <a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana" target="_blank"">Rana</a>, på svensk er en smal Rana kalt <a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vepa" target="_blank"">Vepa</a>. På samisk kalles dette vevde teppet for <a href="http://lokalhistoriewiki.no/index.php/Grene" target="_blank"">Rátnu eller Rádno</a>. På norsk kalles dette vevde teppet for <a href="http://www.manndalen-husflidslag.no/grene.31485.no.html" target="_blank"">Grene</a> eller <a href="http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85kle" target="_blank"">Åkle</a>. Photo of a Swedish textile called Rana or Ratnu. A narrow sized Rana is called Vepa in Swedish language. In Sami language this woven textile is called Rátnu or Rádno. In norwegian language it is called Grene or Åkle. Read more about the word used in different languages / Les mer om ordet slik det er brukt i ulike språk: <a href="http://kaino.kotus.fi/algu/index.php?t=sanue&lekseemi_id=6120&hakusana=r%C3%A1dno&sanue_id=2012" target="_blank"">Rádno, Ratnō, Rana</a></small></small><br />
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Veven består av to høye og tykke stolper og på den øverste enden er det en løs vevbom som rekker fra den ene stolpen til den andre. Rennegarnet festes på den øverste delen av den nettopp omtalte vevbommen. En del av rennegarnet lar man ligge i en strekning fra bommen ned mot bakken. Deretter brukes hånden og ikke en skyttel til å flette og feste vevnaden. Istedenfor å anvende vevskje så trykkes trådene sammen med en oppad og en nedvendt flat-hånd.<br />
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<b>Greneveving - Rátnogođđin del 4.flv</b><br />
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Man lar det bli åpning mellom rennetrådene slik at det er plass til hånden, den andre del av rennegarnet faller i en skrå linje ned fra vev-bommen og over en stang (stangen ligger med lengden på tvers over de to forannevnte stolper med to utstående korte ender). I nederste ende av rennegarnet festes det steiner for å unngå at rennegarnet henger slapt, med steinenes tyngde holdes garnet stramt og utstrakt.<br />
Islett-trådene innsettes på den nevnte måte og veves inn med hånden, aller først øverst og nært den nevnte vev-bommen. Det vil si at man begynner ovenfra med vevingen av teppet. Etter hvert som vevnaden produseres og omdreies på vevbommen til Lappenes vevstol så blir bommen etterhvert omgitt av ullteppet. På endene av teppet så knyttes det kanter med en blanding av fåre – og hareull. Alt dette er arbeidet til kvinner.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681306200521405346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-3PUJtZ-vwZZ357QDgy4VjmhrzlFL9ay4hIwdN62NoNwgJ9t1huRSDco9swki7tamiweuEgxO4xGJq_vf_vAMCGlp1NHAmK-_U8emqIYdKcNNBAjXCmp7a54nOSYD_T49crz8_Q7WO7Mo/s400/leem+grene+gi+beskrivelse+fra+boken+ogs%25C3%25A5+om+sauskinn+feller+som+ble+preparerte.+tekst+rett+etter+vevingen+i+leems+beskrivelse.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 394px; width: 400px;" /></center>
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<small>Sami with woven blankets sleeps in a Lavvo tent. Samer sover med grenetepper over seg i en lavvo. From Knud Leem, 1767.</small><br />
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Side 372: I tillegg til å bruke Jamne så farget samene garn gult med en urt som på samisk ble kalt “Idne” og en urt som ble kalt “Livdnjo” og:<br />
1) med roten av engsyre (rumex acetosa linn),<br />
2) med blomstene til Galio Vero Linn (trolig marianøkleblom: Primula veris),<br />
3) med einer mose (Lichen junioerinus Linn),<br />
4) med lys mose (Lichen candelarius Linn),<br />
5) med løvet av Betula nana Linn (kjerringris eller dvergbjørk: Betula Nana),<br />
6) samt av Betula alba Linn dvs. bjørk eller bjerk.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvoKZmbJyyOH_v2k1OkTI5HfThOTrSPP58Pd10HEUA-7jguaLoTFvY21VSsOPxpXPL9JdMzpCZQfl6aZx853zRoNmKd0IUx4mFzkt7iygXQqceFGELAYdbAOBwIIbURQplZjgW9kjOJFph/s1600/Leem+table+XX+tent+samisk+norge+%25282%2529.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681314129493906386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvoKZmbJyyOH_v2k1OkTI5HfThOTrSPP58Pd10HEUA-7jguaLoTFvY21VSsOPxpXPL9JdMzpCZQfl6aZx853zRoNmKd0IUx4mFzkt7iygXQqceFGELAYdbAOBwIIbURQplZjgW9kjOJFph/s400/Leem+table+XX+tent+samisk+norge+%25282%2529.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 398px; width: 400px;" /></a></center>
<small>Lavvo tents of the Nordic Sami people with woven patterned textiles. Samenes Lavvo med mønstrede vevde tepper. Knud Leem, 1767.</small><br />
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Knud Leem viste med sine illustrasjoner av teltdukene, som ble brukt tidlig på 1700-tallet, at mønstrene i de samiske vevde tepper var mer komplekse enn bare enkle striper. Knud Leem showed in the illustrations of the Sami tents that the patterns on the woven textiles used in the early 1700's were more complex than simple stripes.<br />
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Carl von Linné skriver på side 83 i sine ungdomsskrifter at samene til rødfarging brukte “Tormentilla, quod notabile” som alltid vokser i mose, men det ser ut til at rødfargen som kommer fra roten til denne planten (cortex internus Alni) er brukt til farging av skinn, seltøy, remmer og hansker. Farging av garn eller tråd er ikke nevnt av von Linné.<br />
Det er også kjent at samene har brukt barken av Or treet for å farge symbolene på runebommen med rødt.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcLRuX8w1egYBUgld-QIp8kEVgkX0_H-9Jidoz5YkAO4l_NSoIrBBD4ArNbpRpag4O4kgDizpWJeGgIGeHlSuZa7_d2twuzVRNtqVv_aKlNyDasPApr2sgdDWO9Zx38dQ-9W8wpQmAMFku/s1600/grenvev+med+grene.+foto+av+Olve+Utne%252C+2011.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681302522679583890" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcLRuX8w1egYBUgld-QIp8kEVgkX0_H-9Jidoz5YkAO4l_NSoIrBBD4ArNbpRpag4O4kgDizpWJeGgIGeHlSuZa7_d2twuzVRNtqVv_aKlNyDasPApr2sgdDWO9Zx38dQ-9W8wpQmAMFku/s400/grenvev+med+grene.+foto+av+Olve+Utne%252C+2011.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 392px; width: 400px;" /></a></center>
<small>Foto av Olve Utne, 2011. Samisk oppstadvev med et greneteppe som er utstilt på Norsk Folkemuseum i Oslo. På Folkemuseet finnes det også eldgamle samiske oppstad-vevstoler, en er laget av trestammer. De samiske oppstadvevene likner på de vevene som ble brukt i det arkaiske Romerriket i hele Europa og i Nord-Afrika og i Asia. Den samme type vev er også brukt av urbefolkningene i Amerika. Sami Vertical or Warp Weighted loom with textile exhibited at Norsk Folkemuseum in Oslo, Norway. There are much older types of Sami vertical looms at Norsk Folkemuseum, one which is made of tree trunks. The Sami vertical looms resemble the looms from the Archaic Roman Empire all over Europe, in North-Africa and in Asia. The same types of looms are also used by the Native Americans. </small></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-weight: bold;">The traditional Vertical Loom i.e. Warp Weighted loom of the Sami </span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span"><b>(Sámigiella: Rátnostuolet)</b></span><br />
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This text is from a book by Knud Leem and is translated from Old Danish. To make it readable the text is somewhat altered. The book is linked in the start of this blog.<br />
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Page 372 in a book by Knud Leem (published in Copenhagen, 1767). The women's work: The woven blankets were used by the sea - and mountain Sami to sleep under, and those woven blankets which are somewhat worn were by the mountain Sami attached to poles and used as tent canvas. Most of these woven carpets are made with thin wool treads, and the color is white with a broad black or deep gray rim around the edges, and the broad striped with white and black, or white and gray broad stripes. Some are preliminary work of fine threads with stripes of many colors as completely yellow and red.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOVD5If6FjII04HZcqFuKPo7mzhRpCu03sxxXNO-LMv8L0sqPKtopVGhkkcM6l0XXKNnVZVL-_YNfyUf2Sx7-2ZKYEQsAdaLXM0A5rq7immrz7nfqg22xv7JK9FYMUdXge8Wu6dE4s8gtQ/s1600/V%25C3%25A4v%252C_Roseng%25C3%25A5ng_vepa_detalj.+Smal+Rana+v%25C3%25A4vnad%252C+sverige.+Composed%252C+made+and+photographed+by+Damast%252C+2006.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681307491232832178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOVD5If6FjII04HZcqFuKPo7mzhRpCu03sxxXNO-LMv8L0sqPKtopVGhkkcM6l0XXKNnVZVL-_YNfyUf2Sx7-2ZKYEQsAdaLXM0A5rq7immrz7nfqg22xv7JK9FYMUdXge8Wu6dE4s8gtQ/s320/V%25C3%25A4v%252C_Roseng%25C3%25A5ng_vepa_detalj.+Smal+Rana+v%25C3%25A4vnad%252C+sverige.+Composed%252C+made+and+photographed+by+Damast%252C+2006.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 320px; width: 174px;" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLslx06o2kU1OyOY3GEidRSZBbH3NWAH6tr_3cew90V9sqZ3NE2SEVRry4Tljh6Q2ns3et2MJZZSSvEj4sGRz3P7QawB2WuQVU3vQ4ITLCA6wb3-xws04HLodi2JLq8qQcQkrsljEPmhgR/s1600/V%25C3%25A4v%252C_Roseng%25C3%25A5ng_vepa_v%25C3%25A4xtf%25C3%25A4rgad.+Smal+Ranav%25C3%25A4vnad%252C+Sverige.+Composed%252C+made+and+photographed+by+Damast%252C+2006.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681307929164715602" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLslx06o2kU1OyOY3GEidRSZBbH3NWAH6tr_3cew90V9sqZ3NE2SEVRry4Tljh6Q2ns3et2MJZZSSvEj4sGRz3P7QawB2WuQVU3vQ4ITLCA6wb3-xws04HLodi2JLq8qQcQkrsljEPmhgR/s320/V%25C3%25A4v%252C_Roseng%25C3%25A5ng_vepa_v%25C3%25A4xtf%25C3%25A4rgad.+Smal+Ranav%25C3%25A4vnad%252C+Sverige.+Composed%252C+made+and+photographed+by+Damast%252C+2006.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 320px; width: 186px;" /></a></center>
<small><small>Foto av to svenske <a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana" target="_blank"">Rana</a>, på svensk er en smal Rana kalt <a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vepa" target="_blank"">Vepa</a>. Rosengang (sv. <a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseng%C3%A5ng" target="_blank"">Rosengång</a>) er en vanlig vevteknikk til Rana og brukes over hele Sverige.På samisk kalles dette vevde teppet for <a href="http://lokalhistoriewiki.no/index.php/Grene" target="_blank"">Rátnu eller Rádno</a>. På norsk kalles dette vevde teppet for <a href="http://www.manndalen-husflidslag.no/grene.31485.no.html" target="_blank"">Grene</a> eller <a href="http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85kle" target="_blank"">Åkle</a>. Photo of two Swedish textiles called Rana or Ratnu. A narrow sized Rana is called Vepa in Swedish language. In Sami language this woven textile is called Rátnu or Rádno. In norwegian language it is called Grene or Åkle. Read more about the word used in different languages / Les mer om ordet slik det er brukt i ulike språk: <a href="http://kaino.kotus.fi/algu/index.php?t=sanue&lekseemi_id=6120&hakusana=r%C3%A1dno&sanue_id=2012" target="_blank"">Rádno, Ratnō, Rana</a></small></small><br />
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The vertical loom consists of two tall and thick pillars and at the upper end there is a loose warp- beam that reaches from one pole to the other. Regarding the aforementioned beam, the warp (yarn) is attached to the upper part. A portion of the warp (yarn) is left flowing in a distance from the warp-beam to the ground. Then, the hand and not a shuttle are used to merge and attach the woven fabric. Instead of using a beater (spoon) to press the weave-threads, a flat hand shifting between a horizontal and a vertical position is used. [Watch Youtube video: Greneveving - Rátnogođđin del 4.flv it is linked previously in this blog]</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMBcS0TjhDRO1NlYSudy1sFp4mP1UFQk0nYQUl5UHxPSynjASQQ6_MGBpykHQsR-dgzK9-BceMB503_4HAJnxgZPOGCN6gSYuIyDBd4Zl-tdxnZhyaBbZPiExhhlkF8zxpPohX53HAgDMT/s1600/vevskje+samisk.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681345477109776242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMBcS0TjhDRO1NlYSudy1sFp4mP1UFQk0nYQUl5UHxPSynjASQQ6_MGBpykHQsR-dgzK9-BceMB503_4HAJnxgZPOGCN6gSYuIyDBd4Zl-tdxnZhyaBbZPiExhhlkF8zxpPohX53HAgDMT/s400/vevskje+samisk.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 200px; width: 400px;" /></a></center>
<small> Samisk vevskje med vakkert mønster fra Västerbotten i Sverige. Uansett hva Leem skriver så brukte samene også vedskje under vevingen. A beautifully decorated loom beater (tool) with traditional Sami decorations from Västerbotten in Sweden. The Sami used beaters when weaving using the vertical loom.</small><br />
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Let there be an opening fit for the hand between the warp-yarn parts, the second part of the warp yarn goes in a diagonal line down from the beam and out over a rod (the rod is laid lengthwise straight across the above mentioned posts with two short extending ends). At the bottom end of the warp-yarn there are fastened stones to prevent the yarn to hang limply, the weight of the stones keep the yarn tight and stretched<br />
Woof-threads is inserted in the aforementioned manner and woven in with the hand, first at the top close the warp beam. That means, one starts from the top in the weaving of the carpet.<br />
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As the fabric is produced the warp beam of the Lapland loom is eventually surrounded by the woven blanket. The trim of the carpet is fringed with a mixture of mutton - and hare-wool. All of this is the work of women.</div>
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Page 372: In addition to using Jamne, the Sami colored yarns yellow with an herb which in the Sami language was called "Idne" and an herb called "Livdnjo" and:<br />
1) with the root of common sorrel (rumex acetosa linn)<br />
2) with flowers of Galio Vero Linn (very likely wild primrose: Primula Veris)<br />
3) with juniper moss (Lichen junioerinus Linn)<br />
4) with light moss (lichen candelarius Linn)<br />
5) with the leaves of Betula nana Linn (Arctic Dwarf Birch),<br />
6) and of Betula alba Linn i.e. birch.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsqeEP9ViTjRwVscbze8U9Z84LViXCnjuw-U-f_lEExZC3T4nfWDJc-QppTIqxDo0nolT686Y_-E5ZY8Cfv6TZn8UsTLTmH6L6dErTJYZqxqUc8iQBqaOjum5viNcgiIq4RfOH9Qd_Bhsh/s1600/Leem+XLV.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681314687847906658" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsqeEP9ViTjRwVscbze8U9Z84LViXCnjuw-U-f_lEExZC3T4nfWDJc-QppTIqxDo0nolT686Y_-E5ZY8Cfv6TZn8UsTLTmH6L6dErTJYZqxqUc8iQBqaOjum5viNcgiIq4RfOH9Qd_Bhsh/s400/Leem+XLV.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 400px; width: 340px;" /></a></center>
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Gjentar: Knud Leem (1767) viste med sine illustrasjoner av teltene som ble brukt tidlig på 1700-tallet at mønstrene i samiske vevde tepper var mer komplekse enn bare de striper som brukes i de enkleste greneteppene. As already written: Knud Leem showed in the illustrations of the tents that the patterns on the woven textiles used in early the 1700's by the Sami people were more complex than simple stripes.</div>
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Carl von Linné writes on page 83 in his “ungdomsskrifter” that for red color the Sami used "Tormentilla, quod notabile" which always grows in moss, but it seems that the red color comes from the root of this plant (cortex internus Alni) and is used to dyeing of leather, harness, belts and gloves. Coloring of yarn or thread is not mentioned by von Linné. It is common knowledge that the Sami people dyed the symbols on the Runic drumheads with Alder Bark (for a rich red color).<br />
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Youtube video, Norsk Folkemuseum: <br />
Glimt fra greneveving - Manndalen, Troms 1955 (stumfilm). Weaving on a warp weighted loom, Manndalen, Troms in Norway, 1955.<br />
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Grenevev del 2 av 3 - Olderdalen og Manndalen 1947 (stumfilm)
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Grenevev del 3 av 3 - Olderdalen og Manndalen 1947 (stumfilm)
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Eksempler på andre vevde tekstiler brukt av samene. Other examples of woven textiles used by the Sami people.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfThPphKnjSJliHx_H7aWdsL4BRZE9AnvHpZa_BaPHTAjJ6LibtEIDK73c3RyizgB-wfIzBcJs4-I-plcM415eLIWbRB4qbT22G6yl8MPCl4rdKAO-_zkYcrNFrtzSJMMOkTHIV2h-5VXo/s1600/42-03137.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681313257572989026" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfThPphKnjSJliHx_H7aWdsL4BRZE9AnvHpZa_BaPHTAjJ6LibtEIDK73c3RyizgB-wfIzBcJs4-I-plcM415eLIWbRB4qbT22G6yl8MPCl4rdKAO-_zkYcrNFrtzSJMMOkTHIV2h-5VXo/s400/42-03137.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 292px; width: 400px;" /></a></center>
<small> © Nord-Troms Museum. <a href="http://www.digitaltmuseum.no/things/samer/NTRM/NTRMF42-03137" target="_blank"">NTRMF42-03137</a>. Samer i Nordreisa i Troms fylke. Gunhild Marie Inger Anna Siri og Nils Isak Persen Siri. Fotografiet er fra 1940. Kvinnen bruker et vevd samisk belte. Sami mother with child in Nordreisa (1940), Troms County in Norway. The woman is wearing a woven belt. </small></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsOlcPI5aVEdXJM7kzfZ5niJ62ML8cRFktue0yIMky5lR-QaTBkDSBQUrmVYt1kxPnKWstWzbkuujHKUjmHwiLBfBjNYAv7CMSCGPSmXJpysu3ndIyee0zeTyWLgom0TKoIwEjYlc-eWQO/s1600/42-03234.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681315462093282194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsOlcPI5aVEdXJM7kzfZ5niJ62ML8cRFktue0yIMky5lR-QaTBkDSBQUrmVYt1kxPnKWstWzbkuujHKUjmHwiLBfBjNYAv7CMSCGPSmXJpysu3ndIyee0zeTyWLgom0TKoIwEjYlc-eWQO/s400/42-03234.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 307px; width: 400px;" /></a></center>
<small>© Nord-Troms Museum <a href="http://www.digitaltmuseum.no/things/samer/NTRM/NTRMF42-03234" target="_blank"">NTRMF42-03234</a>. Samiske kvinner og et barn fra Nordreisa i Troms. Den første kvinnen er Marit Johnsdatter Utsi. Fotografiet er fra 1924. Her kan du se vevde sjal, belter og bånd. Sami women and child in Nordreisa (1924), Troms County in Norway. Woven shawls, belts and bands. </small><br />
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<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/michelleschantz/6386419161/in/photostream" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681315705896215218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjamUoBP-TNAUVf-W03j9LmfZlfx0ocfpjifSVhhp_9h73NaLMxxkrboAmk6U0mHKZbqZyRX1F93N-a55tAWdh9bJy0ymSeY82PToZFN-dAs1KI4m09bVQT01E5oivdIKrUuWeRnnQOI2wr/s400/6386419161_7532afec20_b.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 277px; width: 400px;" /></a></center>
<small>Flickr Photo by Michelle Schantz, 2011. Woven shoe bands. Traditional shoes with woven shoe bands worn by a Saami girl in Karasjok, Norway. Vevde skobånd. Tradisjonelle samiske sko med vevde skobånd til samejente fra Karasjok, Norge. </small></div>
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<small><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Historie - History</span></b></small></div>
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<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/5264467442/in/set-72157618752093781" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681454301682408066" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM84Nsl4M4odU9ZgoRf4xdIHzjDKlSVL7vh6-ntp89tER6Ls8ZkVu87ZldhE_kfue0UIHG4ejrWMSn54nHrYG0_UyAF5zqdRr0ELLa6Kzt94KQXdl2NXwl9mgo37PHvhDgtQ1S_t2m61IK/s400/Greek+hand+loom.+Satire+Odysseus+and+Kirke+drawing+after+a+Boeotian+vase+.+Skyphos+Ashmolean+Museum+Oxford.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 171px; width: 350px;" /></a><div>
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/6293690031/in/set-72157618752093781" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681448126099013202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimvZosv5zc_H9K-Hb5i_8u3GVlA4IXAXxohxQUDyYz7z5yE2Bd-Awcu1kA2LkZyIuJoXMD3OQUGMM0qO1lwgGEGEoiWk7IHK4_orokqpJ5tLR3Bo9WUlopeqRO4xECwCw3bnwjnjM2vzMl/s200/Archaic+Greek+Weaving+weights+for+Vertical+Loom+Keramikos+Museum%252C+Athens.+Photo+by+Giovanni+Dall%2527Orto%252C+Nov+12%252C+2009..jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 134px; width: 173px;" /></a> <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/5263857701/in/set-72157618752093781" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681447879581235362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU7_uFER8oI10j8utUa18rLFTK2dsryER4_8eciVH2u2OEaqLO0-Axa4koeVio3huG5Pzcog4hHfUZFY63yQzHjSHuFHUUSt8w9kaZzoZ5j_WPF-aAp1Lp6YaXd3nHkx1QgYKOUWLfB7B3/s200/Telemachus+and+Penelope+with+her+loom.+Drawing+after+an+ancient+Greek+Vase.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 134px; width: 161px;" /></a> </div>
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<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/5263759129/in/set-72157618752093781" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681447026213410034" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGAgbov0LXTltxQn6Pt6VB2o4Bm1EMAZIeMqfjI_TjaP4IuQGWA1xeEWZKZsnA0wnRH-r4VMQY6uT0t7kmnECQVOTtlrVdnuJA41nWMQ_GXD73D8rZY-hRYQ5rAsumFdVZrvYwMeWuc8BD/s200/Catalonia+Badalona+Museu+De+Badalona+Peses.+Roman+Empire+loom.+Barcelona%252C+Catalinya.+Spain.+My+beautiful+picture+photo+by+Friviere%252C+2007..jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 134px; width: 173px;" /></a> <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/5264370146/in/set-72157618752093781" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681447479343376914" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-aK2lYwC0cSNA4zet5I5taFNB1RypV-HSlUJkHcLQdfDpPUYzNyOJUrnKiikRHahHIfx-oO_0hS56J0VYN6GgqY51-23MIEsXRnuOLcaHyExp7pXDtCbaff-Crn4gt26y2r7OWhKBVQ06/s200/Roman+Museum+in+Butchery+Lane%252C+Canterbury%252C+Kent.+Displayed+evidence+for+spinning+and+weaving+weights.+Photo+by+Linda+Spashett%252C+2010.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 134px; width: 160px;" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/5263758011/in/set-72157618752093781" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681451337148044562" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNtcJxG1MYWGeQIvyAznD24kXdTNdFckbvocZKI_Fls7mgebNS3A5eiv_fc2sGdKe7UkrxnszjgQAVsi93lQBIJu3nI0kmHOMA7Q8Twt6K-RAa97WM42sTkTUD3TgZZBmROQIca4NeJ9w0/s200/Reconstructed+wrap+weighted+loom+in+house.+Hedeby%252C+Haithabu+or+Haddeby%252C+Slesvik.+Germany.+Photo+Karl+-+Erik+Ballak%252C+2008.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 134px; width: 134px;" /></a> <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/5264371346/in/set-72157618752093781" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681446625245150242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuhNn9cNGuKct22bJa6ck5HRqISl5s4P2yFiqo2eQGQMzHkTVSv6glaN7aKO6lihrFCozBTVv1ZJ5dZfytxa2VmG7PX_CJwa-rdAcClaVg2mRMwxy4BhyobNWqxwH_Yut1ai-woTL6-Fgc/s200/Women+weaving+-+vertical+loom+-+in+an+archaic+Roman+House+in+Nijmegen%252C+Netherlands.+Photo+by+Wolfgang+Sauber+2006.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 134px; width: 200px;" /></a> </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">The Vertical loom has been used in Europe since the Bronze Age, and is depicted on ancient Greek vases from about 600-550 BCE. The warp weighted (i.e. Vertical) loom type is related to and used since the archaic Greek and Roman periods, related to the cultures of the archaic Roman Empire, before the introduction of Christianity by the invading Eastern Romans from Byzantium during the medieval period. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">Oppstadveven har vært brukt i Europa fra bronsealderen og er avbildet på greske vaser ca. 600-550 BCE. Oppstå eller oppstadvev er relatert til og er brukt i Europa siden den arkaiske Greske og Romerske perioden, tilknyttet kulturene i det arkaiske Romerriket og ble spesielt mye brukt her inntil middelalderen før de kristne østlige romerne fra Bysants invaderte Vest-Europa.</span></div>
<small>1) Greek hand loom. Satire Odysseus and Kirke drawing after a Boeotian vase . Skyphos Ashmolean Museum Oxford. Gresk vev malt på antikk vase med satire av Odysseus og Kirke, utstilt i Oxford, UK.<br />
2) Archaic Greek Weaving weights for Vertical Loom at Keramikos Museum, Athens. Photo by Giovanni Dall'Orto, Nov 12, 2009. Greske vekter for veving.<br />
3) Telemachus and Penelope with her loom. Drawing after an ancient Greek Vase. Tegning etter en eldgammel gresk vase.<br />
4) Catalonia Badalona Museu De Badalona Peses. Roman Empire loom. Barcelona, Catalinya. Spain. My beautiful picture photo by Friviere, 2007. Oppstad vev fra Catalonia, arkaiske Romerriket i Spania.<br />
5) Roman Museum in Butchery Lane, Canterbury, Kent. Displayed evidence for archaic Roman Empire spinning and weaving weights in the UK. Photo by Linda Spashett, 2010. Vekter for veving fra det arkaiske Romerriket i Cantebury, Kent i UK.<br />
6) Reconstructed wrap weighted loom in house. Hedeby, Haithabu or Haddeby, Schleswig-Holstein in Germany. Photo Karl - Erik Ballak, 2008. Rekonstruert oppstadvev i Hedeby, Tyskland.<br />
7) Women weaving - vertical loom - in an archaic Roman Empire House in Nijmegen, Netherlands. Photo by Wolfgang Sauber 2006. Kvinner som vever på en oppstadvev fra det arkaiske Romerriket i Nederland.<br />
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<b>Roughly about this loom in history:</b> There were two different Roman periods in Europe: 1) The archaic Western Roman Empire that was governed from Rome until about 400 CE. This period is closely related to the archaic Greeks. 2) The Eastern Christian Roman Empire governed from Byzantium after about 400 CE. Because the areas of South Eastern Europe (including Turkey) was part of the Archaic Roman Empire before about 400 CE this loom type was used and widely distributed also in eastern Europe. The Christian eastern Romans from Eastern-Europe i.e. Byzantium were the ones that attacked and robbed the Western Roman Empire in the 400’s CE. Many Christian Romans were later displaced (pressured) into Western Europe in the medieval period because of the Muslim expansions before the Ottoman Empire was established in 1299. The vertical loom was widely in use throughout Europe until the Christian invasions during the medieval period, however the warp-weighted loom were used by some populations until the 1900's, and is still used by a few weavers. The design and technology of the warp weighted loom have changed somewhat when used for e.g. weaving of tapestries, however a few weavers are still using the older types and techniques of vertical looms (ref. previously linked video in this blog from <a href="http://www.manndalen-husflidslag.no/grene.31485.no.html" target="_blank"">Manndalen</a>, Troms County in Norway). <u><span class="Apple-style-span"><b>Originally the vertical loom was made with an axe and wood-plugs, it is possible to dismantle the loom, it is easy to transport and to install and use in a tent</b></span></u>. In the following links with English language you can see 1) <a href="http://youtu.be/0bGP-4Dy4Gs" target="_blank"">How the vertical loom is made with an axe</a>. 2) Learn some of <a href="http://youtu.be/w_GxeqIILlc" target="_blank"">the history of the warp-weighted loom and how it is built</a>, and watch 3) an example of how easy it is <a href="http://youtu.be/z2bOpcxtD9o" target="_blank"">to build and use the old type of vertical loom</a>.<br />
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<b>Mer om veven i historien i grove trekk:</b> Det var to forskjellige romerske perioder i Europa: 1) De arkaiske vestlige romerne som ble styrt fra Roma før ca. 400. Denne perioden er nært tilknyttet det arkaisk greske. 2) De østlige kristne romerne som ble styrt fra Bysants etter ca. 400 CE. Fordi det sørøstlige Europa (inklusive Tyrkia) opprinnelig var del av det arkaiske Romerriket før ca. 400 CE så var oppstad-vevstol brukt vidstrakt også i Øst-Europa. Det var de kristne østlige Romerne fra Bysants som angrep og røvet de vestlige romerne på 400-tallet CE. Mange av de kristne romere fra øst ble senere fortrengt (presset ut) fra Øst-Europa og inn i Vest-Europa i løpet av middelalderen på grunn av islamsk ekspansjon, allerede før etableringen av det Ottomanske riket i 1299. Oppstadveven var svært mye brukt i hele Europa inntil de kristne invasjonene i Middelalderen, men oppstadveven ble brukt i enkelte kulturer helt til 1900-tallet og er fremdeles i bruk av noen få vevere. Utformingen og teknologien til oppstadveven har endret seg noe (for eksempel når den brukes til billedvev), men noen vevere bruker fremdeles de gamle typene av oppstå-vev og gamle teknikker (se tidligere lenket video i bloggen fra <a href="http://www.manndalen-husflidslag.no/grene.31485.no.html" target="_blank"">Manndalen</a> i Troms, Norge)<b> <u><span class="Apple-style-span">Opprinnelig ble oppstadveven laget med øks og tre-plugger, den kan demonteres, er enkel å transportere og brukes i telt</span></u></b>. I de tre lenkede videoene kan du se 1) <a href="http://youtu.be/0bGP-4Dy4Gs" target="_blank"">hvordan man lager veven med øks</a>. 2) Lære noe om <a href="http://youtu.be/w_GxeqIILlc" target="_blank"">historien til oppstadveven og hvordan den er bygd</a> og se 3) et eksempel på hvordan man enkelt kan <a href="http://youtu.be/z2bOpcxtD9o" target="_blank"">bygge en enkel oppstadvev og å veve på den</a>.</small></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Lfb8vnKm0axnLdqsLBC1ZRS92I1SxQCDkIgBn3wHZvYT_wQnzMmlkqAq81vasJXV67A7Y8OJ7pBnQZ12LhDmvDaf0w1LqSqsJsWvbMsqjr7z1JU7f8SBlTLGUxk4WL_PumTA0-aDYagu/s1600/Old+time+vertical+loom+Scandinavia+-+grenevev.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681317720811549794" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Lfb8vnKm0axnLdqsLBC1ZRS92I1SxQCDkIgBn3wHZvYT_wQnzMmlkqAq81vasJXV67A7Y8OJ7pBnQZ12LhDmvDaf0w1LqSqsJsWvbMsqjr7z1JU7f8SBlTLGUxk4WL_PumTA0-aDYagu/s320/Old+time+vertical+loom+Scandinavia+-+grenevev.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 250px; width: 220px;" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-uxjBv7ifRCtDpNapDM9JNmV-KqGWVfhpT5uS7S1so2mKT3FJhrFLyZTUc86xdPFq75NxzPXtBnY_66afPivlToL5UEhXm8JZNZWUYoCiLoF4c63PYX2AobGoawOHyuFMY_eJOrAwuLH_/s1600/Samisk+b%25C3%25A5ndvev.+Rigid+heddle+loom+of+Nordic+Laplanders+-+History+of+Lapland-+by+Scheffer+1674.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681317897948690418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-uxjBv7ifRCtDpNapDM9JNmV-KqGWVfhpT5uS7S1so2mKT3FJhrFLyZTUc86xdPFq75NxzPXtBnY_66afPivlToL5UEhXm8JZNZWUYoCiLoF4c63PYX2AobGoawOHyuFMY_eJOrAwuLH_/s320/Samisk+b%25C3%25A5ndvev.+Rigid+heddle+loom+of+Nordic+Laplanders+-+History+of+Lapland-+by+Scheffer+1674.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; height: 250px; width: 200px;" /></a></center>
<small>1) Old Nordic Warp Weighted (i.e. Vertical) Loom. Picture from Project Gutenberg Book. In museums you can see real warp-weighted looms used by the Sami in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia e.g.: <a href="http://www.primusweb.no/" target="_blank"">Search for the word combination: "samisk greneveving"</a>. Dette er en nordisk oppstad vev som ble brukt av samene i Norden og Russland. I ulike museumssamlinger så kan du se oppstadvever brukt av de norske samene for eksempel: <a href="http://www.primusweb.no/" target="_blank"">Søk på ordkombinasjonen: "samisk greneveving"</a>. Teksten som følger bildet / Text under the picture in <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25731/25731-h/25731-h.htm" target="_blank"">Ancient Egyptian and Greek Looms. by H. Ling Roth</a> (1913): "Illustration of a Scandinavian warp weighted loom in the Copenhagen Museum. The illustration is taken from Montelius’ Civilisation of Sweden in Heathen Times, translated by the Rev. F. H. Woods, London, Macmillan & Co., 1888, p. 160."<br />
2) Samisk båndvev avbildet i boken Lapponica av Scheffer, 1674. Rigid heddle loom of Nordic Laplanders - History of Lapland- by Scheffer 1674.<br />
</small></div>
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Saamibloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03176222359685589743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-85944382622843817402011-09-13T14:14:00.000+02:002011-09-13T14:15:34.363+02:00Sami art - Samisk kunst av Tomas Colbengtson<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGYBMXCaPqmqWkd4oSOBVF-KI942zHRuFTfPb6OsPDNvD2a9_4gQXgpBZmPVjh5JUJ75yhD_8RWAd0-SN-j6ptvruQ-O3VLuTjIiaRQjo8AjcmhIR5GBUnARXK1HtwOJzuPyBWNBOu1c8/s400/Tomas+Colbengtson+p%25C3%25A5+en+%25C3%2581ttje+utstilling+som+varer+fra+den+3+sept-+30+okt+2011.jpg" width="301" /></div><div>Kunstneren Tomas Colbengtson fra <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4rnaby" target="_blank">Tärnaby</a>, Västerbotten i Sverige er her på <a href="http://www.ajtte.com/" target="_blank">Áttje Museum</a> med en utstilling som varer fra den 3 september- 30 oktober 2011. <a href="http://www.colbengtson.com/" target="_blank">Tomas Colbengtson</a> from Tärnaby in Sweden, with an exhibit at Áttje Museum from 3. september to 30. October. Photo: Simon Klenell.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijKiBMO51r__edurnYz28FFXzoDwRGEIErqTtpi1sJ24_9bAADMZI6kJmZUMVzGcJR5FcFj1Dy3u_3F2O0qu50V8haKusdyakv6QcfFutlRdw6gIsFan8WOMMgZDyn74AqyH90Wc-fW-s/s1600/Historien+T.Colbengtson+2011+Screentryck+Foto+av+Nils+Agdler+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijKiBMO51r__edurnYz28FFXzoDwRGEIErqTtpi1sJ24_9bAADMZI6kJmZUMVzGcJR5FcFj1Dy3u_3F2O0qu50V8haKusdyakv6QcfFutlRdw6gIsFan8WOMMgZDyn74AqyH90Wc-fW-s/s400/Historien+T.Colbengtson+2011+Screentryck+Foto+av+Nils+Agdler+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Historien / History: Screentryck or Screen print. Art by <a href="http://www.colbengtson.com/" target="_blank">Tomas Colbengtson</a>, 2011. Photo: Nils Agdler.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjH2FLHLujBDjslBxzBUAsWwHBWra58i5-TXL9RDWRczGqOnGinrJjo1dVwvwWrhZ937MpK6OWm7kqsJonraOIKuShopGtc8J8FszuFWRGiKa8SS-PK0p_eEN463kXfI3XhYxGg19zfXY/s1600/rajd+av+T.+Colbengtson%252C+2011.+Graal-glas.+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjH2FLHLujBDjslBxzBUAsWwHBWra58i5-TXL9RDWRczGqOnGinrJjo1dVwvwWrhZ937MpK6OWm7kqsJonraOIKuShopGtc8J8FszuFWRGiKa8SS-PK0p_eEN463kXfI3XhYxGg19zfXY/s400/rajd+av+T.+Colbengtson%252C+2011.+Graal-glas.+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>Rajd / Raid. Artist: Tomas Colbengtson, 2011. Read more: <a href="http://www.encyclo.co.uk/define/Graal%20glass" target="_blank">Graal Glass</a>. Les mer: <a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graal_(glasteknik)" target="_blank">Graal Glass</a>.<br /><div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYqymJj9KuGpjxh_oBl6-4a7uM9O5kZ1qgZQqtbge405l0q5742bsMe9_IP1et5iXY2LoQehySdik9HHXbYmeYYuF-dtVLxrn-p6Qkz6jDrccua1Qv_EBDWX9P6qbVKNOQL5_mM-eSGJk/s1600/tvilling2+av+T.+Colbengtson%252C+2011.+Graal-glas.+Foto+av+Nils+Agdler+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYqymJj9KuGpjxh_oBl6-4a7uM9O5kZ1qgZQqtbge405l0q5742bsMe9_IP1et5iXY2LoQehySdik9HHXbYmeYYuF-dtVLxrn-p6Qkz6jDrccua1Qv_EBDWX9P6qbVKNOQL5_mM-eSGJk/s400/tvilling2+av+T.+Colbengtson%252C+2011.+Graal-glas.+Foto+av+Nils+Agdler+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" width="267" /></a></div>Tvilling 2 / Twin 2: Artist Tomas Colbengtson, 2011. Graal-glas. Photo: Nils Agdler.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEgtDutcIzwbt05bOEEfAAGP_90BJZDQdlpfwPAEogg0o2G_WEFf-3jJhkJvBQKNcsvMpZ2_VYoDjJXUPHQpuEWQxjcT7Tav7mWfdthN-BbkSdd6alB00rswCzdG07xJajZmnOFKGfcgs/s1600/TCsystrar+av+T.+Colbengtson%252C+2011.+Graal-glas.+Foto+av+Nils+Agdler+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEgtDutcIzwbt05bOEEfAAGP_90BJZDQdlpfwPAEogg0o2G_WEFf-3jJhkJvBQKNcsvMpZ2_VYoDjJXUPHQpuEWQxjcT7Tav7mWfdthN-BbkSdd6alB00rswCzdG07xJajZmnOFKGfcgs/s400/TCsystrar+av+T.+Colbengtson%252C+2011.+Graal-glas.+Foto+av+Nils+Agdler+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" width="267" /></a></div>Systrar / Sisters. Artist Tomas Colbengtson, 2011. Graal-glas. Photo: Nils Agdler.<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheBXL1o-Pw8Y7dVABrvV_rAyRKiNn-Icke24m6gxroHqruwPECxeOKeaNc6eBcubuFIc1qhNGE9vnI5TNo1G0JhZLPKiM5pZMz9HsYfdrp48DUEoO_njF4KAQ2hIn6YvkUX36WZYuDik0/s1600/vero_gierkie+eller+Tribut+sten%252C+Graal+glas+av+T.+Colbengtson%252C+2011.+Foto+av+Nils+Agdler+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheBXL1o-Pw8Y7dVABrvV_rAyRKiNn-Icke24m6gxroHqruwPECxeOKeaNc6eBcubuFIc1qhNGE9vnI5TNo1G0JhZLPKiM5pZMz9HsYfdrp48DUEoO_njF4KAQ2hIn6YvkUX36WZYuDik0/s400/vero_gierkie+eller+Tribut+sten%252C+Graal+glas+av+T.+Colbengtson%252C+2011.+Foto+av+Nils+Agdler+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" width="267" /></a></div>Vero gierkie, Tribute stone / Tribut sten. Graal glas. Artist: Tomas Colbengtson, 2011. Photo: Nils Agdler.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQAGVAdccrAgc40SjK4TZ3ZTz8PxY8jrqvjnBo1VzbDdQdCcDxQjnRwmFNEFWSMD1uVlRyD7npsViq1nVxLdGUjfa5IomuhNbnuxUzdt3DgljHX59c1oo04aIfeNvPPrcjQm6etD0uGOk/s1600/oddasat+Fr%25C3%25A5n+Utst%25C3%25A4llning+av+kunsten+til+Tomas+Colbengtson+i+Samisk+Kunstnersenter+13+jan+2011..jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQAGVAdccrAgc40SjK4TZ3ZTz8PxY8jrqvjnBo1VzbDdQdCcDxQjnRwmFNEFWSMD1uVlRyD7npsViq1nVxLdGUjfa5IomuhNbnuxUzdt3DgljHX59c1oo04aIfeNvPPrcjQm6etD0uGOk/s400/oddasat+Fr%25C3%25A5n+Utst%25C3%25A4llning+av+kunsten+til+Tomas+Colbengtson+i+Samisk+Kunstnersenter+13+jan+2011..jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Oddasat, fra utstillingen av kunsten til Tomas Colbengtson i Samisk Kunstnersenter 13 januar, 2011.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPNxE5ND_XqXsMZxBF99yfmlOv_kGLJ5gw9NdPg3ldsfjqH2boOYCtmUzxacBdbWYVUbiN5JJyuaySaCltSuFSiMgUadaGdEN-8NI8lwx_FOXHd5O3FIsRqABP8zvzct8EQn77B4Fa_jw/s1600/norridentitet+screen+aluminium+2011+av+av+T.+Colbengtson.+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPNxE5ND_XqXsMZxBF99yfmlOv_kGLJ5gw9NdPg3ldsfjqH2boOYCtmUzxacBdbWYVUbiN5JJyuaySaCltSuFSiMgUadaGdEN-8NI8lwx_FOXHd5O3FIsRqABP8zvzct8EQn77B4Fa_jw/s400/norridentitet+screen+aluminium+2011+av+av+T.+Colbengtson.+Legg+til+lenke.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Norridentitet - Northern Identity. Screen aluminum. Artist: Tomas Colbengtson, 2011.</div>Saamibloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03176222359685589743noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-1904229850943401752011-09-07T16:45:00.021+02:002011-09-13T15:51:34.905+02:00Coastal Sami - Kystsamer - Boats - Båter & Gakti<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiGsM02c3xNZxFl_mLLvkwcmNfx6HARW0QMd6NUCjuWrazEH3L20V_HhtH2Fb9_hCQyk-2GN7Hxh8sU7cjZu9cpOy-VyZTroF46aCy8kNRO7LcGTDyL-awACKtwrHchB7PhyQHvQjMPcX-/s1600/Sami+coastal+Norway.+1930s+taken+by+Andreas+Moe+eller+Sigrid+Moe.+Photo+owner+is+Flickr+Trondheim+Byarkiv%252C+2010.jpg" target="_blank" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 303px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiGsM02c3xNZxFl_mLLvkwcmNfx6HARW0QMd6NUCjuWrazEH3L20V_HhtH2Fb9_hCQyk-2GN7Hxh8sU7cjZu9cpOy-VyZTroF46aCy8kNRO7LcGTDyL-awACKtwrHchB7PhyQHvQjMPcX-/s400/Sami+coastal+Norway.+1930s+taken+by+Andreas+Moe+eller+Sigrid+Moe.+Photo+owner+is+Flickr+Trondheim+Byarkiv%252C+2010.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5649988694508065826" /></a></center> <span class="Apple-style-span">Coastal Sami men in Norway. 1930s. Kystsamer i Norge i 1930-årene. Photo by Andreas Moe eller Sigrid Moe. Flickr Photo by Trondheim Byarkiv, 2010. Klikk på bildene for større format. </span><div><br /><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /><span><a href="http://saamiblog.blogspot.com/2008/08/sea-saami-and-boat-building-sjsamer-og.html" target="'_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b>Sea Saami and Boat building - Sjøsamer og båtbygging</b></span></a></span><br /><div><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUU1e10rsa1rmCNFCQhdFctV3bLzRZmoVrUgQS6LGrBgvrfklMeX6fExfAWJZRc9gk2yFRB7crRfkMD92bLguomwKpg39FK0vWuFmAF0RkCvta8gXrAu8RSvUw3D9WAlXhKQKgtQ4eQO71/s1600/B%25C3%25A5ter+i+Vard%25C3%25B8+havn.+NMFF.002141.+Foto+av+Ellisif+Wessel.++Flickr+Photo+av+Perus+Museum%252C+2010.jpg" target="_blank" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 292px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUU1e10rsa1rmCNFCQhdFctV3bLzRZmoVrUgQS6LGrBgvrfklMeX6fExfAWJZRc9gk2yFRB7crRfkMD92bLguomwKpg39FK0vWuFmAF0RkCvta8gXrAu8RSvUw3D9WAlXhKQKgtQ4eQO71/s400/B%25C3%25A5ter+i+Vard%25C3%25B8+havn.+NMFF.002141.+Foto+av+Ellisif+Wessel.++Flickr+Photo+av+Perus+Museum%252C+2010.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5649989783112073346" /></a></center></div> <span class="Apple-style-span">Boats in Vardø harbor, Finnmark in Norway. Båter i Vardø havn. NMFF.002141. Foto av Ellisif Wessel. Ca. århundreskiftet 1800-1900. Flickr Photo av Preus Museum, 2010.</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgspkO0jWSiJnvcXD8iHf4tVNq4nde0HJjDkOJhN5aXqQUNxZ4whkERuVLeK9TUNUIOyx8RomGzq08geYMalaQavFYVf-R1FItnVNzEVKfXxk5XK_h0AOMP_O5d8a8ABGMa8spWYq7LIwo/s1600/Samiske+menn+i+kofter+og+en+kvinne+agner+liner+p%25C3%25A5+brygga+i+Kiberg%252C+Nord-Varanger.+NMFF.002145.+Foto+av+Ellisif+Wessel.++Flickr+Photo+av+Perus+Museum%252C+2010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank""><img border="0" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBVaSNXkpy9HDDErldnaI18Kv53tPluMqod21KV-KEDFXGYIazsAi2bpl5Y44PFlouMXoTUeKIYTxztnFwD3lZhU0PXhBRRubHxh_YyKkkIPbCzrxPfQ1wy_e9E62QxsZJIDn8oHSdEj0/s400/Samiske+menn+i+kofter+og+en+kvinne+agner+liner+p%25C3%25A5+brygga+i+Kiberg%252C+Nord-Varanger.+NMFF.002145.+Foto+av+Ellisif+Wessel.++Flickr+Photo+av+Perus+Museum%252C+2010+-+Kopi.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span">Sami people in "gakti" (i.e. traditional Sami outfit) are baiting a longline at the quay in Kiberg, Finnmark in Norway. Samiske folk i gakti eller kofter agner liner på brygga i Kiberg, Nord-Varanger. NMFF.002145. Foto av Ellisif Wessel ca. århundreskiftet 1800-1900. Flickr Photo av Preus Museum, 2010. Klikk på bildet for å se hele.</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaWvKe2h9OqUxz-2eYa2-7cs9QGamdxLLuyVAlp6ce0JMd2vCUdULjd7XNUhNATtIvTtyycAFmtGkTw_f_VoaRx7P5BVwTBJ3soh9SJ0vfj80nuWy_DhBUXocDazkZRxWfv3tAnUuAXkM/s1600/to+b%25C3%25A5ter+og+en+mann+i+Gr.+Jacobselv+-+Dimianoff.+Russisk+same.+NMFF.002112.+Foto+av+Ellisif+Wessel.++Flickr+Photo+av+Perus+Museum%252C+2010.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank""><img border="0" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaWvKe2h9OqUxz-2eYa2-7cs9QGamdxLLuyVAlp6ce0JMd2vCUdULjd7XNUhNATtIvTtyycAFmtGkTw_f_VoaRx7P5BVwTBJ3soh9SJ0vfj80nuWy_DhBUXocDazkZRxWfv3tAnUuAXkM/s400/to+b%25C3%25A5ter+og+en+mann+i+Gr.+Jacobselv+-+Dimianoff.+Russisk+same.+NMFF.002112.+Foto+av+Ellisif+Wessel.++Flickr+Photo+av+Perus+Museum%252C+2010.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span">Two boats and a man in Grense Jacobselv - Dimianoff. This is on the Russian side of the border. This kind of boat was built by the Sami in the Russian areas. To båter og en mann i Grense Jacobselv - Dimianoff. På russisk side. Dette er en type båt som ble bygd av samene i de russiske områdene. NMFF.002112. Foto av Ellisif Wessel, ca. århundreskiftet 1800-1900. Flickr Photo av Preus Museum, 2010.</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDt2fgPO9hbfg8VIaZUXvPuSQYgL2t8fxU9TRuWTPZWCiNnkksORJdb7zWiZKXpeH-LJWh0c_vnRy_FaDLbBg34nCeKQnAOfxmBJcSESYIsmGRp_k3ssRJVFI7Ze2GxzTyT8Lls6DqeZI/s1600/Coastal+Sami+fur+trader+Norway.+1930s+taken+by+Andreas+Moe+eller+Sigrid+Moe.+Photo+owner+is+Flickr+Trondheim+Byarkiv%252C+2010.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank""><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDt2fgPO9hbfg8VIaZUXvPuSQYgL2t8fxU9TRuWTPZWCiNnkksORJdb7zWiZKXpeH-LJWh0c_vnRy_FaDLbBg34nCeKQnAOfxmBJcSESYIsmGRp_k3ssRJVFI7Ze2GxzTyT8Lls6DqeZI/s400/Coastal+Sami+fur+trader+Norway.+1930s+taken+by+Andreas+Moe+eller+Sigrid+Moe.+Photo+owner+is+Flickr+Trondheim+Byarkiv%252C+2010.jpg" width="308" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span">Coastal Sami fur trader, Norway in the 1930s. Kystsamisk pelsselger i Norge i 1930-årene. Foto av Andreas Moe eller Sigrid Moe. Flickr photo by Trondheim Byarkiv, 2010.</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_hWXXl-JhWO2_DGBfO0FKkcjJJGXPhyVPkY4hQFRb3uPDkTCA7z82RZjXqkp2w2hvhQQFg4fNDIUn8dRj_iEJ7_K-K3qRNZJtCrNaYS64oqlIydw5uSCgqPKF-w-VT9nLrd4SnzMmV-Y/s1600/Coastal+Sami+Norway.+1930s+taken+by+Andreas+Moe+eller+Sigrid+Moe.+Photo+owner+is+Flickr+Trondheim+Byarkiv%252C+2010.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank""><img border="0" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkQ8-R5W6BGCqKzYYn3JH3tAYgR-DpGOnUO2skvjDYuEZUHzaE7yoznZofw1nC-vV2gGDviF2uLNg-gcqRqqZGsOL_I7ZCZyMz4zvXCy6oMHbeSV1LinkGi6X_ugNBmiV1XDpQz7NqE_Q/s400/Coastal+Sami+Norway.+1930s+taken+by+Andreas+Moe+eller+Sigrid+Moe.+Photo+owner+is+Flickr+Trondheim+Byarkiv%252C+2010+-+Kopi.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span">Coastal Sami Norway in the 1930s. Kystsamer i Norge i 1930-årene. Foto by Andreas Moe eller Sigrid Moe. Photo owner is Flickr Trondheim Byarkiv, 2010. Klikk på bildet for å se hele.</span><div><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMR6KvLQv-jDLv6hicak7hIUXMWoQ1LVhnU1EsRvLMQqJD_lL2GMBFVmzI_TeGGJjbFyObxHoUtPEXaldeb4X-DrRNUBL7L9DwB37DAczr3194dM-JCW5B0JAoxLq2C7wZtalKCuWV2jlv/s1600/Portrett+av+Marit+Banne+med+datteren+Inga.+Ca.+1897.+NMFF.002159.+Preus+museum%252C+2010.jpg" target="_blank" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 289px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMR6KvLQv-jDLv6hicak7hIUXMWoQ1LVhnU1EsRvLMQqJD_lL2GMBFVmzI_TeGGJjbFyObxHoUtPEXaldeb4X-DrRNUBL7L9DwB37DAczr3194dM-JCW5B0JAoxLq2C7wZtalKCuWV2jlv/s400/Portrett+av+Marit+Banne+med+datteren+Inga.+Ca.+1897.+NMFF.002159.+Preus+museum%252C+2010.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5649642581797008434" /></a></center> <span class="Apple-style-span"><small>Marit Banne with her child Inga from Sør-Varanger in Norway. About 1897. Portrett av Marit Banne med datteren Inga fra ca. 1897. Fra Sør-Varanger i Norge. NMFF.002159. Foto av Ellisif Wessel. Flickr Photo by Preus museum, 2010.</small><br /></span><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRs21gfbecVBDImbjfXjymzK-ckew6M1PrTDFxT8m-FrFFxlG3Whn1v7FflmD-S339cafTYwAGStG_BA2ltRjANmsmuENEriKBcHvFjYzmRWp6Y-ravaMmKHaZY9dINOGb3Wgw5_L1GXfg/s1600/Samisk+kvinne+i+kofte+Catwalk%252C+fashion+and+costumes+from+S%25C3%25A1pmi.+Samefolkets+dag.+Flickr+-+Photo+av+Per+Ivar+Somby%252C+2011.jpg" target="_blank" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 133px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRs21gfbecVBDImbjfXjymzK-ckew6M1PrTDFxT8m-FrFFxlG3Whn1v7FflmD-S339cafTYwAGStG_BA2ltRjANmsmuENEriKBcHvFjYzmRWp6Y-ravaMmKHaZY9dINOGb3Wgw5_L1GXfg/s200/Samisk+kvinne+i+kofte+Catwalk%252C+fashion+and+costumes+from+S%25C3%25A1pmi.+Samefolkets+dag.+Flickr+-+Photo+av+Per+Ivar+Somby%252C+2011.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5649630029657745026" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBUQArGcqPC3bsYg6XTEuThNLzPxkbdnsmaCnqvd2NQg6KADAfLoE7BSDpg5oVptKBlhMppLmj4_8vbDQxkLjICj9CKLTNiFzQ2CxXweqbZly-fdC5QAAOZpxA5CjrQSnrJn0pO1nQkp1e/s1600/Samisk+sjal+Catwalk%252C+fashion+and+costumes+from+S%25C3%25A1pmi.+Samefolkets+dag.+Flickr+-+Photo+av+Per+Ivar+Somby%252C+2011.jpg" target="_blank" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 120px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBUQArGcqPC3bsYg6XTEuThNLzPxkbdnsmaCnqvd2NQg6KADAfLoE7BSDpg5oVptKBlhMppLmj4_8vbDQxkLjICj9CKLTNiFzQ2CxXweqbZly-fdC5QAAOZpxA5CjrQSnrJn0pO1nQkp1e/s200/Samisk+sjal+Catwalk%252C+fashion+and+costumes+from+S%25C3%25A1pmi.+Samefolkets+dag.+Flickr+-+Photo+av+Per+Ivar+Somby%252C+2011.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5649630533109698690" /></a><div></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCsNSBL33RYXuv1-Z2W5OQiiELntbCJVgzEMuFPqkywig2n0flao5iiaQvGzWJEdWYZmVpynUDGW_AqyfyLLyd7zyJ9lec1KjxpuLE4LbPNQloHgjGtQY40Cu1yprYhh_cxoDd6HP5DOEg/s1600/samisk+luhkka+eller+poncho.+Samefolkets+dag+i+Troms%25C3%25B8.+Flickr+Photo+av+Per+Ivar+Somby%252C+2011.jpg" target="_blank" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 138px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCsNSBL33RYXuv1-Z2W5OQiiELntbCJVgzEMuFPqkywig2n0flao5iiaQvGzWJEdWYZmVpynUDGW_AqyfyLLyd7zyJ9lec1KjxpuLE4LbPNQloHgjGtQY40Cu1yprYhh_cxoDd6HP5DOEg/s200/samisk+luhkka+eller+poncho.+Samefolkets+dag+i+Troms%25C3%25B8.+Flickr+Photo+av+Per+Ivar+Somby%252C+2011.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5649631135116266274" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoO9cA-WiOVU5HUt7Xhahl10GpjNSnMUrCoCGZsrjHL84XxeN8YKqiu5l59yMef6vhEZtTW_ftQRPdO_9wJ-dyuC5yGx6oKObUIW4F_g3jP-MnxWfywUohu6pjyc8tv30zMrdb50dK-aBf/s1600/Samisk+kofter+Catwalk%252C+fashion+and+costumes+from+S%25C3%25A1pmi.+Samefolkets+dag.+Flickr+-+Photo+av+Per+Ivar+Somby%252C+2011.jpg" target="_blank" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 128px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoO9cA-WiOVU5HUt7Xhahl10GpjNSnMUrCoCGZsrjHL84XxeN8YKqiu5l59yMef6vhEZtTW_ftQRPdO_9wJ-dyuC5yGx6oKObUIW4F_g3jP-MnxWfywUohu6pjyc8tv30zMrdb50dK-aBf/s200/Samisk+kofter+Catwalk%252C+fashion+and+costumes+from+S%25C3%25A1pmi.+Samefolkets+dag.+Flickr+-+Photo+av+Per+Ivar+Somby%252C+2011.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5649631402207109058" /></a></center><span class="Apple-style-span">Foto av Per-Ivar Somby, 2011. Samiske kofter Catwalk, fashion and costumes from Sápmi: 1) Sami Gakti with shawl. Samisk kofte med sjal. 2) Woven Sami shawl in wool. Vevd samisk ullsjal. 3) Samisk luhkka/ poncho. Samefolkets dag. 4) Samekofter/ Sami gakti i.e traditional sami clothing. Flickr Photo by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/perivar/sets/72157625866899365/with/5423390408/" target="_blank"">Per-Ivar Somby</a>, 2011.</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFQfDxC0-BboV3W-5VwZBjb08MacLdWk-OvqIKOaDCi3kI3QV7Q6pWtxvT79VooXZ1-kbRkMdupMl3EhVnupvwvVyCSFP0SsWjGGQBXyrjH0YIJeNd5KiSFDZUI7uRNG2pdNo1-NfPHJQ/s1600/Samisk+kofte+Catwalk%252C+fashion+and+costumes+from+S%25C3%25A1pmi.+Samefolkets+dag.+Flickr+-+Photo+av+Per+Ivar+Somby%252C+2011.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank""><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFQfDxC0-BboV3W-5VwZBjb08MacLdWk-OvqIKOaDCi3kI3QV7Q6pWtxvT79VooXZ1-kbRkMdupMl3EhVnupvwvVyCSFP0SsWjGGQBXyrjH0YIJeNd5KiSFDZUI7uRNG2pdNo1-NfPHJQ/s400/Samisk+kofte+Catwalk%252C+fashion+and+costumes+from+S%25C3%25A1pmi.+Samefolkets+dag.+Flickr+-+Photo+av+Per+Ivar+Somby%252C+2011.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span">Foto av Per-Ivar Somby, 2011. Samisk kofte. Sami gakti. </span></div></span></div></div><div><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 339px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp2pXpQidlpsdvXNnCElPgrObCXQEF3XLO5bCSc431-cAJQM0yLegTGC6zVGJJDkCMasQsQWNDedXvPSmGn39ih5HKpJmFFTch4zB_3NcnT-oYbMucnkI1g2CarTgsMIk323OmlyLoWdGa/s400/9935123_92e8926a92_o.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5651841043327419282" />Swedish Sami. Svensk same. Flickr Photo by John Boyd (Taisau), 2004. <div><br /><center><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpQehLLh-Cu2S0bqpB2NhVHYKBXYSqu2smAL1PmjBWyjq3GurqTWK103mlWTnTBDzzXEqv5fa6cOaH0Cwww0RSbDj7MjkB046ZrRuQ9pCUw94Kl5NlkHYr05B80F8hd_kg3pJoHihfyFxB/s400/livreima.+samisk+belte+laget+til+John+Monsen+av+kvinne+i+Alta.+Photo+by+Ingen+Grenser%252C+2009.jpg" width="400" /> </center> Livreima. Samisk belte laget til John Monsen. Sami belt made for John Monsen. Photo by Ingen Grenser, 2009.<br /><center><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJp_5YV4LXrjY2fjT758sOrQs1HeZHa_3jEsmkstSXqDHRVfsldP43uIKMGYwfCTG6EnBichNMMdVwuGfo5hkVRoAMRPLVwHrCQyULA4bcU2Ikkh6lGgsgBaWE0JinmzJbvrr6_qpDDMOD/s640/Traditional+Sami+clothing+in+Sweden.+Flickr+foto+by+taisau%252C+2004.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="416" /></center>Traditonal Sami Clothing in Sweden. Tradisjonelle samiske klær i Sverige. Photo by taisau, 2004.</div>Saamibloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03176222359685589743noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-58515218798179219022011-04-08T21:43:00.008+02:002011-04-09T22:24:41.263+02:00Inga Juuso & Steinar Raknes - Joik and Jazz<img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 374px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF0XJ-9I-OgrjmyJmwQRiv17vA9Fw0_N_K6WBYza83Kp7SocffArGy7RO4La_YCfUD6AbCzChRWiEP1QhWZB7YGVb_yt8i7wnbaNrnpcsjpqU8lGaO7nJ7n9vaOXo3-Ul2AH5uC7EwVuRq/s400/Skaidi.+Inga+Juuso+og+Steinar+Raknes.+Flickr+photo+by+Patrick+O.+Caritas%252C+2008.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5593681855083767250" /> Flickr Photo by Patrick O. Caritas, 2008 of Skáidi: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/o_caritas/2947961894/in/photostream/" target=_blank">Inga Juuso (Joik) & Steinar Raknes (Jazz)</a><br /><br /><iframe title="YouTube video player" width="450" height="300" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/qHQ-KZadzTA?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Saamibloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03176222359685589743noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-23797047956951372892011-03-07T23:59:00.009+01:002011-03-08T02:01:15.250+01:00Reinbeitekommisjonen 1913 & Old photos - Gamle foto & An old book - En gammel bok<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM4AMMxtM-h3V8xlj6RVXBFHwvg6i4xTDx8F8WhOvko1_QqrQB125dllhY86rZ4C8VEH2uGXApWirxJQ2OmUIKE13Ilt6TBx6Zhoy5lpQUJLZ4dC2WzlE3gk7P_WZUhU38aYiV20-4lCJ6/s1600/5491364485_a72c0dda02_o.jpg" target="_blank""><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 291px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM4AMMxtM-h3V8xlj6RVXBFHwvg6i4xTDx8F8WhOvko1_QqrQB125dllhY86rZ4C8VEH2uGXApWirxJQ2OmUIKE13Ilt6TBx6Zhoy5lpQUJLZ4dC2WzlE3gk7P_WZUhU38aYiV20-4lCJ6/s400/5491364485_a72c0dda02_o.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5581481975384812338" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span">Reindeer herder "Lago" in Rievsatvagge, Troms, Norway. Reinsdyrgjeter "Lago" i Rievsatvagge, Troms fylke i Norge. Photo by Fil. dr. J.E. Rosberg, professor ved Helsingfors Universitetet. 29 August 1915. Flickr photo by Riksarkivet (National Archives of Norway). </span><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6DJgk_kiYwckqRmkHXPU74YNZXXXMf9PBRFb8cgULKU1iY8gbv6WqdgrR3W13CyXcdqfiQLyAQalWChywVyVjfsqc3si9hEjiaPgcxkhewC8olW54IyWjkXf_LzcI9eUocbLYSxll15vQ/s1600/5491365171_dd3af7c2f2_o.jpg" target="_blank""><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 242px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6DJgk_kiYwckqRmkHXPU74YNZXXXMf9PBRFb8cgULKU1iY8gbv6WqdgrR3W13CyXcdqfiQLyAQalWChywVyVjfsqc3si9hEjiaPgcxkhewC8olW54IyWjkXf_LzcI9eUocbLYSxll15vQ/s400/5491365171_dd3af7c2f2_o.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5581480761495347314" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span">Timbered houses and a Sami man in Rokkomborre and two mountains east of Vaggadak, Troms county, Norway. Tømmer hus og en samisk mann som går langs veien i Rokkomborre, og to fjell øst for Vaggadak, Troms, Norge. Photo by Konrad Nielsen, 25 May 1914. Flickr photo by Riksarkivet (National Archives of Norway).</span><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://arkivverket.no/arkivverket/Bruk-av-arkiv/Nettutstillinger/Fotografier-i-Riksarkivet/Reinbeitekommisjonen-av-1913-S-1709" target="_blank""><span class="Apple-style-span">Reinbeitekommisjonen av 1913</span></a><br /><br /><div><br /><span class="Apple-style-span">En bok på svensk som kan lastes ned: <a href="http://www.lenvik-museum.no/meny5/Digitaleboeker/De_svenska_nomadlapperna_250807_blaa.pdf" target="_blank"">De svenska Nomadlapparnas flyttingar till Norge i äldre och i nyare tid</a> av K. B. Wiklund, 1908.</span><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNmJFpd9QaoCm7aY6hLbP71CZBT8IL89hrrajdsGzsGG3Gx6ceQUnsK3h0VeXUl3FBreSgzqTF_PEHOX6u5Ye_52g5aKy_F3aB-fsdHYcmARpjEvexvDNuVT_-_HVW27rJmCR0tyKP4PoO/s1600/5491957822_c1b263cdf7_o.jpg" target="_blank""><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 244px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNmJFpd9QaoCm7aY6hLbP71CZBT8IL89hrrajdsGzsGG3Gx6ceQUnsK3h0VeXUl3FBreSgzqTF_PEHOX6u5Ye_52g5aKy_F3aB-fsdHYcmARpjEvexvDNuVT_-_HVW27rJmCR0tyKP4PoO/s400/5491957822_c1b263cdf7_o.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5581478810924841458" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span">Turf hut - Gamme - Rostadalen, Rosta - Troms county, Norge- Norway. Sætermogammen. 20 May 1915. Photo P. Lorenz Smith. Flickr photo by Riksarkivet (National Archives of Norway).</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0fztOqJIM4wHkz_e030-hxciT_8Bm8FMI6aAYPOLafkKS1YWkIp4VZsNKCTiKfD4dgPyOX8wzyRSpXwrbKL5SK6RYx9hS2WhUdFzcBDejPs7agZWorQ30o_RdMdKf-cFJZXeTjm2jvwSK/s1600/5491958468_16d827daff_o.jpg" target="_blank""><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 257px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0fztOqJIM4wHkz_e030-hxciT_8Bm8FMI6aAYPOLafkKS1YWkIp4VZsNKCTiKfD4dgPyOX8wzyRSpXwrbKL5SK6RYx9hS2WhUdFzcBDejPs7agZWorQ30o_RdMdKf-cFJZXeTjm2jvwSK/s400/5491958468_16d827daff_o.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5581476849282151922" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span">Nordlands boat, people and landscape. Nordlandsbåt, folk og landskap i Njallevarre, Kjosbotn & Lyngseidet, Troms county, Norway - Norge. 13 May 1914. Photo by Fil. dr. Gunnar Ekman, docent ved Helsingfors Universitetet. Flickr photo by Riksarkivet (National Archives of Norway). </span></div>Saamibloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03176222359685589743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-60526657930796482952011-01-30T16:39:00.014+01:002011-03-08T23:52:32.107+01:00Lexicon Lapponicum (1780): "Saiwa Muora" - Yggdrasil & Nordisk Mytologi / Nordic Mythology<center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwGVRDSbMYZ6s-wKIjnJeiq6-2FUAVlrYDav7fpK9-PSMgX5HalGCV3Sp4OGgbKsUde3i_s4DYC_VvKw76Q-glFwbIceVN_F0Dm0el4ogXJV9rRV9M623GMiWG7DgLORr-FdYbG4Uqq6gI/s1600/Yggdrasil+holy+tree+Nordic+Mythology.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 276px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwGVRDSbMYZ6s-wKIjnJeiq6-2FUAVlrYDav7fpK9-PSMgX5HalGCV3Sp4OGgbKsUde3i_s4DYC_VvKw76Q-glFwbIceVN_F0Dm0el4ogXJV9rRV9M623GMiWG7DgLORr-FdYbG4Uqq6gI/s400/Yggdrasil+holy+tree+Nordic+Mythology.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568002847788479314" /></a></center> <small>Yggdrasil. Et hellig tre i Nordisk mytologi. The mundane tree or a holy tree in Nordic mythology.</small><br /><br />"Saiwa Moura" (Sámi) = "Holy tree" (English) is a tree that has been cultivated. Saiwa muora is historically a holy tree of the Sami people and another mythological tree in the Nordic is called "Yggdrasil. Is Saiwa Muora and Yggdrasil the same tree or are there several similar ancient mythologies in the Nordic?<br /><br />"Saiwa Muora" (Sámi) = "Hellig tre" (norsk), det er et tre som er dyrket. Saiwa Muora er tilbake i historien et hellig tre for det samiske folket og et annet mytologisk tre i norden kalles "Yggdrasil". Er Saiwa Muora og Yggdrasil det samme treet eller er det flere liknende eldgamle mytologier i Norden?<br /><center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZND-tp4RxVivk1TWiyqYB3KeMi56w1RmmX2sRcvtIQaFbEhzRD291aGSaHlmLzd_DfENr-aDOgkE4a4H4M-6yt5CkC0YdZL5afP26uLWVB4UOWbDSE6XJutzDD63krt_Jg6e-2bzE1i99/s1600/1+lexiconlapponic00ihregoog_0477.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 311px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZND-tp4RxVivk1TWiyqYB3KeMi56w1RmmX2sRcvtIQaFbEhzRD291aGSaHlmLzd_DfENr-aDOgkE4a4H4M-6yt5CkC0YdZL5afP26uLWVB4UOWbDSE6XJutzDD63krt_Jg6e-2bzE1i99/s400/1+lexiconlapponic00ihregoog_0477.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5581844161695048418" /></a></center>"Saiw and Saiwa" means "Holy": Lexicon Lapponicum by Erico Lindahl and Johanne Öhrling, 1780.<br /><br /><div>Page 477. “Saiw” or “Saiwa” means “holy”. "Saiwa ware" means "Holy Mountain". "Saiwa kedke" means "Holy stone". "Saiwa jaure" means "holy lake". "Saiwa muora" means "Holy tree" or "a tree that has been cultivated". "Saiwa quele" means "a holy fish" or "a fish that has a religious meaning". All meaning of "Saiwa kedke" is not translated from Latin. The last word mentioned on this page is "Saka".<br /><br /></div><div>The meaning of these Sami words have changed over time and in the most frequently spoken dialect (i.e. Northern Sami) at present time, the old meanings are more or less lost. However, the word "holy" is still somewhat similar i.e. between the Lule Sami dialect as it is spoken at present and the word "Saiwa" as it is written in Lexicon Lapponicum (1780). According to an informant <a href="http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikko_Korhonen" target="_blank"">Mikko Korhonen</a> have written that the presently used word "Sájvva" in the Lulesami dialect means "Holy lake or holy mountain" (only for places related to religious offerings).<br /><br />Side 477: “Saiw” eller “Saiwa” betyr “hellig”. Saiwa ware" betyr "Hellig fjell". "Saiwa kedke" betyr "Hellig stein". "Saiwa jaure" betyr "Hellig innsjø". "Saiwa muora" betyr "Hellig tre" eller "et tre som er kulivert". "Saiwa quele" betyr "en hellig fisk" eller “en fisk som har religiøs betydning". Hele betydningen av "Saiwa kedke" er ikke oversatt fra Latin. Det sist nevnte ordet på denne siden er “Saka”.<br /><br />Betydningen av disse samiske ordene har endret seg over tid og i den mest talte dialekten på samisk (dvs. nordsamisk) så er den gamle betydningen mer eller mindre gått tapt. Men i følge en kontakt så er betydningen "hellig" nokså lik mellom nåtidens Lulesamiske dialekt og ordet "Saiwa" slik det nevnes i Lexicon Lapponicum (1780). I følge denne informanten så skriver <a href="http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikko_Korhonen" target="_blank"">Mikko Korhonen</a> at det Lulesamiske ordet "Sájvva" også i dag betyr "Hellig innsjø eller hellig fjell", men da kun i forhold til plasser som er tilknyttet religiøse ofringer.</div><div><br /><center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAhgpQ9qHLYu-cLq9g-WxbOfUE6TpsGuGX7mjyvZp-nRsLrSRf1vc8oRHHtzQh_fMqqz1HYwR1Ss7YvI67AjQVG5etUigDPoftXma_yEruG2uSQjlnD2u3YZhDZWqDLwwvR5QaO8Z6UtjC/s1600/Nidhogg+nagar++public.png" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 127px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAhgpQ9qHLYu-cLq9g-WxbOfUE6TpsGuGX7mjyvZp-nRsLrSRf1vc8oRHHtzQh_fMqqz1HYwR1Ss7YvI67AjQVG5etUigDPoftXma_yEruG2uSQjlnD2u3YZhDZWqDLwwvR5QaO8Z6UtjC/s400/Nidhogg+nagar++public.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568015929453699586" /></a></center> <small> Related to <a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Grimnesm%C3%A5l" target="_blank"">Yggdrasil</a> is the worshipping of reptiles, the depicted reptile is called Nidhogg Nagar. It is observed that the Sami people were reptile worshippers. Old texts and parts of the depicted cosmology on the Sami Noaide drums show that the Sami people worshipped repitiles (e.g. crocodiles and snakes) until the 19th century. The picture shows the dragon Niðhöggr Nagar gnawing the roots of Yggdrasil. From 17th century Icelandic manuscript AM 738 4to, now in the care of the Árni Magnússon Institute in Iceland.<br /><br />Relatert til <a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Grimnesm%C3%A5l" target="_blank"">Yggdrasil</a> er tilbedelsen av reptiler, reptilen i bildet kalles Nidhogg Nagar. Det er observert at samene var tilbedere av reptiler til det 19. århundre. I gamle tekster og som en del av kosmologien slik den er avbildet på samenes Noaide trommer viser at de tilba reptiler (for eksempel krokodiller og slanger). Bildet viser Nidhogg Nagar som gnager på roten til Yggdrasil, bildet er fra et Islands manuskript fra 1600-tallet AM 738 4to som nå eies av Árni Magnússon Instituttet. </small></div><div></div><div></div><div><center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/3764050662/in/set-72157620525119989/" target="_blank"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 278px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDRmPs8JQXI2CQLpeJpIHkai9vajAY5eIvoo0_PRVAuzUJZnaKO1D0fL-v4wFk4ASV49CdRBjjInz4VMy2WogAD8SwkhHzcOMBy6znt72ufC4oiheKtDW8KEf4aElM76QZtIzVYqcjGkvE/s400/001111+Sami+drum+from+russian+lapland+published+rae+1881.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568023267118839618" /></a></center> A Crocodile and a snake on a Sami drum from Russian Lapland, published by E. Rae in the late 1800's (click on the picture). There are similar symbols on other <a href="http://old.no/samidrum/" target="_blank"">Old Sami drums</a> in the link. The generalization in this site of northern drums not having sun-crosses as the central symbol of the drum head is erroneous. The Priest and author Knud Leem in the early 1700’s depicted several northern Sami drums with sun-crosses in Finnmark, Norway and there is additional one drum with a sun-cross exhibited at the Museum in Rovaniemi in Finland.<br /><br /></div><div>En krokodille og en slange på en samisk tromme fra Russisk Lapland som ble publisert av E. Rae på slutten av 1800-tallet (klikk på bildet). Man kan se liknende symboler på flere andre <a href="http://old.no/samidrum/" target="_blank"">gamle samiske trommer</a> i lenken. Generaliseringen som gjøres på dette nettstedet om at nordsamiske trommer (runebommer) ikke har solkors som det sentrale symbolet på trommeskinnet er feilaktig. For eksempel så har Knud Leem på begynnelsen av 1700-tallet avbildet flere nordsamiske trommer med solkors fra Finnmark og det finnes også en med solkors på museum i Rovaniemi, Finland.<br /></div><div></div><div><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px; "><b>Lexicon Lapponicum by Erico Lindahl and Johanne Öhrling, 1780. </b></span></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvKmp7JE8kVv2zR3Pkfl2E1zdUUb7ciH17hOAahBNNVsghQwPnn8UrE-W5u6qDgHgB0Q5dYxyfVASIUx0hgToJy5fBpoRd5fiQdqLnfUEZ61Z_QPweWvqur3eRgvANJT4RGMWQpwe-db4L/s1600/1+lexiconlapponic00ihregoog_0006.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 314px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvKmp7JE8kVv2zR3Pkfl2E1zdUUb7ciH17hOAahBNNVsghQwPnn8UrE-W5u6qDgHgB0Q5dYxyfVASIUx0hgToJy5fBpoRd5fiQdqLnfUEZ61Z_QPweWvqur3eRgvANJT4RGMWQpwe-db4L/s400/1+lexiconlapponic00ihregoog_0006.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5581844945610884690" /></a><br /><br /><br /><b><span class="Apple-style-span">"Lapp" = "Lap" = "Lapa"= "Fenn"</span></b><br /><center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSaJnVN22MIija70mVsqKjl6kxXzPetZvQv_S6hEw5unLfh70eDvxgWnyY1PMHFlS8yJXwJ3F-6lfCItq1BeX3sm0V3ycUBAj6us9YUOAiIkLoHEdCsYnkYrCFtf5ZI8wwHn_tdLaaaeqA/s1600/1+lexiconlapponic00ihregoog_0288.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 302px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSaJnVN22MIija70mVsqKjl6kxXzPetZvQv_S6hEw5unLfh70eDvxgWnyY1PMHFlS8yJXwJ3F-6lfCItq1BeX3sm0V3ycUBAj6us9YUOAiIkLoHEdCsYnkYrCFtf5ZI8wwHn_tdLaaaeqA/s400/1+lexiconlapponic00ihregoog_0288.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5581843923940399426" /></a><br /></center>Saamibloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03176222359685589743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-25703699606724590932011-01-30T16:07:00.028+01:002011-06-03T14:31:25.404+02:00Pontoppidan (1753) and Part of the Book: "The History of Lapland" by Johannes Scheffer, 1674<div><center><a title="View Johannes Scheffer 1674 History of Lapland 1 on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/47434189/Johannes-Scheffer-1674-History-of-Lapland-1" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">Johannes Scheffer 1674 History of Lapland 1</a> <iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/47434189/content?view_mode=list&start_page=1&access_key=key-1v9b4zwbva0dh6pxz874&" height="500" ratio="" scrolling="no" width="100%" frameborder="0" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "></iframe> </center></div><div>Link til Nasjonalbiblioteket, Norge /Link to the National Library of Norway: <a href="http://www.nb.no/utlevering/nb/2a8749b45f3ddf4835d99b64b2dd1c9c" target="_blank">The history of Lapland</a>. First published in Latin with the</div><div>title “Lapponia” by Johannes Schefferus.</div><div><br /></div><div>Denne boken er oversatt fra latin til svensk av Henrik Sundin i 1956, tittelen er: "Johannes Schefferus Lappland". Utgiver er Ernst Manker. Den finnes online også i en fransk utgave, men den svenske er såvidt jeg vet kun i papirutgave.</div><div><br /></div><div>The book "Lapponica" was published in 1673, more than 100 years after the Christian Lutheran Reformation, which was the start of the colonization and the long lasting oppression of the Nordic Sami people. In this book on page 23 Scheffer for instance tells how the Swedish king <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" target="_blank"><b>Charles IX</b></a> with his ax personally had cut the head of a Sami God. Some of the information in the book is of great value, it is written after and during the period of "Witch-burning- processes" and persecution of the Sami pagan priests. At that time the redefinition of the ownership of the ancient Sami history in the Nordic had already started. It is an interesting fact that this history has still not been reattributed & handed back to the Sami people, nor has the history been reclaimed. The Sami people is a merge between the indigenous people of the Nordic and the later arriving "first Nordic Goths" [i.e. Ases or Asians, ref. 1] that likely came to these areas during the Roman Iron Age. These Ases were likely the pre-christian Romans who where Indo-Europeans, i.e. partly had some Asian and some European origins.</div><div><br /><div>Boken "Lapponica" ble først publisert på Latin i 1673, mer enn 100 år etter den kristne lutheranske reformasjonen, som markerer starten på koloniseringen og den langvarige undertrykkingen av det samiske folket i Norden. På side 23 i denne boken forteller Scheffer for eksempel om hvordan svenskekongen <a href="http://no.winelib.com/wiki/Karl_IX_av_Sverige" target="_blank"><b>Charles IX</b></a> med sin øks personlig kuttet hodet av en av samenes guder. Noe av informasjonen i denne boken har stor verdi, den er skrevet etter og under en periode av “hekse-brenningsprosesser” og forfølgelse av de samiske hedenske prestene. På den tiden hadde omdefineringen av den gamle samiske historien i Norden allerede startet. Et interessant faktum er at denne gamle historien ennå ikke er tilbakeført til samene. Samene i Norden er en fusjon av opprinnelsesbefolkningen i Norden og senere migrasjoner av "de første nordiske Gøter" [dvs. Aser eller Asiater. Ref. 1] som sannsynligvis kom til Norden i løpet av Romersk jernalder. Jeg vil legge til at disse "Aser" mest sannsynlig var de før-kristne Romerne, de var Indo-Europeere, dvs. hadde noe asiatisk og noe europeisk opprinnelse.</div><br /><small></small></div><div><small>[Ref. 1]: Pontoppidan, Erich: "Det første Forsøg paa Norges naturlige Historie." Kiøbenhavn, 1753 (page 356 -357). Roughly translated: The old Northmen was according to the author descendants of the ancient Celts or of Scythian people, people whom at the start of the common era merged with Ases or Asians that had Othin (i.e. Odin) as the highest god, these became the Lapps, Finns or the Finlapps (page 356 - 357). “Lapps, Finns and Finlapps” are all denominations of the Sami people.</small></div><small><br /><div>[Ref. 1]: Pontoppidan, Erich: "Det første Forsøg paa Norges naturlige Historie." Kiøbenhavn, 1753. Fra boken: De gamle nordmenn som han beskriver dem, var ifølge forfatteren enten etterkommere av de gamle Kelter eller Skytiske folk som etter omkring år null blandet seg med Aser eller Asiater som hadde Othin (dvs. Odin) som høyeste gud og disse folkene ble til Lapper, Finner eller Findlapper (s. 356 -357). "Lapper, Finner og Findlapper" er alle gamle benevnelser brukt om samene.</div></small><div><div></div><div></div><center><a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2010-12-12T05:43:00-08:00&max-results=1" target="_blank"" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 275px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlykWtO5zjwB9hsHlrfHQkPu6RjeXMBZACGvQZgDmOc2W34o7OsmgUZkqHztQcRixnH8MQL8waj1w1LYZzIXcpzTVl0IWunf19RmwmhUUDb7s7SOl62gL-ciNQXPb8FeDCs6t1Xfo7Lqfq/s400/Nordic+Laplander+religious+practice+1724+Picart+sm.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5567411139186011106" /></a></center></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"> <small>Samer tilber en av sine før-kristne guddommer, en som sitter på trone med krone på hodet og med en amulett - Mene (Månen) - rundt halsen. Denne illustrasjonen ble også brukt av Johannes Scheffer i 1673, men akkurat denne versjonen ble publisert i et verk om verdens religioner og religiøse skikker i 1724-26. Bernard Picart: “The ceremonies and religious customs of the various nations” (1726). Sami people are worshipping a pagan god with a crown on his head and a amulet called "Mene" (Moon) around his neck. This version of the illustration was published in the referred book by Bernard Picart, however the same illustration was used by Johannes Scheffer in 1673.</small></span></div><div><div></div><div><div><br /></div><div>Read more about the <a href="http://ancient-time.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"">Ancient Time Romans</a> in the linked blog. * The pre-christian Roman Empire = Archaic Roman Empire (earlier than 79 CE). </div><div><br /></div><div></div><div></div><div>I den nettopp oppgitte lenken kan du blant annet lese en artikkel fra 1895 av historikeren Tenney Frank: Historikere i det før-kristne Romerriket rapporterte at over 90 % av de frie borgere i byen Roma (Italia) hadde mer eller mindre orientalsk dvs. Asiatisk opprinnelse. At de var frie vil si at de hadde stemmerett og ikke var slaver. Tenney hadde grundig kjennskap til historien i det arkaiske eller antikkens Roma, Italia. I den refererte artikkelen som omhandler raseblanding i antikkens Romerrike skriver han blant annet om studier med utgangspunkt i flere tusen familienavn som ble brukt av ulike sosiale grupper. "Det arkaiske Romerriket" er det samme som det før-kristne Romerriket før 79 CE. Artikkelen er kun på engelsk.</div><div></div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>THE IRON AGE ASES, People from the pre-christian Roman Empire to the Nordic - Jernalderens Nordiske Aser var folk fra det før-kristne Romerriket</b></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPV2RPxe-0CatfoC2ssMp_eIfktYBYRUTX8kxFLMa-0ikRYiwMuSkRG0J_eIvyhfcjtSwaE7mty2kCdeQ8watojLoYv9xjBtd5BahwJFW81YIE0liK17iB_mlngmuWLZYChyDJT9_ZTZ3Y/s1600/Silver_figure_with_hair_and_silver_figure_with_horse+%25282%2529.jpg" target="_blank"" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 145px; height: 195px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPV2RPxe-0CatfoC2ssMp_eIfktYBYRUTX8kxFLMa-0ikRYiwMuSkRG0J_eIvyhfcjtSwaE7mty2kCdeQ8watojLoYv9xjBtd5BahwJFW81YIE0liK17iB_mlngmuWLZYChyDJT9_ZTZ3Y/s200/Silver_figure_with_hair_and_silver_figure_with_horse+%25282%2529.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5565708764304474914" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN_bQ1xP7wDi0VFmmKrFmVLwA_6VG2-zbN9ypyhLklQTz-5ET7apjUyGJ9x7L0BgGiqefUA3fLnIeCEKu1pyqm0bu60vdxlMEvU3SDHkTX9CT-4sOjDNW0JP0S96lkk1suSBgqNtyHJ3Te/s1600/Grauballemannen1+public+file.jpg" target="_blank"" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 130px; height: 195px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN_bQ1xP7wDi0VFmmKrFmVLwA_6VG2-zbN9ypyhLklQTz-5ET7apjUyGJ9x7L0BgGiqefUA3fLnIeCEKu1pyqm0bu60vdxlMEvU3SDHkTX9CT-4sOjDNW0JP0S96lkk1suSBgqNtyHJ3Te/s200/Grauballemannen1+public+file.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5565708442184063938" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9x_KkXyTWLybzE_xacrnYhzr3MtNgmGZlkClEIjjCgmDJ2F3RAPGxfrTzxNOYQZatAQefhPQBxdWBrXOZK_EIU8z_PDb6-HcehYfMcAzqverF7LwIN_Lnqmokky0xUr233A3Rvf_W5rNR/s1600/Indo+Greek+Buddha+found+at+Helg%25C3%25B6+Sweden+Iron+Age.+cut+from+a+Photo+by+Berig%252C+2008+%25282%2529.jpg" target="_blank"" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 126px; height: 195px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9x_KkXyTWLybzE_xacrnYhzr3MtNgmGZlkClEIjjCgmDJ2F3RAPGxfrTzxNOYQZatAQefhPQBxdWBrXOZK_EIU8z_PDb6-HcehYfMcAzqverF7LwIN_Lnqmokky0xUr233A3Rvf_W5rNR/s200/Indo+Greek+Buddha+found+at+Helg%25C3%25B6+Sweden+Iron+Age.+cut+from+a+Photo+by+Berig%252C+2008+%25282%2529.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5565708643199454578" /></a></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px; ">Photos:</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><small>1) Danmark - Iron Age Silver valkyrie with Asian slanted eyes found in Denmark. Photo by :bloodofox, 2008. The objects are exhibited at the National Museum of Denmark. Valkyrie i sølv med asiatisk utseende funnet i Danmark og den er datert til Nordisk jernalder. Utstilt på nasjonalmuseet i Danmark.</small></span></div><div><small>2) Grauballemannen. Denmark (likely an Ancient Göte) Iron Age Bog man with Asian features. Grauballe is dated to the period between 290 BCE - 50 BCE. Grauballemannen var sannsynligvis en av de gamle Göter i Norden og er funnet i en myr i Danmark. Han er datert til Nordisk jernalder.</small></div><div><small>3) Indo Greek Gandharan style Buddha found at Helgö in Sweden, date: Nordic Iron Age. Detail from a Photo by Berig, 2008. Denne Indoeuropeiske eller Indo-Greske Buddha er i Gandhara stil og er funnet på Helgö i Sverige. Datert til Nordisk jernalder. </small></div><br /><br /><div> <h2>Erich Pontoppidan</h2></div><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Esq6_KV09Jk8VoEODr3kfxIrMDt2ptBodp519Ot2d6ydaoqfY2tYkkPJUtr7klz0qycnwSLiNaw_Avk6ogFajOOCZG7i9Al_pU3pkKXidE_vPLrOhJtaPugeuqIpYYKYBnYlu6ymIEhE/s1600/Pontoppidan+tittel+1753.jpg" target="_blank"" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 158px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Esq6_KV09Jk8VoEODr3kfxIrMDt2ptBodp519Ot2d6ydaoqfY2tYkkPJUtr7klz0qycnwSLiNaw_Avk6ogFajOOCZG7i9Al_pU3pkKXidE_vPLrOhJtaPugeuqIpYYKYBnYlu6ymIEhE/s200/Pontoppidan+tittel+1753.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5567254813153465378" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2b6bu7KznbKsarPHzoSIGohlpQI5Hs35Qa0guOEwWM-54VzN6Rp0908V5s0sXiaivvmTeT1dG-RSzYZ9F-pyAQcbLAjSwkh50TaCo0SHQFyC8bbYlqpZxoZIEkdE5eloocuLk3yvK4TIa/s1600/pontoppidan+1753+Om+den+norske+nasjon+side+356.jpg" target="_blank"" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 158px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2b6bu7KznbKsarPHzoSIGohlpQI5Hs35Qa0guOEwWM-54VzN6Rp0908V5s0sXiaivvmTeT1dG-RSzYZ9F-pyAQcbLAjSwkh50TaCo0SHQFyC8bbYlqpZxoZIEkdE5eloocuLk3yvK4TIa/s200/pontoppidan+1753+Om+den+norske+nasjon+side+356.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5567254667719390146" /></a></center></div><div><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7lhnYVVh-Ysg6Kb3z-FPSoExZCljVBfI86JQxsqb7CU4bR-4f-d4u8TjSl-0Tt4yIxMlYmqjHJUdRjtJVMv1iCLQyqf7ghVdlgAl5F0m6yWtG2fZBSBJhs9QcodQB9ZWxAAQp1STuKe5w/s1600/pontoppidan+1753+Om+den+norske+nasjon+side+357.jpg" target="_blank"" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 160px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7lhnYVVh-Ysg6Kb3z-FPSoExZCljVBfI86JQxsqb7CU4bR-4f-d4u8TjSl-0Tt4yIxMlYmqjHJUdRjtJVMv1iCLQyqf7ghVdlgAl5F0m6yWtG2fZBSBJhs9QcodQB9ZWxAAQp1STuKe5w/s200/pontoppidan+1753+Om+den+norske+nasjon+side+357.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5567254519920743602" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi954Tqy04aE-wzoOpl9Rbq3TRslKwlr5_FRFvDcuOvnam7GREHId_PiQDVSyvCyeLOcQzaNZOEzf4PO2dgN2590FtewTAcPRzo2YVD6KP1jTOiDuhwh4hXPXVKppq0lk4oz95NAaS2Cwqb/s1600/pontoppidan+1753+Om+den+norske+nasjon+side+358.jpg" target="_blank"" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 158px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi954Tqy04aE-wzoOpl9Rbq3TRslKwlr5_FRFvDcuOvnam7GREHId_PiQDVSyvCyeLOcQzaNZOEzf4PO2dgN2590FtewTAcPRzo2YVD6KP1jTOiDuhwh4hXPXVKppq0lk4oz95NAaS2Cwqb/s200/pontoppidan+1753+Om+den+norske+nasjon+side+358.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5567254277405088034" /></a> </center></div><div>Credits to: Norges Nasjonalbiblotek <a href="http://www.nb.no/utlevering/nb/153534cb70179eaef296e3487054f915#" target="_blank"">Del 2. Det første Forsøg paa Norges naturlige Historie: forestillende dette Kongeriges Luft</a> Erich Pontoppidan, 1753. The book is downloadable and no longer copyrighted. Det er mulig å laste ned denne boken i PDF format, den er ikke lengre kopibeskyttet.<br /><br /></div><div><br /><div>Roughly translated from the book by Pontoppidan between pages 356 - 358, my comments are added in brackets:</div><div>The first people in Norway were Celtic or Scythian people<span class="Apple-style-span"> [Celtic is most likely in the perspective of recent knowledge]. Pontoppidan writes that Snorre Sturlasson, Thormodus Torfæus and Jonas Ramus have provided information about the people of origin in the Norwegian nation. He sums up that the first and oldest population of Norway was a people that since a long time ago had been displaced and had retreated and also merged with the many Aser (Ases) or Asians that since the start of the Common Era migrated to Norway. Pontoppidan refers to these first groups of people and the merged people and writes that they without doubt are the same as "the Lapps, Finner and Finlapper" [within Norway these are all old names of the Sami people. </span>Pay attention to the fact that many old sources, including the text of Pontoppidan tells that these first groups of people had partly merged, i.e. the very first Celtic or Scythians, and the later arriving people called Aser or Asians].</div><div><br /><br /><div>Pontoppidan writes that these first people retreated further north, to the mountains, to the mountain range “Kjølen“ [a mountain range between Norway and Sweden] where there are "Lap or Finmarke”<span class="Apple-style-span"> on each side [not the same as the present county called Finnmark, but additionally places in southern areas] .</span></div><div><br /></div><div>[Pontoppidan fails to explain why and by whom these oldest populations were displaced northwards and to the mountainous areas]. He continues: The children of the first Norwegians still lives in the same ways as their ancient ancestor’s e.g. hunting, reindeer herders, in tents etc. About the Ases or Asians he tells that they were displaced from “Pompejum Magnum” [i.e. Pompeii in Italy, an ancient city that drowned is volcanic ash in 79 CE]. Pontoppidan also addresses the people of Finland and Qvænske [Kvener or Kvens] people. He tells that king Nor gave Norway its name and his father “Thore” was the king of Gotland, Finland and Kvenland<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px; ">. </span><div>In other chapters of this old book Pontoppidan writes about the new populations of Norway.</div><div><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Swedish Goth Sami people. Svenske Gøte samiske folk</span><br /><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 138px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj71RS30xTzkWDE8XR8_lZItVSxILjEjWTOHraFICoeQG-fPGi3-2ARLKOdWGy9fdMZYx6TBb1tCy4C-btCmO2JrG8mlgu7yltAuRytsHnv8ybSMcqjdKOcoDplkyl49-qyDF5H17RAXIBv/s200/Portr%25C3%25A4tt_av_Nils_Paulus_Larsson_L%25C3%25A4nta%252C_26_%25C3%25A5r%252C_Sirkas_sameby._Lotten_von_D%25C3%25BCben_1868_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0039040_1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612813554553558546" /> <img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 128px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix_rWcUU4JI-Wg4W30KFL3SG9MjINB6mFbQz76CtJyqgxoRj5mYRbLncjO-VW-HgVeizcCbWcmUbEH5gwBprBXBjrH9mZ2LmoxNz0fKcY6qRMexDNc-iJR6RDnjTRK7Be3h_x2ibmCQb6d/s200/Nils_Granstr%25C3%25B6m_jnior%252C_26_%25C3%25A5r%252C_Tuorpon._Portr%25C3%25A4tt_av_Nils_Nilsson_Granstr%25C3%25B6m_Lotten_von_D%25C3%25BCben_1868_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0033123_1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612813355984639346" /> <img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 118px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx23I8AGtzv5RAuHGxTmoKiHkIujGmeP-BcwcQ1iTdaaJ_zYveL0pzRKFJDK1kEVIp2aUYcoBCdX4pLercRGRyb3LxY6toGudZ1VQXVB8Cg6Y0nIvN8QNMWpvjSVs3Wo1-0xWtZlukURSD/s200/NMA.0033135_1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612813188501477666" /><br /><div></div><br /><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 139px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsDx-auOp2mwnkhO7Ox3-nG1SUmtb2BXUAdbd2d_kkkFGlCEW8-dof3Y7MW3kUFMvrk8k1G97OV8khFerLGBUOOwyNaHQ1E9td4O6OV7WoKfhyphenhyphenwy9Oy8rb4lZ_RHd44gDmd_X1O9ID7AaZ/s200/NMA.0039039_1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612812569663770722" /> <img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 148px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwRPuP8KOlZsHGCefwGXKpRTcb36w89gTs7rKkz8SZyZEXYVkxSu3ymzM4F4n_hxFos1yFgzaJJrMOnHyxOWiQdGQbcUCeAPDGFkdCRgYVG93KimGRfrrBTh4dk91bp0j4UCj3h3RIdjss/s200/Portr%25C3%25A4tt_av_Almert_Merak%252C_60_%25C3%25A5r%252C_Sjokksjokk._Lotten_von_D%25C3%25BCben_1868_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0033132_1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612812345134043586" /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4jaBkYsXdeY4gNWs5z90AAjGgDXEGIK6dyRosP5NoastcraXYAUrI6CrCy8w3-_a2eNjVzTL8cB6RJ8t7jbmfVVKSj7Xb2v2ujX__isSBA2leBFUloMeE6Y2lQAq_pAmfkgSh3zx5uw9F/s1600/Samisk_man_med_spjut._Lotten_von_D%25C3%25BCben_1868_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0033092_1.jpg" target="_blank" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 109px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4jaBkYsXdeY4gNWs5z90AAjGgDXEGIK6dyRosP5NoastcraXYAUrI6CrCy8w3-_a2eNjVzTL8cB6RJ8t7jbmfVVKSj7Xb2v2ujX__isSBA2leBFUloMeE6Y2lQAq_pAmfkgSh3zx5uw9F/s200/Samisk_man_med_spjut._Lotten_von_D%25C3%25BCben_1868_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0033092_1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612812100539064818" /></a><br /><br />Photos shared by Nordiska Museet, Stockholm. Photographs by Lotten von Düben on an ethnological expedition to Swedish Lapland lead by Gustaf von Düben, 1868. Foto delt av Nordiska Museet i Stockholm. Bildene er tatt av Lotten von Düben i 1868 på en etnologisk ekspedisjon i Svensk Lappland som ble ledet av Gustaf von Düben.<br /><br /><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span">The ancient Northern Sami people - De gamle Nord-Samiske folkene</span></b></div><br /><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 112px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlLaedl2uwcyVR1dWzStKtoMhpOVmhpb0DXnEpKpdNFTU48wFeUN88O-sggd_7fsTzQJ756FgW501SJB9NoYRd7-UVhLSrlwHYmMhqJzhIe3VIyGiLnaEcYDEvpmH__ii8thaZXNfY_OSP/s200/Sami_Rasmus_Josefsen_Utsi_Kautokeino_Finnmark_Norway_1884_Bonaparte.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612820667437962450" /> <img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 129px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQNGuSO5BdBIin5HGVPBoiTtT-I7yaQD9awEvV06ZUxPltSEgbYyWdLxM_bHro-GTZWZhTaLmz7CuMKnSmqurt5IKrYGT5sQA4P6Hgw1dGLPU0z3W9_hwo8D83OshenBuDxe6skzTrFSR7/s200/Jol_Andersen_-_Sami_man_from_Finnmark%252C_Norway_-_by_Bonaparte_1884.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612820436369560434" /> <img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 114px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv2vsOCpseA_eTyEc9WvTlUuwcJPhZcL9MLygaNLky07tIcYJ0wNFU8GNmE-ul7hNDWTXybdV4KghwtHVzyYpnqgEJWkwVX6ON7SfcLc5fZoP6wbvOWl2VQpvJTqTtwgw0iK4tj7LEQStu/s200/Sj%25C3%25B8samisk_Mann_Finnmark_Norge_Ivar_Samuelsen_1884_av_Bonaparte.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612820249460398722" /><br /><div></div><br /><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 126px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipfCI8YJAB88K5l5m318_sp3-1smnAZazxPgo7Zqp_jX5X3wepqWdHSZXuavV1Skn2TlOGUexgxBAA54Enbuy4nWRqbSA-wa2Jg9Mu5S37QXDUu3P88DPRPDcTLMaXdZVlltMJbE7YPGJ9/s200/Mikel_Mikelsen_Hetta_-_Sami_man%252C_Kautokeino%252C_Norway%252C_by_Bonaparte_1884.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612819468870307250" /> <img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 124px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHFvYo0iAZSd3-WSpYLzzw2avKeg7HMpCj47_UP7E1nJLtyAGih9RmPbD9BkC9sX-0LC6uABU8FsbhHNHjxEW5Jf5IjecDSaNANpCH1W3wjtgQ8Vgn4UiPYvmGjbG5Rtclv954x3j0QRXc/s200/Anders_Andersen_Ellen_-_Sami_Man_from_Finnmark_Norway%252C_by_Bonaparte_1884.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612819280324498882" /> <img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 134px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc3-733chcc4cY0z5McvRCS5IZVR9oUtZ8i5JZu6BTjR4z21xCRT09kH4Zqq0tm77q7HtPgMZ3OAG2w2ic-MOz6ceEtovEucnilgywA_Zk568g10RSaAkzjGYH21boqhLo06NpU083Lo1y/s200/1939_Samen_Ole_H%25C3%25A6tta_Norway_public_pc.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612819135358314850" /><br /><br />The first five photos are taken by Prince Roland Bonaparte in the northern parts of the Sami areas in 1884. The last one is a photo postcard of a Sami man from 1939. De første fem fotografiene er tatt av prins Roland Bonaparte i de nordlige samiske områdene i 1884. Det siste bilde er et fotokort fra 1939 av en samisk mann. </div><br /><br /><br /></div><div></div><div>Omtrentlig oversatt fra boken til Pontoppidan fra sidene 356 – 358, mine kommentarer er lagt til i klammeparentesene:</div><div>De første folkene i Norge var Kelter eller <span class="Apple-style-span">Skytere [ut fra dagens kunnskaper så er tilknytning til Keltene mest sannsynlig]. Pontoppidan skriver at Snorre Sturlasson, Thormodus Torfæus og Jonas Ramus har gitt informasjon om opprinnelsen til de folk med eldst opprinnelse i den norske nasjon. Han summerer opp at den første og eldste befolkningen i Norge for lenge siden var blitt fortrengt og har trukket seg tilbake, samt også blandet seg med de mange Aser eller Asiater som siden starten av vanlig tidsregning kom til Norge. Pontoppidan refererer til disse første to gruppene av folk og hevder at de uten tvil er “Lapper, Finner og Finlapper” [i Norge har alle disse navnene vært brukt om den samiske befolkingen. Legg merke til at mange gamle kilder, inkludert denne teksten av Pontoppidan skriver at de gamle befolkningene til en viss grad hadde blandet seg, dvs. de aller første Keltiske eller Skytiske folkene, og de senere ankomne Aser eller Asiater].</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><div>Pontoppidan skriver at disse tidligste folkene trakk seg stadig lengre nordover, opp i fjellene, og til Kjølen [mellom Norge og Sverige] hvor det er "Lap eller Finmarke" [må ikke forveksles med fylket som har samme navn, det dreier seg også om mer sørlige områder] hvor de holder til på begge sider. </div><div></div><div></div><div><br /></div><div>[Pontoppidan unnlater å fortelle hvorfor og av hvem disse første norske folkene er fortrengt, har trukket seg nordover eller til fjellområdene]. Pontoppidan fortsetter: Barna av de første nordmenn lever fremdeles på de samme måter som deres tidligste forfedre og formødre, dvs. som jegere, med reinsdyrhold, i telt etc. Om Asene eller Asiatene forteller han at de var fortrengt fra "Pompejum Magnum" [dvs. Pompeii i dagens Italia, den er jo stort sett bevart i sin opprinnelige form fra gammelt av på grunn av vulkanutbruddet som druknet den i aske 79 CE]. Pontoppidan tar også opp folket i Finland og det Kvenske folket. Han forteller at kong Nor ga navnet til Norge, og hans far Thore var konge i Gotland, Finland og Kvenland.</div><div><br /></div><div></div><div>I etterfølgende kapitler skriver Pontoppidan om de nye befolkningene i Norge og hvor de kom fra.</div></div></div></div></div><script src="http://www.scribd.com/javascripts/view2.js" type="text/javascript"></script>Saamibloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03176222359685589743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-40233337336762579712010-08-05T23:35:00.077+02:002012-07-21T15:10:33.131+02:00Alternative Medicine, Old illustrations and Photos of Sami people - Alternativ Medisin, gamle illustrasjoner og foto av samene<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3KWVS2KH5LxO5JLbmWM-D6IfBYynZRxgX_mHbrGEOOQ_V9iwCrz2hrtBsU8yKpLLKwLg-3wjNLBKoRR8Ff-PHNkkNvJE0QdEDDqY8gMBtwHCoq91W5UHqJEE28A45x3jx36jLWowQxvE/s1600/The+Manners+of+the+Laplanders+Living+in+Summer.+Sweden.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank""><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLHiKbbwh7MrrSkDb0LQXh_ow7v0g3fDRK-o3-J081ljIi-DkGjqhyphenhyphenkL2Cny0sBb8PHQuJTIN_X_jcRjtULuJmpVm8Eioe9HBOP_TrZyQt4qz2jwkkV5yM3xI4ol-w7Z_5BBX2QVYSviS8/s640/The+Manners+of+the+Laplanders+Living+in+Summer.+Sweden.jpg" width="460" /></a> <br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3KWVS2KH5LxO5JLbmWM-D6IfBYynZRxgX_mHbrGEOOQ_V9iwCrz2hrtBsU8yKpLLKwLg-3wjNLBKoRR8Ff-PHNkkNvJE0QdEDDqY8gMBtwHCoq91W5UHqJEE28A45x3jx36jLWowQxvE/s1600/The+Manners+of+the+Laplanders+Living+in+Summer.+Sweden.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank""></a> <span class="Apple-style-span">A. © Norsk Folkemuseum. Svensk Lappland om sommeren. “The English Atlas” av Moses Pitt (1639 - 1697) og J. Jansson. Jeg søker fortsatt etter teksten om "Svensk Lappland" som finnes i tilknytning til disse to illustrasjonene i den nevnte boken vil senere legge teksten i dette blogginnlegget. Swedish Lapland in the Summer. I am still searching for the text belonging to these two illustrations.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOWTmc8RArZkH4IjqYyXiJwJMikR9zChhyphenhyphenTcH4Wy6nl3xi8TtTvibeqbNJd9MrXm9uTXpD2As-9X6zgraI_K763oWG10OfCoGAJbsEjEBkhUWnpLdeChzTR76PymM-_OhEQPDiV74yiwM/s1600/The+Manners+of+the+Laplanders+Living+in+Winter.+Sweden.jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank""><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOWTmc8RArZkH4IjqYyXiJwJMikR9zChhyphenhyphenTcH4Wy6nl3xi8TtTvibeqbNJd9MrXm9uTXpD2As-9X6zgraI_K763oWG10OfCoGAJbsEjEBkhUWnpLdeChzTR76PymM-_OhEQPDiV74yiwM/s400/The+Manners+of+the+Laplanders+Living+in+Winter.+Sweden.jpg" width="460" /></a><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span">B. © Norsk Folkemuseum. “The English Atlas” av Moses Pitt (1639 - 1697) og J. Jansson: Svensk Lappland om vinteren. Sverige inkluderte hele dagens Finland, en del av det vestlige Russland og de Baltiske statene i den perioden da illustrasjonene ble laget. Swedish Lapland in the winter. Sweden included all of present Finland and the Baltic states in the period when the illustrations were made. Klikk her for å se kartet:</span> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_height_of_Swedish_territories_in_1658..png" target="'_blank"><strong>Sverige (1658)</strong> </a><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Samiske boliger fra 1700 til slutten av 1800-tallet</span><br />
Som du kan se i disse gamle bildene som ble laget av Moses Pitt så er samene avbildet som om de kun bor i telt. Dette er bare en del av sannheten fordi noen samer var og er fremdeles "halvnomader" (dvs. de bodde i telt når de fulgte reinsdyrflokken om våren og sommeren og de hadde permanent bygde hjem om vinteren), noen samer var kun bønder og kombinerte jordbruk og fiske (fisker-bønder). Som nevnt i en tidligere blogg så bygde samene fra gammelt av hus av tømmer eller en kombinasjon av tømmer og jord-hus (gammer).<br />
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You can observe in the illustrations made by Moses Pitt that the Sami are depicted as living in tents. This is only a part of the fact, because some Sami were and some still are ”semi-nomads” (i.e. they lived in tents while following the reindeers herds during the spring & summer and had permanent built homes during the winters), some were exclusively farmers or some combined farming and fishing. As mentioned in a previous blog the Sami built from early on houses of timber or combined turf and timber.<br />
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<center><img border="0" height="200" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi91z497peLgnYGzG98o-BNhbU-KKJtsD2dsdxQ8KULpgCHQJYKt8vYaerTFcuMAvGxSbpoM3N23EKYj_bRaqnJkXpJCkIi7KRU55nQtAWmh-xA9-GJufbn2zITU3dSfn_m-6KsspJU0-vO/s200/Knud+Leem+published+1767+-+badstu.jpg" width="146" /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_gvhXxsb4LDFns-cORMsIyIOJIcceBtvQoyTXWj4QNnfQtO8hm6BXD13Stxwsq5b0NKgVm8VlhHV93BXN8rIvEJzA7WHadExRI5MA0bSKYCDhz8Kk8PcasH-9d68W1mhkrqCzZX0Bcrms/s1600/Knud+Leem+published+1767+-+stabbur.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="200" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_gvhXxsb4LDFns-cORMsIyIOJIcceBtvQoyTXWj4QNnfQtO8hm6BXD13Stxwsq5b0NKgVm8VlhHV93BXN8rIvEJzA7WHadExRI5MA0bSKYCDhz8Kk8PcasH-9d68W1mhkrqCzZX0Bcrms/s200/Knud+Leem+published+1767+-+stabbur.jpg" width="145" /></a></center><center><img border="0" height="200" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0lz3PMyebnc_6X3sBigTA7iw8thHcbF7kGz7lBbQudjkpVSNdZFRmr-oFQEX_Yal9bnFkam3p7eAHxLBHSikNMsv6NRQagQL7wBiqwHWXreWquTuctozdWC_FU_Vp9LXOcG2JgEzMaE74/s200/Knud+Leem+published+1767+-+timbered+building.jpg" width="156" /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihNMLkq3vEzI81zAPKmXVjDXPUeMBD8qDeRtIqqRLovFUVgix6P1tTRuBqfAn7b57xw4mlq8cdoSPTQo839hyB-dUTNMK4ZEWQMluGl0TWPYdB5nqsEDM1LQ938Xh6HklKwgdtNT6vQYZb/s1600/Sami+Sidda+Knud+Leem+Publ.+1767+homes+and+goathi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="200" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihNMLkq3vEzI81zAPKmXVjDXPUeMBD8qDeRtIqqRLovFUVgix6P1tTRuBqfAn7b57xw4mlq8cdoSPTQo839hyB-dUTNMK4ZEWQMluGl0TWPYdB5nqsEDM1LQ938Xh6HklKwgdtNT6vQYZb/s200/Sami+Sidda+Knud+Leem+Publ.+1767+homes+and+goathi.jpg" width="154" /></a></center>Gamle graverte bilder laget av Knud Leem (en kristen prest) dokumenterte samenes boliger i Porsanger, Finnmark, Norge fra tidlig 1700-tall. Samene bodde i laftede tømmerhus og hadde stabbur med laftet konstruksjon. Carl von Linné dokumenterte at det fantes samiske gårder i Sverige og Norge tidlig på 1700-tallet: <a href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3038/" target="'_blank">Carl von Linnes ungdomsskrifter</a> fra hans reise i de samiske områder i 1735.<br />
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Old engravings made by Knud Leem (a christian priest) are documenting different types of settlements of the Sami people from Porsanger in Finnmark, Norway in the early 1700's. The Sami lived in timbered houses and had additionally storehouses with cog joints / notched log constructions. Carl von Linne wrote about Sami farms in Sweden and Norway in the early 1700's: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/lachesislapponic02linn#page/n1/mode/2up" target="'_blank">Lachesis lapponica. A tour in Lapland</a> from the travel in he made in 1735 .<br />
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I nyere kart blir det informert på samene for det meste bor i jordhytter (gammer): <a href="http://www.dokpro.uio.no/friiskartene/1861/1861oversikt.html" target="'_blank">Friis kart 1861</a><br />
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Det kan hende på kartet til Friis er en dokumentert del av en intensjonelt forvrengt historiefortelling. Det kan eventuelt være på dette kartet fra 1861 gir en indikasjon om den materielle og økonomiske undertrykkingen av samene som må vært alvorlig i løpet av 1800-tallet. Det kan også hende på kartet til Friis er en dokumentasjon på at omdefineringen av den kulturelle identiteten til samene i stor grad hadde skjedd i løpet av 1800-tallet. Muligens finnes det flere andre faktorer i tillegg til de nevnte som kan være en del av forklaringen for hvorfor den materielle situasjonen til samene endret seg så dramatisk fra 1700-tallet til sendt in 1800-tallet.<br />
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In newer maps it is told that the Sami mostly lived in turf huts (see the added link of a map by Friis). It might be that the map made by Friis is a documented part of intentionally distorted history. Eventually this map from 1861 may indicate that the material and economical oppression of the Sami people had been severe during the 1800's. It may be that the map made by Friis is a documentation of the redefinition of Sami cultural identity already in the 1800's. Likely additional factors or several of the mentioned factors are part of the explanation of why the material conditions of the Sami people changed so dramatically from 1700's to the late 1800's.<br />
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<center><br /><img border="0" height="215" nx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0JbBfS5jOiACHGajdGhOuixjzv_5fFIAVZlBUOQRw20fkZPSnEL2vAqNAs6wugNTQr13VSv437wn3BF5J8c7OVLV3QmZ-ZOO4T4kfHVxFnKiKRphGby_wLf0E6c0eiy6j9-0_a1i53zSf/s400/Arvidsjaur-Lappstaden_4.+photo+by+J%C3%BCrgen+Howaldt,+2004.jpg" width="400" /></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">Lappstaden Arvidsjaur. Old Sami buildings in Sweden. Gamle Samiske bygninger i Arvidsjaur, Sverige. Bildet er tatt av Jürgen Howaldt, 2004.</span><br />
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<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi10bs6bicdFf_culKIt5vMIbFj9zqfoWsENJe_p6gJjixq4yAlNtpZdstYR7h3F1XHIQ9SE4RJKaqxGUn7D7CdvXiS8cADA6P0HTIPLJnND4qzXLkZOPfZz7ucU1YbXHVsQb8QR3r_mX1a/s1600/Sami_Parlament_Karasjok.+Photo+by+Hapesoft,+2010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="300" nx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi10bs6bicdFf_culKIt5vMIbFj9zqfoWsENJe_p6gJjixq4yAlNtpZdstYR7h3F1XHIQ9SE4RJKaqxGUn7D7CdvXiS8cADA6P0HTIPLJnND4qzXLkZOPfZz7ucU1YbXHVsQb8QR3r_mX1a/s400/Sami_Parlament_Karasjok.+Photo+by+Hapesoft,+2010.jpg" width="400" /></a></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gamle tradisjoner møter nye i arkitekturen. Det norske Sametinget. The Sami parliament in Norway. Photo by Hapesoft 2010.</span><br />
<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis77NqE9SH2TWDG0FUlLOXU-9nCJPefgOgrul21-kK3P11Owy4r-Uuh8zZK07UqXlRFrqyum_84suuMmGpwPyzv6kF8F7QuIMew_q-QvAQUK-epocZ-eCbF2nDwfZiq0tSU317GWfG20A7/s1600/Sametinget+i+Norge.+Flickr+photo+by+krynn1978+Alessandro+Malatesta%252C+2008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis77NqE9SH2TWDG0FUlLOXU-9nCJPefgOgrul21-kK3P11Owy4r-Uuh8zZK07UqXlRFrqyum_84suuMmGpwPyzv6kF8F7QuIMew_q-QvAQUK-epocZ-eCbF2nDwfZiq0tSU317GWfG20A7/s400/Sametinget+i+Norge.+Flickr+photo+by+krynn1978+Alessandro+Malatesta%252C+2008.jpg" width="400" /></a></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sametinget i Norge. The Sami parliament in Norway. Photo by krynn1978, 2008. </span><br />
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<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5j4r_T-ImcUFdUqQzGwh2cgAIyCzj7nxwvZFmffcVpl8P8t14LZ6OvrtpBKd-gTbeDyin7XysKRL0QO1fGh2ssP8jemd3Zx1B1uEpGawx4Mwh2yG1ulYjKmfCE8-e5kDqPUzweOp_I-YW/s1600/Norway+Sami+parliament.+Flickr+foto+by+krynn1978+Alessandro+Malatesta%252C+2008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5j4r_T-ImcUFdUqQzGwh2cgAIyCzj7nxwvZFmffcVpl8P8t14LZ6OvrtpBKd-gTbeDyin7XysKRL0QO1fGh2ssP8jemd3Zx1B1uEpGawx4Mwh2yG1ulYjKmfCE8-e5kDqPUzweOp_I-YW/s400/Norway+Sami+parliament.+Flickr+foto+by+krynn1978+Alessandro+Malatesta%252C+2008.jpg" width="400" /></a></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sametinget i Norge. Sami parliament in Norway. Photo by krynn1978, 2008.</span><br />
<center><br /></center><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCN044FPGONZlaDobvYF752c3eFGgYjV3v6QR2IAGRaaThjhamCPTS3SxaYqZJ9o6JEJ9HV56kiOTAUWsRbE96DelCIAk_3fxHHz7D_-NnIrnt30MBQbeoog9RKc06q5pFQ3c_eBUpxI4/s1600/Sami+Parliament+Karasjok+in+Norway.+Photo+by+Hapesoft%252C+2010..jpg" imageanchor="1" target="_blank""><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCN044FPGONZlaDobvYF752c3eFGgYjV3v6QR2IAGRaaThjhamCPTS3SxaYqZJ9o6JEJ9HV56kiOTAUWsRbE96DelCIAk_3fxHHz7D_-NnIrnt30MBQbeoog9RKc06q5pFQ3c_eBUpxI4/s320/Sami+Parliament+Karasjok+in+Norway.+Photo+by+Hapesoft%252C+2010..jpg" width="240" /></a></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo from the Sami parliament exterior in Karasjok, Norway by Hapesoft (2010). Foto av den norske sametingets fra utsiden av bygningen. </span><br />
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<center><a href="http://www.leejacksonmaps.com/mallnors.htm" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="'_blank"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ0rghWPhVn1RNR1qPeNbwavg7xAHHLZRq-TnHfcDNUEk2QhgYI6nJviZ6Fg6ZBTCv3ysRAlAV8I3sZlpLEarXgQFEyvD8oszOoiPADR28MD7BMppfgW4JW5VAdvwg3ElkMXWaZUHTcfE/s320/mallnors+Paris.+c.1683.+155+x+10mm.+Coloured.+Two+Norwegians+with+reindeer+and+ships+in+the+background.+MALL0087.jpg" width="191" /></a></center><span class="Apple-style-span">Credits til Lee Jackson: <a href="http://www.leejacksonmaps.com/Scandinavia.htm" target="'_blank">http://www.leejacksonmaps.com/Scandinavia.htm</a>. Publisert ca. 1683, Alain Manesson Mallet. To menn på en gammel illustrasjon som er kalt "nordmenn" og her er de med sine reinsdyr og skip i bakgrunnen. Drakten var veldig lik den sørsamiske drakter for eksempel i følgende foto fra Trøndelag og i de to illustrasjonene av Moses Pitt. Two men on an old illustration that is named "Norwegians" and here they are with their reindeers and ships in the background. The costumes were very similar to the southern Sami costumes e.g. in the following photo and in the illustrations by Moses Pitt. </span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">Trøndelag - Midt Norge</span></strong><br />
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<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht8LMTy6Oav5hfSeydwK3TAu8G-XI2omDwcwTQ0GJX7SEdmrrh1PVpNfOLgb9-cIOueOyxUtoUX-UbZkA5VLVnZXewr1OiGbAw08t8-7E20Z0-VuWBgFZ3Y7Yln8rlDkgHMaV76DEtYGY/s1600/NFDSA_00143-001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="'_blank"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht8LMTy6Oav5hfSeydwK3TAu8G-XI2omDwcwTQ0GJX7SEdmrrh1PVpNfOLgb9-cIOueOyxUtoUX-UbZkA5VLVnZXewr1OiGbAw08t8-7E20Z0-VuWBgFZ3Y7Yln8rlDkgHMaV76DEtYGY/s400/NFDSA_00143-001.jpg" width="275" /></a></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">© Foto: Norsk Folkemuseum - 2010. Sami man Jacob Dærga, Nord-Trøndelag in a traditional Sami costume from Røyrvik, 1956. Samisk mann i drakt fra Røyrvik i Trøndelag.</span><br />
<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAvcgkr5YoIRoMbgmrXDtWtEER_RXAUSx4L6uWizQHqqhWX3mNNAkzB1WkWflN28WsOgVi3G4ZI7CRfMd7K8qLLP1KXIF-rlpymd4wGfO6KmM3hon8JfQAsSAFPthmK9NZJchvGRXLwdI/s1600/NF_05139-029.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="'_blank"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAvcgkr5YoIRoMbgmrXDtWtEER_RXAUSx4L6uWizQHqqhWX3mNNAkzB1WkWflN28WsOgVi3G4ZI7CRfMd7K8qLLP1KXIF-rlpymd4wGfO6KmM3hon8JfQAsSAFPthmK9NZJchvGRXLwdI/s400/NF_05139-029.jpg" width="241" /></a></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">© Foto: Norsk Folkemuseum - 2010. Anna Stinnerbom Danielsen, ca. 1925, Norge. Norway. Legg merke slagene på kragen til kofta fra Namdalen, denne type krage ble også brukt andre steder, for eksempel i Ankarede, Jämtland i Sverige (1930). Jamtli Bildarkiv rapporter at denne type krage ble brukt av Hotagen-samene og at den ikke lenger er i bruk.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Finnmark i Nord-Norge</span><br />
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<center><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_vAs2_oyjsj98EtnAYMJzlmXJB9hMoP38hlNnsJXvk5_ltdy0vKDyuMRGMJjFnGhRx7zgZZKJcK-fEisCgmKd5CYpAc8j9MoAXeeyYIP6BeFqBP6uzYmJr0DrQYMkTV5AmIq-OXKLxi2J/s400/Samisk+brud%252C+utsnitt+av+Brom+sine+fotografi.+Flickr+photo+by+samisknettverk%252C+2008.jpg" width="280" /> </center> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Norsk Samisk brud. Norwegian Sami bride. Flickr-bilde av Brom og samisknettverk, 2008.</span><div>
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<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK_8l8ZvU7aw2G8fyWSHMu1boYw1FBoI02e6NKYHJMzCKLpXElnDppCcAzpZbAgoF_8EVZAcUhSyrtJKaCCpH8s74BgPaYw8PiPbxoOaLvoREoMScfbMxIKa5kiT1HxAcOnN61mlWWgbs/s1600/000005189689+Menn+pipe+Teknisk+Museum+Fra+Samelandsm%C3%B8tet+1956+Foto+Helge+Amundsen,+DEXTRA+Photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="'_blank"><img border="0" height="385" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK_8l8ZvU7aw2G8fyWSHMu1boYw1FBoI02e6NKYHJMzCKLpXElnDppCcAzpZbAgoF_8EVZAcUhSyrtJKaCCpH8s74BgPaYw8PiPbxoOaLvoREoMScfbMxIKa5kiT1HxAcOnN61mlWWgbs/s400/000005189689+Menn+pipe+Teknisk+Museum+Fra+Samelandsm%C3%B8tet+1956+Foto+Helge+Amundsen,+DEXTRA+Photo.jpg" width="400" /></a></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">© Foto Helge Amundsen / Dextra Photo. Teknisk Museum. Samiske menn på Samelandsmøtet, Kautokeino, Norge i 1956. Sami men from Norway at a Sami Congress, Kautokeino in 1956.</span><br />
<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNJrntemcZdMoeCz9R7Pklprg1DXkNYPDgUnTv8YUStSQK5vKlR7nkPeDCrDSfpr4Zn5jXgDcDLm7qLvtV67ef5VH-iOn3km6Lau0RHydPA6iQm8NUb7-cVmtuX5a3pqwPpalUaf_qvh8/s1600/NF_05744-016.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="'_blank"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNJrntemcZdMoeCz9R7Pklprg1DXkNYPDgUnTv8YUStSQK5vKlR7nkPeDCrDSfpr4Zn5jXgDcDLm7qLvtV67ef5VH-iOn3km6Lau0RHydPA6iQm8NUb7-cVmtuX5a3pqwPpalUaf_qvh8/s400/NF_05744-016.jpg" width="396" /></a></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">© Foto: Norsk Folkemuseum - 2010. Fotograf: Elisabeth Meyer. Samiske barn i en Lavvo med drakter fra Kautokeino. Finnmark. Sami children in a tent (lavvo) with traditional clothes from Kautokeino, Norway.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Hedemark - South Eastern Norway</span><br />
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<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIHK0QsGqbPGs7JgnUICLtrf7pynsJ5e9WWDN7xdex3UhhsnD5Cr_p-Ibr9jeeUHFXR7IYpmh1rlpTzbdVDRQV5BVxIEDA_zftTdMk6rzexM2ndibq4994EkQIRAgCSGWwJAoRIDXupQQ/s1600/NF_05139-030+samisk+familie+engerdal+hedemark+norway.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="'_blank"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIHK0QsGqbPGs7JgnUICLtrf7pynsJ5e9WWDN7xdex3UhhsnD5Cr_p-Ibr9jeeUHFXR7IYpmh1rlpTzbdVDRQV5BVxIEDA_zftTdMk6rzexM2ndibq4994EkQIRAgCSGWwJAoRIDXupQQ/s400/NF_05139-030+samisk+familie+engerdal+hedemark+norway.jpg" width="285" /></a></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">© Foto: Norsk Folkemuseum - 2010. Fotograf: Hildur Luck. En Samisk familie fra Engerdal i Hedemark, 1935. Paul Danielsen med familie, Anna Stinnerbom Danielsen og en søster av Paul Danielsen. A Sami family from Engerdal in Hedemark, Southern Norway. Paul Danielsen with his family, Anna Stinnerbom Danielsen and a sister of Paul Danielsen. </span><br />
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<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2EArl0vZIRThn9ZHiXhXuwBX3X9STnufPgwIeIT9F9vK2ntWdTNelYjLzr7sMrfeYRdi8l9fiMQcR2hqK9bLLoqwZBhugz76QZdwebikmSj1WfD1z8-u0aVQEYYAG2qhNKZg3mF7IeErM/s1600/Blank_Norway_district_map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="320" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2EArl0vZIRThn9ZHiXhXuwBX3X9STnufPgwIeIT9F9vK2ntWdTNelYjLzr7sMrfeYRdi8l9fiMQcR2hqK9bLLoqwZBhugz76QZdwebikmSj1WfD1z8-u0aVQEYYAG2qhNKZg3mF7IeErM/s320/Blank_Norway_district_map.jpg" width="253" /></a></center><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Oppland fylke i Sør-Vest Norge.</span><br />
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<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZLTEbFb01QiQ1Gz2rXxxv0pASPs9mpns3_9eQFmy4NXenulXoLVcFoOblpjw85MpUbj8SYNEL4oNM5Anixbzu5ch2Te3DjeWdPFMRqjq5qqKlfqzS2NGiChQI3h11ZzzAEv9_32PEVEZ9/s1600/grotli+photo+by+postaletrice+flickr+creative+commons+license.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="253" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZLTEbFb01QiQ1Gz2rXxxv0pASPs9mpns3_9eQFmy4NXenulXoLVcFoOblpjw85MpUbj8SYNEL4oNM5Anixbzu5ch2Te3DjeWdPFMRqjq5qqKlfqzS2NGiChQI3h11ZzzAEv9_32PEVEZ9/s400/grotli+photo+by+postaletrice+flickr+creative+commons+license.jpg" width="400" /></a></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">Samer med transport rein på Grotli i Oppland fylke i den sørvestlige delen av Norge. Foto by Postaletrice (Flickr: Creative Commons License). Vestlandet.</span><br />
<center><img border="0" height="332" ox="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgViOopUvX2K-MYwrvTcX4-IXhozPyp-eFSqdqdkHIEXYvtGySgfYlqIZHZ4Cu9g8KBdb6m7k_puJtNHzpnJJehUfXSD8g2mBvPpXy-wYbUksMRx6_K2Flwo7Ml6gMReV5WecbeGHGyeFSX/s400/Sami+family+Grotli+Oppland+County+Norway.jpg" width="400" /></center><span style="font-size: x-small;">Samisk mor med barn fra Grotli i Oppland fylke, Norge. Norway. Dette bildet er ett av mange gamle bilder med samer fra Grotli.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Telemark i Sør-Norge</span><br />
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<center><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/3546035325/" target="_blank" title="Sami girls from Telemark Southern Norway late 1800 by saamiblog, on Flickr"><img alt="Sami girls from Telemark Southern Norway late 1800" height="261" src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2457/3546035325_7ea0ddc8df.jpg" width="450" /></a></center>Samiske jenter i Telemark i Sør-Norge, sent på 1800-tallet. Teksten på kortet er: "Lappepiger Telemarken". Sami girls in the county of Telemark in Southern Norway, in the late 1800's.<br />
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Samiske folk fra Telemark er også avbildet i gamle malerier f.eks "<a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/kul_und/article3091681.ece" target="'_blank">Telemarksjenter</a>" (Telemark jenter) av Werenskiold.<br />
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I det følgende lenke kan du se gamle bilder av samer i et fransk museum, søk etter ordet: LAPON i samlingenes Index. Simple search: <a href="http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/index-of-works/rech-rec-col-simple.html?no_cache=1" target="'_blank">Lapon</a><br />
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Disse er gamle bilder av Eurenius & Quist og av I. Lindegaard på Musée d'Orsay, Frankrike og er tatt i ca. 1870-årene. To samiske par og et barn fra Dalarna i Sverige, et par fra Åsele og to andre bilder av svenske samer. Så er det bilder av samer fra Norge: Setesdalen (Agder fylke), Hitterdal (Telemark), Hardanger (Hordaland), Kautokeino (Finnmark) og et par folk med kostymer som jeg ikke kjenner opprinnelsen til.<br />
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<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsemZf7l9X2wNfsz_pzw0ATV4tpxJZvZkyjDuIFyJY9dtivB_fhsc90TI88d-7G7kN7kbMUvEHarAFMIQp8gK5s2TSMU4rfM31WUHniiafGAkKFHdNlxscA3tC0AMM12KtXu03D_5HjPc/s1600/284_Sorbus_aucuparia.+public.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="'_blank"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsemZf7l9X2wNfsz_pzw0ATV4tpxJZvZkyjDuIFyJY9dtivB_fhsc90TI88d-7G7kN7kbMUvEHarAFMIQp8gK5s2TSMU4rfM31WUHniiafGAkKFHdNlxscA3tC0AMM12KtXu03D_5HjPc/s320/284_Sorbus_aucuparia.+public.jpg" width="192" /></a><br />1. Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan / Rognebærtre)</center><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2YOPWn3b73ulEIxJLMI0QymWBvtNOO80afFKoAGLakBJBRjVi0jbVmwuPAlOLrS_g9UgU6t6ruPTmj_IpgBZTAmdKI20lKOoeVMMQDz9CWJ-iAjlhT4oMWQlTbcxf4wTEon2hfdnTPGQ/s1600/rumex+acetosella+public.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2YOPWn3b73ulEIxJLMI0QymWBvtNOO80afFKoAGLakBJBRjVi0jbVmwuPAlOLrS_g9UgU6t6ruPTmj_IpgBZTAmdKI20lKOoeVMMQDz9CWJ-iAjlhT4oMWQlTbcxf4wTEon2hfdnTPGQ/s320/rumex+acetosella+public.jpg" width="192" /></a></center> <center>2. Rumex Acetosella = engsyre (no) = ängsyra (sv) = Common sorrel (Eng.)</center><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6kauVLJLAOE6oRFaCQOR9gpPNePQS1G1REVGzd5v7-Pgk6DSZan_CP9Wg4er1LSLLy_ilHUvXSXgoeSI_BlzND_5KzIOnVBIq9vtFJ6dG1b1HwaYifsg-cCvf3eJdHViLw-cbqfJbcWg/s1600/Rubus_cham%C3%A6morus.+multer.+public+file.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6kauVLJLAOE6oRFaCQOR9gpPNePQS1G1REVGzd5v7-Pgk6DSZan_CP9Wg4er1LSLLy_ilHUvXSXgoeSI_BlzND_5KzIOnVBIq9vtFJ6dG1b1HwaYifsg-cCvf3eJdHViLw-cbqfJbcWg/s320/Rubus_cham%C3%A6morus.+multer.+public+file.jpg" width="192" /></a></center><center>3. Rubus chamaemorus (Cloud Berry / Multebær).</center><br />
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Når engsyre blandes med reinsdyrmelk så kalles dette <a href="http://www.acc.umu.se/~yisca/Kvanne/bocker.html" target="'_blank">Juobmo</a> på Samisk. When the Sami mix common sorrel with the reindeer milk it is in Sami language called Juobmo.<br />
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<strong><span class="Apple-style-span">Hvorfor drakk samene reinsdyrblod?</span></strong><br />
Sitert fra s. 53-54, Pehr A. Siljestrøm 1842: "En omständighet i Lapparnas hushållning förtjenar att att omnämnas för den medicinska nytta densamma medför, nämligen det ymniga bruk de göra af syrkål (rumex acetosella) som växer i myckenhet på dessa kuster. De blanda den alltid uti mjölken som de förtära, hvilket lärer hafva den verkan, enligt hvad Hr Doctor Walter i Hammerfest försäkrade mig , att Lapparna mycket sällan angripas af skörbjugg, som deremot är en lika allmänn som till sin beskaffenhet ofta svår sjukdom bland de öfriga innebyggarena, hvilka ej begagna detta præservativ. Under tre års tid, som Doctor Walter varit i Hammerfest, hade han blott hört omtalas ett enda fall af skörbjugg bland Lapparna, dá denna sjukdom deremot tidtals under samma period varit ganska allmännt gängse bland Norrmännen. Mot skörbjugg bruka eljest Sjö-Lapparna varmt skälblod, likasom Fjäll-Lapparna renblod."
Samene i fjellet drakk reinsdyrblod (se nummer 9 i vinter illustrasjon B) og kystsamene drakk blod fra sel, samt at de brukte vanlig engsyre (<a href="http://www.rolv.no/urtemedisin/medisinplanter/rume_ace.htm" target="_blank"">Rumex acetosella</a>) i melken.
I tillegg vet man at samene har brukt og de brukte rognebær og multebær for å få i seg nok vitamin C, og på den måten har de forhindret skjørbuk.
Kilde: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, i synnerhet de nordligaste delarna af dette land, Pehr Adam Siljeström, 1842: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, jeg synnerhet de nordligaste delarna AF dette landet by Pehr Adam Siljestrøm 1842.
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<strong><span class="Apple-style-span">Why the Sami were drinking reindeer blood?</span></strong><br />
Omtrentlig oversatt fra Side 53 - 54 med Pehr A. Siljestrøm 1842. Roughly translated from page 53 - 54 from Pehr A. Siljeström, 1842:
Common sorrel (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumex" target="_blank"">Rumex acetosella</a>, sheep sorrel) has a medical purpose for the Lapps. It is mixed in the milk they drink, which according to Doctor Walter in Hammerfest explains why the Lapps rarely suffer from scurvy, an illness that is a common and often a serious disease among the other inhabitants that never uses common sorrel. During a period of three years Doctor Walter had only heard about one single case of Scurvy among the Lapps, while it in the same period was rather common among the Norwegians. Against scurvy the Sea Lapps drink warm seal blood, while the Mountain Lapps drink reindeer blood.
Source: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, i synnerhet de nordligaste delarna af dette land, Pehr Adam Siljeström, 1842: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, jeg synnerhet de nordligaste delarna AF dette landet by Pehr Adam Siljestrøm 1842.
Sami people drank reindeer blood (see number 9 in the winter illustration B) and common sorrel in milk. Additionally it is known that they eat Rowan berries and Cloud berries for vitamin C, and in that way they prevents getting scurvy.
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<strong>Video</strong>: Laila Spik - Swedish language with English subtitles. Laila Spik - Natural Remedies and Foods. Laila Spik - Samisk kultur och naturmedicin. Samisk kultur og naturmedisin.<br />
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Noen av plantene som er nevnt i denne videoen er: Some of the plants mentioned in this video are: Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan / Rognebærtre), Rubus chamaemorus (Cloud Berry / Multebær), Filipendula Ulmaria (Meadow Sweet / Mjødurt) og Rhodiola rosea <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodiola_rosea" target="'_blank">Rosenrot</a>(<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/" target="'_blank"></a><a href="http://www.rolv.no/urtemedisin/medisinplanter/rhod_ros.htm" target="'_blank">Rhodiola rosea</a>).</div>
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Some of my comments and some quotes from the referred book: <b>The English Atlas Volume I containing a description of the places next to the North-Pole as also of Muscovy, Poland, Sweden, Denmark.” Oxford, printed at the theater, for Moses Pitt at the Angel in St. Pauls-Church-Yard, London. MDCLXXX. 1680</b>.<br />
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On page 68 has Moses Pitt (1680) written about <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trondheim" target="'_blank">Trondheim</a>, Norway.<br />
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Truntheim. <em>“Potanus somewhere calls this city the cabinet of all the Norwegian monuments; but Wormius found no great reason to confer to honourable a title upon it, when (after a diligent search into the antiquities, old monuments and reliques of the primitive inhabitants of this kingdom) he met with no more then three runic inscriptions in this whole diocefs”….. the text continues…. “it looks more like a village than a city , not having had any opportunity of recovering its former splendour since it was burnt down in the year 1522.”</em><br />
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Trondheim had been the cathedral city for Catholic church since the end of 1100's and was burnt down in the end of the 1500's. The Nordic areas had with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmar_Union" target="'_blank">The Kalmar Union</a> a common king and in 1522 there was a process of religious reformatiion from the Catholic epoch to the lutheran in what is called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation_in_Denmark-Norway_and_Holstein" target="'_blank">Lutheran Reformation</a> During the Catholic era people were allowed to expression of the old pagan relgion in the Nordic.<br />
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<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIf-R_U4LZwXmu0-4slytGn5kXPAVrGpBKymIrMbo3pC_qGsHHeCVzaO6yMEZtVSCw412Zb0STIv6JIZXLHcT4r4u_o5gWycVwr7l1hNYZ_ES-JQrXrsZn5m98uaj-YLLCRdnSLrjnmIsg/s1600/Stockholm_bloodbath_1520_greyscale+public+file.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIf-R_U4LZwXmu0-4slytGn5kXPAVrGpBKymIrMbo3pC_qGsHHeCVzaO6yMEZtVSCw412Zb0STIv6JIZXLHcT4r4u_o5gWycVwr7l1hNYZ_ES-JQrXrsZn5m98uaj-YLLCRdnSLrjnmIsg/s400/Stockholm_bloodbath_1520_greyscale+public+file.jpg" width="400" /></a></center><span class="Apple-style-span">A copper stitch made in 1676 after an older woodcut from 1524. Stockholm blodbad. Et kobberstikk laget i 1676 basert på et eldre tresnitt fra 1524.</span><br />
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King <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_II_of_Denmark" target="'_blank">Christian II</a> (a lutheran reformist) killed people in Uppsala and in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm_Bloodbath" target="'_blank">Stockholm Bloodbath</a>. Christian II was king before the present Nordic national state borders were defined, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmar_Union" target="'_blank">Kalmar Union</a> included present day areas of Norway, Denmark, Sweden, parts of Western Russia, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, and the United Kingdom (Shetland and Orkney).<br />
<br />
In <a href="http://saamiblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/travel-of-gregory-istoma-1496-and.html" target="'_blank">a previous blog</a> I told about Gregory Istoma and his travel in 1496 along the coast of present state of Norway. Istoma told how the Laplander people in Trondheim provided him with transport reindeers and sledges when he travelled towards Bergen which at that time was the northernmost part of Norway.<br />
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Continuing with page 68 in the English Atlas: Finnmark or Norwegian Lapland<br />
“<em> Finni… mentioned by Tacitus. For the character which that historian gives us is very applicable to the modern Finmarkers. When fishing season comes in , they throng to the sea coasts; and when it is over, retire again to the uplands. Only the islanders in Heymeland keep their stations, and have their churches in Trom, Suro, Maggero, and other places. The language, manners, and habits of the people, are the same as in the Swedish Lapland; of which an account has been already given." </em><br />
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Moses Pitt draws an interesting parallel between the people in Finnmark (Present Norway) and the people in Swedish Lapland which might be an indication of the fact that some of the old Nordic Goths in the southern parts of the Nordic had been displaced northwards. My hypothesis is that the <a href="http://oldgoths.blogspot.com/" target="'_blank">The ancient Nordic Goths</a> (Gøter) people since the Nordic Roman Iron Age had inhabited the Nordic areas, and partly and gradually merged with the indigenous Laplander people. The merge was intensified with the displacement of the ancient Nordic Goths to the northern areas.<br />
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A copy of the text "The English Atlas" can be read at the National Library in Oslo, Norway(Nasjonalbiblioteket i Norge). The text about the Swedish Lapland is not included in this copy, however it is available at Oxford University in England.<br />
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The same religious reformation process continued after the crumbling of the Kalmar Union, and the disuniting resulted in two different states, Sweden and Denmark. Moses Pitt described and depicted the Nordic during the Catholic era.<br />
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Continuing with page 68 in the English Atlas:<br />
<em>"… a cathedral dedicated to St. Olaus. In this church the huntsmen … made a yearly offering of the skins of the largest and softest white bears, which they kill’d for the priest to toead upon at divine service.“ …….. “Groneland and Iseland were formerly parts of the diocefs of Truntheim, but now this Bishopric us not so large extent.“</em></div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-47083429099611790852010-02-14T07:56:00.061+01:002012-12-26T09:14:35.773+01:00Genealogy, History and Old photos - Slektsforskning, Historie og gamle foto<center><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438003899654146322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij0AIdrEnSqvHKEPJ6ucKriX4ZdUZkfS_hj381tn4NGf7nB7d0V9yjYf2scccrPUcDxZ6JBUyWVcatmfjEh9MFhSxyMl8aphV6vDYrB0IodFqzyIYcCRHX6WIY-J5XSLNDme95uYuZZ1I/s400/samisk+scannb0003+-+Kopi.jpg" style="display: block; height: 297px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></center><span style="font-size: 85%;">En samisk gutt fra Norge på 1800-tallet. A norwegian Sami boy in the 1800's. Photo: F. Beyer, Bergen.</span><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl-g2p5nfAtuk5ez0Sol8aq7vGURnY-OWLuqb_tVPdHyrSoriKXyYzE_KOIdap2JzFgKOIWU0mn2GA0tgXTEhvcMD30XjaoJ3h_Cpmz5uNRo7ndkZb3gkmYy2UMTNc8XYncagxf9ox1XY/s1600-h/samisk+scannb0001+-+Kopi.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438004765024502002" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl-g2p5nfAtuk5ez0Sol8aq7vGURnY-OWLuqb_tVPdHyrSoriKXyYzE_KOIdap2JzFgKOIWU0mn2GA0tgXTEhvcMD30XjaoJ3h_Cpmz5uNRo7ndkZb3gkmYy2UMTNc8XYncagxf9ox1XY/s400/samisk+scannb0001+-+Kopi.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 330px;" /></a> </center><span style="font-size: 85%;">En samisk gutt og to jenter fra Norge på 1800-tallet. A norwegian Sami boy and two girls in the 1800's. Photo: F. Beyer, Bergen</span>.<br /><div><br /><center><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5437991364400406642" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM-ZO3Jbh4znh0D6MYDDLsrnmJCq_YqoCMEqlPo84ZAqu9A8_KRxoCrMOAyo_WUwCMukTdAGPSA6wddnEjZvKglTY9_zHbs4_hczv3Q-ZKNNKcMuvjHVYLUWM38f7mOsxVJhh43i_ZlN4/s400/Berit+og+Ole,+Trondheim+1944+-+Kopi.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 366px;" /></center><span style="font-size: 85%;">My great-grand parents, Berit Pedersdatter and Ole Eliassen. Mine oldeforeldre, Berit Pedersdatter og Ole Eliassen. Photo by Schrøder, Trondheim, 1944. Used with permission by Riddo Duottar Museat - Porsanger Museum.</span><br />This is the ancestral maternal line of five generations in my family with the population genetic <a href="http://saamiblog.blogspot.com/2007_06_03_archive.html" target="_blank">haplogroup</a> U5b1. Berit Pedersdatter is the one in the photo. Morslinjen for fem generasjoner formødre med den populasjonsgenetiske <a href="http://saamiblog.blogspot.com/2007_06_03_archive.html" target="_blank">haplogruppen</a> U5b1 i min familie. Berit Pedersdatter er den samme som i foto over.<br /><br />1) Berit (Beret) Pedersdatter født/born, 1884 i Kistrand. Norge. Ektefelle/spouse: Ole Eliassen født/born in 1882, Finnmark, Norway.<br /><br />2) Anna (evt. Anne) Grethe Hansdatter født / born 1851, Kistrand Finmark. Norge. Ektefelle/spouse: Peder Eliassen, Finnmark, Norway.<br /><br />3) Valborg Josephsdatter født/born, 1829 i Kistrand. Norge. Ektefelle/spouse Hans Danielsen født/born in 1829, Kistrand. Norway.<br /><br />4) Kirsten Larsdatter Utsi, født/born, 1803 i Porsanger. Norge. Ektefelle/spouse: Joseph Isaksen født/born 1808, Kjelvik, Finnmark. Norway.<br /><br />5) Kirsten Andersdatter Joks (evt. Jogs) døpt/christianised, 1776 i Karasjok. Død/ dead, 1854, Kolvik. Norge. Ektefelle/Spouse: Lars Larsen Utsi født/born, 1770, Kautokeino. Norway. Død /dead, Porsanger, 1840. Norway.<br /><br /><center><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438020675749535202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheky1Q1Hsyq_4dEpbk3umVuqxXbo4UgTd3lLQ5OKextlPSgmwd8yUkSzvRG6mfkpiNjdJG3aHgyFxm4R6OZRf16we7YJKlCD6DqRiFbYmYD9amuT7P1cy1Ouft3i7GlllVAMSr0Mmq-K0/s400/fotoskan0016.jpg" style="display: block; height: 228px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> </center><span style="font-size: 85%;">My Sami family in the late 1930's from Porsanger in Finnmark, Norway. My mother's father Aslak and mother Margrethe are seen as the third and fourth adult from the left. Min samiske familie sent på 1930-tallet fra Porsanger i Finnmark. Min morfar Aslak og min mormor Margrethe er den tredje og fjerde voksne fra venstre.</span><br />Dette er noen få av de foto som var igjen av min familie etter 2. verdenskrig. Fotografiene ble gravd ned, men dessverre ble de fleste helt ødelagt eller vannskadet under evakueringstiden fra Porsanger på 1940-tallet.<br /><br />These are a few of the photos that are left of my family after the second World War. The photos were dug down, but unfortunately most were completely demolished or water damaged during the evacuation time from Porsanger, Norway in the 1940's.<br /><br /><br /><center><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438019445450498002" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbxBL2PqJpLA0G9CHFFPeV4gCK3tmXCd8TbOWthc5yGnLsIwIi4zCsCfWqSI3xd8J36mTnz4wBMDsnFpZStWPEPBvwdhgH3ENbcyt54sX_tY2qxa-3-c-AbQYWk9GpNDMytVHsSK3gW2A/s400/fotoskan0019.jpg" style="display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></center><br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">My Sami family in the late 1930's: Olaug, Astrid, Erling and their aunt Ragnhild. Min samiske familie på slutten av 1930-tallet: Olaug, Astrid, Erling og deres tante Ragnhild.</span><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi436DNrfib0ORI1PZJVtSQhka7CP2yx23SlLpncWEEkh4fHpsEY77Io9pA1MPl34JfFJ03jS6TeaxpAngua93GniHjmHHu9HNIHBz-IldySrz-l13Qo5kadN9LPBCua7WrMbyAqQ2iRy64/s1600-h/3721782258_2312a99164_o%5B1%5D.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5441573441282638466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi436DNrfib0ORI1PZJVtSQhka7CP2yx23SlLpncWEEkh4fHpsEY77Io9pA1MPl34JfFJ03jS6TeaxpAngua93GniHjmHHu9HNIHBz-IldySrz-l13Qo5kadN9LPBCua7WrMbyAqQ2iRy64/s200/3721782258_2312a99164_o%5B1%5D.jpg" style="cursor: hand; height: 127px; width: 200px;" /></a> </center><center><span style="font-size: 78%;">The Swedish Catholic archbishop Olaus Magnus wrote that there were four spoken languages in the Nordic areas in the early 1500's: Russian, Swedish, Lappish, and Gothic. Magnus made the following illustration: From the left a Russian Muscovite, a Swede, a Laplander and a Goth (with the crossbow). Den svenske katolske erkebiskopen <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaus_Magnus" target="_blank"">Olaus Magnus</a> skreiv at det var fire talespråk i de Nordiske områdene tidlig på 1500-tallet: Russisk, Svensk, Lappisk og Gøtisk. Magnus laget følgende illustrasjon: Fra venstre en Russisk moskovitt, en svenske, en Lapp og en Göte (med armbrøstet).</span></center><center><span style="font-size: 78%;">Illustration by Olaus Magnus "Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus" (History of the Nordic Peoples), published in Rome 1555. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaus_Magnus" target="_blank"">Olaus Magnus</a> was archbishop in Uppsala, Sweden.</span><span style="font-size: 78%;">This particular picture is from the collection of Lars Henriksson.</span></center><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size: 180%;">Sami people and their oppressed history – The people with marginalized history. </span></strong><br />When we grew up we never learned about Sami history, and it was and still is impossible for me to accept or digest the negative information that so often have been communicated about the Sami people. As with many other Sami people my family did not know much about their own history. The Sami population was and still is excluded from the general ancient history in the Nordic, despite the fact that they are indigenous people in the Nordic areas. The Nordic areas has been colonized by the protestant Christians since the early 1500’s. During the protestant (Lutheran) reformation in the early 1500's the kings of Denmark and Sweden were supported from Germany. The colonization is a stain on the colonizers history so it is not very well known; about the theft of land, the slaughtering of people and the displacements of the ancient peoples. For example the Swedish king Christian II attacked and killed people in Uppsala and Stockholm (Stockholm Bloodbath) in 1520, and these attacks marked the end of the Catholic and ancient pagan religious practices era. They slaughtered the monks in the Catholic monasteries, for instance in Nydala. The same happened in Norway, to such an extent that there are no remains after some of these monasteries: Pay attention to the period of time when the monasteries in Norway where shut down: <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolske_klostre_i_Norge" target="_blank">Catholic monasteries in Norway</a>.<br />This is a tiny part of the happenings that explains how the Sami people lost the connection to the ancient history of the Nordic.<br />The Sami people are likely the same as the indigenous Laplanders and a merge of the Laplanders (lapps) and the first "pre-Christian Romans" i.e. the first <a href="http://oldgoths.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Nordic Goths</a> or Göter [the Göter people are likely the same as "Aser" (Ases) that from early on merged with the people of origin according the Nordic Saga's, and likely they are also related to the Kven people because the old Nordic people were also displaced to Finland after 1500]. These people (the Lapps and the ancient Goths) have been closely connected for thousands of years, therefore this distinction is only of interest for the sake of history. The colonizing of the Nordic and the displacement of the people of origin started after the reformation. The new colonizers redefined the ownership of history and started a severe oppression of the Sami using many different kinds of tools to enhance oppression, such as e.g. divide the people so that they could conquer their land, history and resources. Unfortunately the colonizing is still going on and the Sami people are still suffering from its ill effects. The Sami are still not included in the general and official ancient history of the Nordic.<br /><br />In the book “Fortsättning af Journalen öfver Missions-resor i Lappmarken innbefattende årene 1822 – 1832” P. Læstadius writes on page 491: It is incomprehensible how the Kven people could have been replaced from Upland to Torneå without any known battles and without any traces. They might have merged with Swedes and Lapps before they disappeared. The text by Læstadius indicates that this history has been oppressed for a long time and that the Kven people have something to do with the ancient Scandinavian Goths. Read here: <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/forsttningafjou00lsgoog" target="_blank">Forsättning af journalen öfver missions-resor i Lappmarken, innefattande ... (1833)</a> av Petrus Læstadius. Downloadable.<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438149924283885970" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_qvJ1HxTbCcBPr-tjOrG9eCqehWhYsyKyEPNINidGJR26ztOaO0gNGmYseeauoUj3PIW_gcN9R_fP549dav9-fjvmP6FHfLqf7Mtb76kntfSXYy4K4TUFxRpcuh2WMGn1-KWrVG_2QbY/s400/Bg751+-+Kopi.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 337px;" /> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Samisk lærer i Arvidsjaur, Västerbotten i Sverige. Sami School teacher in Arvidsjaur, Västerbotten in Sweden. Foto av Axel Calleberg tilhører Murberget, Länsmuseet Västernorrland. Photo is used with permission.</span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6mdz8xy9iu1or9djnaWixf99MmeaPLnPQiWvTW-Fvfpzb0kbdjITX1M32YTdBxgpmWgiKarFkZhuiP1gz7Mtf1-HI9GpqUHrrzZTO-kkeSzxt4lE-8N8eCYCcU6oz_8ApQdwucroCyys/s1600-h/Bg724+-+Kopi.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438151523671307346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6mdz8xy9iu1or9djnaWixf99MmeaPLnPQiWvTW-Fvfpzb0kbdjITX1M32YTdBxgpmWgiKarFkZhuiP1gz7Mtf1-HI9GpqUHrrzZTO-kkeSzxt4lE-8N8eCYCcU6oz_8ApQdwucroCyys/s400/Bg724+-+Kopi.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 307px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"> Sami family and slaughtered reindeers in front of their store houses, Sweden. Samisk familie med slaktede reinsdyr foran sine stabbur, Sverige. Foto av Axel Calleberg tilhører Murberget, Länsmuseet Västernorrland. Photo is used with permission. </span><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHjQue6Sv8eMKMvqbdXGkW-PJvcm-BRGg0cIZliwFjnBNcely2385_Npo-6zP9MNPuXIzGIQcRxpWwVhGCb4-J-qgzKW2R-TvaACwRZdA8Jy1sk-fz4lLFVoimiUmjuQjN-vVsK2-W3rY/s1600-h/Bg734+-+Kopi.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438150496779983778" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHjQue6Sv8eMKMvqbdXGkW-PJvcm-BRGg0cIZliwFjnBNcely2385_Npo-6zP9MNPuXIzGIQcRxpWwVhGCb4-J-qgzKW2R-TvaACwRZdA8Jy1sk-fz4lLFVoimiUmjuQjN-vVsK2-W3rY/s400/Bg734+-+Kopi.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 359px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Sami man and boy with a traditional ski pole in Sweden. They are likely Sami farmers. Foto av Axel Calleberg tilhører Murberget, Länsmuseet Västernorrland. Photo is used with permission.</span><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size: 180%;">Samene og deres undertrykte historie – Folket med en marginalisert historie.</span></strong><br />Når jeg vokste opp så lærte vi aldri om samenes historie, og for meg var det og fremdeles er det umulig å akseptere eller fordøye den negative informasjonen som så ofte er blitt kommunisert om det samiske folket. Som så mange andre så kjente ikke min familie mye til sin historie og den samiske befolkningen var og er fremdeles ekskludert fra den generelle eldgamle historien i Norden, trass i at de er opprinnelsesbefolkning. Kristne protestanter startet koloniseringen Norden fra tidlig på 1500-tallet. Tidlig i den protestantiske Lutheranske koloniseringen av Norden på 1500-tallet så var kongene i Danmark og Sverige støttet fra Tyskland. Det som utfoldet seg på den tiden er et skammens kapittel i kolonistenes historie og derfor er denne historien ikke så godt kjent; om tyveriet av land, om nedslaktningene av folk og fordrivingene av de gamle folkene. For eksempel angrep og drepte den svenske kongen Christian II folk i Uppsala og Stockholm (Blodbadet i Stockholm) på 1520-tallet, og disse angrepene markerte slutten på den katolske epoke og praktiseringen av den eldgamle førkristne religionen. De slaktet ned munkene i de katolske klostrene, for eksempel i Nydala. Det samme skjedde i Norge, til en slik grad at det ikke er noen spor igjen av enkelte av disse klostrene. Legg merke til hvilken tidsfestet periode de fleste av disse klostrene ble stengt: <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolske_klostre_i_Norge" target="_blank">Katolske klostre i Norge</a>.<br />Dette er en liten flik av den historien som vi ikke har hørt så mye om, men som er med på å forklare hvorfor samene mistet sin gamle historie her i Norden.<br /><br />P. Læstadius skriver på side 491 i boken “Fortsättning af Journalen öfver Missions-resor i Lappmarken innbefattende årene 1822 – 1832” at det ikke begripelig hvordan kvenene kunne ha blitt fordrevet fra Uppland til Torneå uten kjente slag og uten spor. De kunne ha blandet seg med svenskene og lappene før de forsvant. Teksten til Læstadius indikerer at denne historien har vært undertrykt svært lenge og at Kven folkene har noe å gjøre med de første skandinaviske gøtene. <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/forsttningafjou00lsgoog" target="_blank">Forsättning af journalen öfver missions-resor i Lappmarken, innefattande ... (1833)</a> av Petrus Læstadius. Boken kan lasted ned.<br /><br />Samene er sannsynligvis de opprinnelige folkene som før ble kalt "Lappene" og en sammensmelting av Lappene og de første førkristne romerne dvs. de første <a href="http://oldgoths.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">nordiske Göter</a>. [Götene var sannsynligvis "Asene", de blandet seg fra tidlig av med opprinnelsesbefolkningen i følge den gamle nordiske sagalitteraturen og har sannsynligvis også noe med Kvenene å gjøre fordi de gamle nordiske folkene også ble fordrevet til Finland after 1500]. Disse folkene (Lappene og Gøtene) har smeltet sammen over flere tusen år, derfor er dette skillet interessant kun for å forstå historien. Koloniseringen av Norden og forflyttningene av opprinnelsesfolket startet etter reformasjonen og de nye kolonistene redefinerte eierskapet til historien og startet med en alvorlig undertrykking av samene ved bruk av mange ulike typer hersketeknikker for å lette undertrykkingen, for eksempel ved å splitte folket og herske så overtok de land, historie og ressurser. Uheldigvis så pågår koloniseringen fremdeles og samene erfarer fremdeles de negative effektene av dette. Fremdeles i dag, så er ikke samene inkludert i den generelle og offisielle eldgamle historien i Norden.<br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_VlybMpgKmhURSvecIh3eadAfhfzgK-DEdQ1BE09lEtgTpWMJacxLCIJQg2ZVkJQTJXPYMdAdrHqCR3xWHFnnuv9MVwZblxNWjdvNLyn0Qb26BLAIh6A1IwZA3TksTg8xsnZ0foLLlMI/s1600-h/samisk+scannc0001+-+Kopi.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438001238223191698" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_VlybMpgKmhURSvecIh3eadAfhfzgK-DEdQ1BE09lEtgTpWMJacxLCIJQg2ZVkJQTJXPYMdAdrHqCR3xWHFnnuv9MVwZblxNWjdvNLyn0Qb26BLAIh6A1IwZA3TksTg8xsnZ0foLLlMI/s400/samisk+scannc0001+-+Kopi.jpg" style="display: block; height: 209px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> </center><span style="font-size: 85%;">Dette er en svensk samisk skoleklasse med lærer tidlig på 1930-tallet. This is a Sami school class with teacher in the early 1930’s. </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stensele" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Stensele</span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">, Västerbotten County in Sweden.</span><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeEKt-50mBcUTy0bzXbbATQcOX_QJpQ75kNCCI4hTWTkPum1j94BKel8DpThVLEWtKTWmo3ODY2iQQdxpNDxA5OKrudd4yg3tAnZCcH5AIrD5ZSWwvBAoEjadA1ZmfeDpUJLpDz2LwbPQ/s1600-h/samisk+scan0004a+-+Kopi.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438007005795327762" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeEKt-50mBcUTy0bzXbbATQcOX_QJpQ75kNCCI4hTWTkPum1j94BKel8DpThVLEWtKTWmo3ODY2iQQdxpNDxA5OKrudd4yg3tAnZCcH5AIrD5ZSWwvBAoEjadA1ZmfeDpUJLpDz2LwbPQ/s400/samisk+scan0004a+-+Kopi.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 361px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Sami girl and dog in Vemdalen, Härjedalen in Sweden. En samisk jente med hund i Vemdalen, Härjedalen i Sverige. Photo card by Einar Montén.</span><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS-NqaCQ_diUHwqh8mnNOMaoS_Rip4gTSdBUfp1UxKSwPF4xK263OwcpfwQQ_uo1Ezo4TeDdKLESchyphenhyphenMkF7l7uqt42sJR0xce8KjbXQy0bL847Mev11Ovn5f38Aghmq8YmArGhhfP2qDQ/s1600-h/samisk+scan0003a+-+Kopi.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438005868801676738" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS-NqaCQ_diUHwqh8mnNOMaoS_Rip4gTSdBUfp1UxKSwPF4xK263OwcpfwQQ_uo1Ezo4TeDdKLESchyphenhyphenMkF7l7uqt42sJR0xce8KjbXQy0bL847Mev11Ovn5f38Aghmq8YmArGhhfP2qDQ/s400/samisk+scan0003a+-+Kopi.jpg" style="display: block; height: 317px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></center><span style="font-size: 85%;">Two Sami girls in Vemdalen, Härjedalen in Sweden. To samiske jenter i Vemdalen, Härjedalen i Sverige. Photo card by Einar Montén.</span><br /><br /><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDUkP23OtmJZSkU5eoXR6VyVM2LNIRL8riWHAHm43CtHxR3ethnzSQZcvXV4lUDSAp5DU3-TfBop2_3Eo_Lo0WmNJNZl7I3oPGkW575jBJ-AZxiiLgUcUKxzx0oqRTyj8kCBDN3q07jes/s1600-h/samisk+scan0006a+-+Kopi.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438007571638755922" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDUkP23OtmJZSkU5eoXR6VyVM2LNIRL8riWHAHm43CtHxR3ethnzSQZcvXV4lUDSAp5DU3-TfBop2_3Eo_Lo0WmNJNZl7I3oPGkW575jBJ-AZxiiLgUcUKxzx0oqRTyj8kCBDN3q07jes/s400/samisk+scan0006a+-+Kopi.jpg" style="display: block; height: 269px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></center><span style="font-size: 85%;">Den samiske kunstneren Nils Nilsson Skum med mor Elli. The Sami artist Nils Nilsson Skum with mother Elli. Photo card by Carl Wennberg, Kiruna, Sweden.</span><br /><br /><center><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438009912257708226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOjpVPbyx7tcqEpCVSvc9hrrXZOUy37dUNIAySf6Zosvo3PnWr4HIR8ryiAB22oKd3tDZDaHxYbD_gpnB-gIKKNA7VnHyigLwZ7cqTzDxgnuJFnG_NPlGYECW1w7zTVp8bivJXFgRV6J4/s400/samisk+scan0001a+-+Kopi.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 262px;" /> </center><span style="font-size: 85%;">Samiske barn fra tidlig 1900-tall, Sverige. Sami children from early 1900, Sweden.</span><br /><br /><center><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438009269846784066" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU8pvgINgr-miwF7fouQ48s3464IXLTx5ubnZy-n9TO8LqshRx0aMjpoh9f_2rX4daeyPAJpb6hlHQ7gSir-OhVzdXQehL4cB5Swl3qmo89sS2X0nh6Tqca6j4gizLRsXwobhaitA_cIY/s400/samisk+scan0002a+-+Kopi.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 281px;" /></center><br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">A very old Sami man from Sweden. En svært gammel samisk mann fra Sverige. Photo card by Axel Eliasson, Stockholm.</span><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikjcUrl3PZCP2j2stFsrrjmBs8nDzKaWshuvR4eVCbCJ_jHaajUJ-4Klc-Ix_mEDbctEQxa5iYnQJ2Z6LefNG-S4ElJJj13DbSdHZqwYdpHFOwe67tctiUUfAV9RRXTIudbMEDDKjUPxo/s1600-h/4scan+18980001nyttnavn+-+Kopi.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438153219980606082" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikjcUrl3PZCP2j2stFsrrjmBs8nDzKaWshuvR4eVCbCJ_jHaajUJ-4Klc-Ix_mEDbctEQxa5iYnQJ2Z6LefNG-S4ElJJj13DbSdHZqwYdpHFOwe67tctiUUfAV9RRXTIudbMEDDKjUPxo/s400/4scan+18980001nyttnavn+-+Kopi.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 298px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Samisk mann i Sverige med hunder foran en gamme. Legg merke til hans tradisjonelle hatt og drakt. A Swedish Sami man with dogs in front of a turf hut. Pay attention to his traditional hat and costume.</span><br /><br /><center><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438015592503837058" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxzb4hZj-Dxg5unygm-u4WtJXV0BZczRXtoppEY35ogXatrgiEGs8OewqbCU2TH0r3MSJoOP6_wIrBm-_qdzhFrVnF3v5c2NHdC8InPihPnheNzSWYusOI6El416K7aYNQuS38FL4dhn8/s400/svensk+samisk+jente.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 260px;" /></center><span style="font-size: 78%;">Swedish Sami girl Dagny Marsja from Ratejokk. Svensk samisk jente Dagny Marsja fra Ratejokk. Photo card by Algård.</span><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size: 180%;"></span></strong><br /><strong><span style="font-size: 180%;">Slektsgranskning (genealogi) – Genealogical (Genealogy) Resources</span></strong><br /><br /><strong>NORWAY / NORGE </strong><br /><strong></strong><br /><a href="http://www.karabok.no/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1171&osCsid=dc47e6e66166a740c71137deda8e071f" target="_blank">Slekter i Indre Finnmark II. De eldste generasjoner</a> av Alf Strømstad.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.digitalarkivet.no/sako/slektsgransking.html" target="_blank">Lenker for Slektsgranskning - Links to genealogical resources</a><br /><br /><a href="http://troms.kulturnett.no/len/pub_sam.htm" target="_blank">Publikasjoner-Kilder til samisk historie</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.genealogylinks.net/europe/norway/index.html" target="_blank">Norwegian genealogical sites</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.rootsweb.com/~wgnorway/" target="_blank">Norwegian genealogy (Rootsweb)</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.rhd.uit.no/indexeng.html" target="_blank">The Norwegian Historical Data Centre (UiT - digital)</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.rhd.uit.no/index.html" target="_blank">Digital Registreringssentral for historiske data (UiT)</a><br /><br /><a href="http://digitalarkivet.uib.no/cgi-win/WebMeta.exe" target="_blank">Digitalarkivet(Norge): Folketellinger /Census for 1801, 1865, 1875, 1900 og skannede kirkebøker(Scanned Church archives) - Also in English</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.home.no/jan-4/index2.htm" target="_blank">Slektsdata (Sapmi Norge) – Sapmi Norway</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.troms-slekt.com/kven/" target="_blank">Troms KVEN slekt - Find KVEN Family in Troms Norway</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.troms-slekt.com/" target="_blank">Finn Troms slekt - Find family in Troms Norway</a><br /><br /><a href="http://inord.net/troms/fritid/slekt/" target="_blank">Slektsforskning i Troms</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.disnorge.no/slektsforum/index.php?sid=e525ca58454ef5138047438c5151e3aa" target="_blank">DIS forum Norge - DIS forum Norway</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=133&subject_disp=Norway&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Norway (General) in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=filmhitlist&columns=*%2C180%2C0&filmno=0124232" target="_blank">Kautokeino Finnmark Norway 1676 – 1916 in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=145252&subject_disp=Norway%2C+Finnmark&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Finnmark Norway in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=146428&subject_disp=Norway%2C+Troms&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Troms Norway in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=145774&subject_disp=Norway%2C+Nordland&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Nordland Norway in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=145673&subject_disp=Norway%2C+Nord%2DTr%C3%B8ndelag&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Nord-Trøndelag (Nord-Trondelag) Norway in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=146131&subject_disp=Norway%2C+S%C3%B8r%2DTr%C3%B8ndelag&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Sør-Trøndelag (Sor-Trondelag) Norway in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=145893&subject_disp=Norway%2C+Oppland&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Oppland Norway in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=145310&subject_disp=Norway%2C+Hedmark&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Hedemark Norway in Family Search</a><br /><br />”Østsamene i Neiden” av Enbusk, R., Lakselv 1984<br /><br />”Sør-Varanger – en kommune på skoltesamisk jord” av Gorter Grønvik, W.T.:i Sør-Varanger – en samisk kommune? Kirkenes 1981.<br /><br />”Sør-Varanger 1960-2005: Fra Malm til Mangfold” (Vol. 5 av Sør-Varangers historie] / Sør-Varanger historielag. - [Kirkenes] : Historielaget, 1997-2005. - 5 b.,441 s., ISBN 82-997145-0-8 (ib.)<br /><br />”Porsangerfolket”, Utg. Porsanger historie- og museumslag. Red. Kari Mohn Andersen ofl. 2003. 83 s. ISBN 82–91278–07–5. Henv. Porsanger historie- og museumslag v/Arvid Petterson, Brennelv, 9700 Lakselv.<br /><br />”Nesseby- og Polmakslekter” av Erik Schytte Blix, Oslo : Norsk folkemuseum, 1967.<br /><br />”Åårjel-saemieh : samer i sør” av Saemien Sijte, 1991.<br /><br />”Samer vest for Femund omkring år 1800 : Nils og Jonas Anderssøner” / Anders Løøv.<br /><br />"Befolkningen i Indre Finnmark på 1700-tallet " av Alf Strømstad og Kristian Fors, 2003.<br /><br />"Slekter i Indre Finnmark : de eldste generasjoner" av Alf Strømstad og Kristian Fors, 2006.<br /><br /><a href="http://homefree.freewave.no/~s104757/" target="_blank">"BEFOLKNINGEN I INDRE FINNMARK PÅ 1700-TALLET. NAVN OG TALL", kan kjøpes fra forfatterne Alf Strømstad og Kristian Fors</a><br /><br /><a href="http://home.online.no/~naslakse/SlektTips/Websider.html" target="_blank">NICs SLEKTSFORSKERTIPS </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.finnmark-slekt.com/" target="_blank">Genealogy / Slekt in Finnmark and Troms Norway</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.lokalhistorie.no/" target="_blank">Norsk Lokalhistorisk Institutt</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.lokalhistorie.no/slekt.html" target="_blank">Slektshistorie - introduksjon</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.lokalhistorie.no/bygdebok.html" target="_blank">Bygdebøker - introduksjon</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.dokpro.uio.no/friiskartene/1861/1861oversikt.html" target="_blank">J.A. Friis (1861): Etnografisk kart over Finnmark med tegnforklaringer og befolkningstabell. Boplasser er merket med Finner, Samer, Norske, eller Gammer og Hus</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.sagat.no/slekter/" target="_blank">Porsangerslekter</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.disnorge.no/genress/index.php?todo=visKategori&kid=104871" target="_blank">Genealogiske ressurser Sør-Varangerslekter og Sør-Varangers historie </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.varnjarga.com/govat/doc/aasmuk.pdf" target="_blank">Forfedrene til Anders Andersen Smuk</a><br /><br /><a href="http://url/" target="_blank">Karasjokslekter av Erik Schytte-Blix</a><br /><br /><a href="http://isbn2book.com/82-90036-27-2/karasjokslekter_erik_schytte_blix/" target="_blank">Erik Schytte-Blix</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.calliidlagadus.org/samegillii/index.php?girji=17" target="_blank">”Tanadalen - slekter, historie” av<br />Aage Solbakk.</a><br /><br /><a href="http://calliidlagadus.org/english/" target="_blank">About Aage Solbakk</a><br /><br />”Kautokeinoslekter” av Adolf Steen, 1. utg. 1952, 2. utg. / revidert og utvidet av Ola Aarseth, 1986, ISBN: 82-90036-26-4, Ovdasánit ja goargguid vuoddu ja historjá máiddái sámegillii.<br /><br />”Sør-Varanger slekter” av Erik Schytte Blix ; utg. av Norsk folkemuseum, Oslo : Universitetsforlaget, 1971<br /><br />Folketellingene 1845 og 1855 for Sør-Varanger. Originallister STATØ<br /><br />Folketellingen 1835 for Kautokeino. Originallister STATØ.<br /><br />Jordoppmålingsprotokoll fra Sør-Varanger; forretninger 1903-04. Sør-Varanger kommunes arkiv (fotokopi av sider tilsendt).<br /><br />Lunde, Aa.: Sør-Varangers historie. Vadsø 1979.<br /><br />St. Georgs kapell og den russisk-ortodokse kirkens historie i Neidenområdet, i Nordisk østforum 1988<br /><br />”Befolkningen i Sør-Varanger efter 1870” / Wessel, A.B., 1928, Tromsø Museums skrifter, Årg. 2, Festskrift til rektor Just Qvigstad, 1853-4.<br /><br /><a href="http://home.c2i.net/leiwn/TanaNesseby/nessebykirke.html" target="_blank">Nesseby kirke</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.varnjarga.com/norsk/index.php?sladja=5&vuolitsladja=1" target="_blank">Historikk fra Varanger</a><br /><br />”Optegnelser fra Sør-Varanger” / Wessel, A.B, 1977.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.varnjarga.com/govat/stuorra/kart.jpg" target="_blank">Kart over reinbeite distriktene I norden / Map over reindeer herding districts in the Nordic countries, 1996</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.tysfjord.kommune.no/sub_body.asp?meny_parent=390&side_id=204&divisjon=Hovedside-Norsk&meny_id=390" target="_blank">Tysfjords lokalnemnd for gårds- og slektshistorie </a><br /><br /><br /><strong>FINLAND </strong><br /><br /><a href="http://www.genealogia.fi/hiski/?en" target="_blank">The Genealogical Society of Finland (Hiski)</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.open.org/rumcd/genweb/finn.html" target="_blank">Finnish genealogical sites</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=111&subject_disp=Finland&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Finland (General) in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=136483&subject_disp=Finland%2C+Kuopio%2C+Lapinlahti&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Lapinlahti – Kuopio (Finland) in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=136912&subject_disp=Finland%2C+Uusimaa%2C+Lapinj%C3%A4rvi&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Lapinjärvi - Uusimaa (Finland) in Family Search </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.lapinkirjasto.fi/?deptid=12961" target="_blank">Lapin Kirjasto</a><br /><br />”Inarin lappalaiset sukunimet ja suvut” by Ilmari Itkonen, Helsinki : Pohjois-Pohjalainen osakunta, 1914<br /><br />”Morottajan suku” by A. Akujärvi, 1998<br /><br />“Me Sompiosta”, T. Alaluusua, 2002] (Helsinki : Edita)<br /><br />ANARŠ 1994. Vol. 7, Feeilâgeh já lasattâsah Sarre-suuvâ „allui (‚aalâ „ujoot Anarâš-loostâ elomáánu 1993-numerân) / Ilmari Mattus<br /><br />ANARŠ 1993. Vol. 6 Sare suuhâ / Ilmari Mattus<br /><br />ANARŠ 1992. Vol. 5- Mattus suuhâ / Ilmari Mattus- Feeilâgeh já lasattâsâh Mattus suuhâ nommâsii „allui / Ilmari Mattus<br /><br />”Enontekiön vanhoja sukuja 1800-luvun lopulle” /Salme & Toivo Tuominen, 2000<br /><br /><strong>FINLAND & SWEDEN</strong><br /><a href="http://hem.passagen.se/kuoksu/links.htm" target="_blank">Länker til slektsforskning i Finland og Sverige – Genealogical links Sweden and Finland</a><br /><br /><br /><strong>SWEDEN / SVERIGE </strong><br /><br /><a href="http://www.svar.ra.se/web/web.asp?uidObjectGUID=%7B9BCE8D60-1DC2-43AD-A33C-B758BAE5ACEE%7D" target="_blank">Swedish Department of National Archives (SVAR)</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.svar.ra.se/" target="_blank">Sveriges Riksarkiv SVAR</a><br /><br /><a href="http://genealogi.aland.net/discus/" target="_blank">Sverige Anbytarforum - Swedish genealogical forum</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.genealogi.se/samer/form.php" target="_blank">Samefynd i Sverige - Some Finds of Saami families in Sweden</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.rootsweb.com/~wgsweden/" target="_blank">Swedish genealogical sites</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=135&subject_disp=Sweden&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Sweden (General) in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=147312&subject_disp=Sweden%2C+J%C3%A4mtland&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Jämtland (Sverige) in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=149408&subject_disp=Sweden%2C+V%C3%A4sterbotten&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Västerbotten (Sverige) in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=148268&subject_disp=Sweden%2C+Norrbotten&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Norrbotten (Sverige) in Family Search</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.skelleftea.org/forening/fss/" target="_blank">Skelleftebygdens Släktforskare</a><br /><br /><a href="http://genealogi.aland.net/bokkatalog/merinfo.php?id=2086" target="_blank">”Samer & Nybyggare i inlandet och fjällvärlden” / Kjell-Åke Lundström</a><br /><br /><a href="http://genealogi.aland.net/bokkatalog/merinfo.php?id=1227" target="_blank">”Sorsele: Släkter från nutid till 1600-talet” Thea Hälleberg, Föreningen DIS, 2000.</a><br /><br />Ljungs Familjeregister för Kareduando (Enontekis) Församling 1720-1923 2 bind, registrert av Lenvik Bygdemuseum 1995.<br /><br />Karesuando samesläkter: Johannes Marainen. Sámiid Riikasearvi Umeå.<br /><br />”Karesuando samesläkter” / Johannes MarainenUmeå : Svenska samernas riksförbund (SSR), [1997]ISBN: 91-88204-04-9<br /><br />”De gamla kyrkoböckerna och pastorsexpeditionerna i Jukkasjärvi, Vittangi, Karesuando församlingar” / Jan-Erik Johansson (red.), Kiruna kyrkliga samfällighet, 1999.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.lsbf.vilhelmina.com/" target="_blank">Lappmarkens Släkt och Bygdeforskare</a><br /><br /><br /><strong>RUSSIA - RUSSLAND - Кострома́</strong><br /><strong></strong><br /><a href="http://www.doukhobor.org/" target="_blank">Doukhobor Genealogy Website Russia </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=113&subject_disp=Russia&columns=*,0,0" target="_blank">Russia (General) in Family Search</a><br /><br /><strong></strong><br /><strong>GENERAL </strong><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/FHLC/frameset_fhlc.asp" target="_blank">1 Family Search (Internet Genealogy Service)</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/&LDS=1" target="_blank">2 Family Search (Internet Genealogy Service)</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/default.asp" target="_blank">3 Family Search (Internet Genealogy Service)</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/default.asp" target="_blank">Free PAF (Family History Software) found in this page</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.borgos.nndata.no/Samer.htm" target="_blank">The Sami people: genealogy site by Johan I. Borgos</a><br /><br /><a href="http://medlem.spray.se/jaaaaa/Slektforskning.htm" target="_blank">Släktforskning från öst till väst</a><br /><br /><a href="http://troms.kulturnett.no/len/pub_sam.htm" target="_blank">Publikasjoner: Kilder til Samisk historie</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.borgos.nndata.no/jborgose.htm" target="_blank">Slekt & Historie</a><br /><br /><strong>EMIGRATION</strong><br /><a href="http://www.baiki.org/content/alaskachron/pre1890.htm" target="_blank">Saami in Alaska and Canada</a><br /><br /><a href="http://members.tripod.com/Baiki/alaska.htm" target="_blank">Sami immigrants to America</a><br /><br />"Samer, rein og gull i Alaska" av Ørnulv Vorren, 1989.<br />"Saami, reindeer, and gold in Alaska : the emigration of Saami from Norway to Alaska" , Prospect Heights, Ill. : Waveland Press, 1994.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.dorrancebookstore.com/farnocoreyos.html" target="_blank">”Far Northern Connections: Researching Your Sami (and other) Ancestors in Northern Norway, Sweden, </a><a href="http://www.dorrancebookstore.com/farnocoreyos.html" target="_blank">Finland and Russia” by Virginia Mattson-Schultz</a><br /><br /><a href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg2&CISOPTR=525&REC=2" target="_blank">Saami family from Tromso, Norway, Teller, Alaska, 1898</a><br /><br /><a href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg11&CISOPTR=8&REC=1" target="_blank">Alaska, Fairbanks, Sami Reindeer Herders, Group Portrait</a><br /><br /><a href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg2&CISOPTR=2647&REC=13" target="_blank">Saami couple , Nome, Alaska</a><br /><br /><a href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg2&CISOPTR=2647&REC=13" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://home.online.no/~arneng/sami/nindex.htm" target="_blank">AV SÁPMIS ÆTT: Solveig og Rudolph Johnsons slektshistorie</a><br />"A History of the <strong>Norwegians</strong> in Illinois" (Chicago: J. Anderson Publishing Co.), 1905 by Algot E. Strand.<br />Algot E. Strand: A History of the <strong>Swedish-Americans</strong> of Minnesota. Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Co. 1910.<br /><a href="http://genloc.com/NorStory/CINProj/Biblio.htm" target="_blank">On Norwegian Settlement in the United States</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.nb.no/emigrasjon/emigration/biblio/4th_inst.html" target="_blank">The Promise of America</a><br />"My Minneapolis: a Chronicle of What Has Been Learned and Observed About the Norwegians in Minneapolis Through One Hundred Years" (1956) by Carl G. Hanson.<br />"A Century of Urban Life: the Norwegians in Chicago Before 1930" (1988) by Odd Lovoll.<br /><br /><a href="http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~iltrico/" target="_blank">ILLINOIS NORWEGIAN TRI-COUNTY/TRI-TOWNSHIP GENEALOGY GUILD HOME PAGE</a><br /><a href="http://www.ellisislandimmigrants.org/ellis_island_records.htm" target="_blank">The Ellis Island Records</a><br /><br /><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Noen sentrale samiske sokn og lokale arkivnavn / Some Saami Nordic parishes and local archive names:</span></b><br /><br />Sweden, County (Län) and Parish (Socken): e.g. Norrbotten, Church Registers (Kyrkoböker) and Swedish Church (Svenska kyrkan).<br />Norway County (Fylke) and Parish (Sokn): e.g. Finnmark Kautokeino, Church Registers (Kirkebøker) and Norwegian Church (Den norske kirke).<br />Norway Finnmark Porsanger, old name of the Parish is Kjelvik.<br />Finland County (Lääni) and Parish (Seurakunta): e.g. Lappi Enontekiö, Church Registers (Kirkonkirjat) and Finnish Church (Suomen kirkko).<br />Finland Lappi Kittilä.<br />Finland Lappi Utsjoki.<br />Finland Lappi Inari.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><center><object height="255" width="400"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/VDApK1BjsmY&hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/VDApK1BjsmY&hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="400" height="255"></embed></object></center></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-86742177685192173932009-11-01T03:03:00.023+01:002010-04-04T22:16:53.996+02:00Old photos, weaving and Jarŋŋa - Gamle foto, veving og Jarŋŋa<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJr5TIZFuExvxmX-KusqpPm-NsKuYG1BI3xgLC8Dz5jsZQVJDEaXhRhGVaBTknOCnkRlXqejob-JCZibv0rWEiofurbN-SXdNMPMcRoT7iTFNC7qgK94v7PsPyuiqabeaZ807_A_-wEtjx/s1600-h/LAPP+MOTHER+AND+BABY+-+Kopi.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398897438031784162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJr5TIZFuExvxmX-KusqpPm-NsKuYG1BI3xgLC8Dz5jsZQVJDEaXhRhGVaBTknOCnkRlXqejob-JCZibv0rWEiofurbN-SXdNMPMcRoT7iTFNC7qgK94v7PsPyuiqabeaZ807_A_-wEtjx/s400/LAPP+MOTHER+AND+BABY+-+Kopi.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Sami woman with child in cradleboard, from Troms or Finnmark in Norway. Samisk kvinne med barn i komse fra Troms eller Finnmark. Photo credits to <a href="http://www.throughtheireyes2.co.uk/" target="_blank">Through Their Eyes: Military Archive by James Payne</a></span><br />
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Jarŋŋa - Äno jiedna <br />
<center><object height="325" width="400"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/GkHoznkMb_w&hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/GkHoznkMb_w&hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="400" height="325"></embed></object></center> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Swedish Band. Here performing at a concert in Jokkmokk. Svensk samisk band som her opptrer i Jokkmokk. Katarina Rimpi: Vocal. Brita Stina Sjaggo: Vocal. Mandy Senger: Guitar. Jan Östlund Kontrabas. Toni Geiling: Fiolin<br />
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<center><a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/2009/10/nomad-sami-woman-with-children-late.html" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398899564177293970" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ74az8QiORqfZCN8nMjuQuTW6j4kOrqx4z-vIoiQRJIFD_YXskyuubk3RYHiUJufrk9aYz3hmFYunQzE2VU40JAtnIiAivEOniLMck2pIcwcVhs6feJpcvtKjI5mNbY3jm9pdC9Zz0K5_/s400/900dpi+nomad+saami+late+1800eds+-+Kopi+-+Kopi.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 222px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 78%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Klikk på bildet for en en stor versjon. Click on the photo for a large version.</span> </span></center> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Young Sami semi-nomad woman with children in the area of northern Norway and Sweden. Ung samisk nomade kvinne med barn i området Nord-Norge og Nord-Sverige. </span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398899856462894770" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyy_UpMVZ56pyQJEhIJ7TsCMSdgvJlVsl1x2dsHBaVkvxaOPJFn_Z4YZoWlfEdmRdON_rJUbkzJYdTSQ3dgEu3uraARd-8vR3mRiT7fP1Iozsx79SPT5psxccHxM3X95RIAf7iEhi0lV_r/s400/Nomad+Saami+children+late+1800eds+jpg2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 389px;" /><span style="font-size: 85%;">Samisk nomade gutt i nordlige Skandinavia. Sami nomad boy in northern Scandinavia.</span> Ca. 1880 -1900.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398899686376801810" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP8F7e_CkDu3PtjmVJFU67RKj3_Sm2MZGiWQp9VtHXkcT3_suDCK3EZPiYL8hSHtyDbPF1uvEXJXVHCVSGuHZzXuQEBOzF8a4DqfnBI_HFBEv2kwcYsyvkh4mkJKtD2b4TZu8cebDH5thQ/s400/Nomad+Saami+children+late+1800eds+jpg1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 337px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 85%;">To samiske barn i Nord Skandinavia. Two Sami children in northern Scandinavia. Ca. 1880-1900. </span><br />
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<center><a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/2009/10/sami-families-in-norway-samiske.html" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398900076996682530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiK8J91jl3z-qUdmEwa3MAK1s00izLA65AuPZmZusc0l3AbQWexZRYNF720RronK6GIaWOVQ37pxyLUYZ3O4t4RSLT7PV9sMpw3d25dOEVxujyB9daVqndl4XxkbXCrIIwhyphenhypheny0P5kymkCO/s400/Norway+Sami+early+1900eds.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 375px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">Klikk på bildet for en stor versjon. Click on the photo for a large version.</span> </span></center> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Norwegian Sami families, early 1900s. Norske samiske familier tidlig på 1900-tallet. </span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398899056763511426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh77jQFFICuO5iULTX4iTg-grugGbLDCDi0ay1NCqxvu8viSU2qYbTFL0NsUEuTdM3oEnKaHE7a8e-TuXYw5KiL_jdKhV3_pEX6WIfxEGM9UYzxx1WYDeCZdgFragObIcu5bKGocUrQVtve/s400/sami+families1+-+Kopi.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 359px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 85%;">Norsk samisk familie tidlig på 1900-tallet. Norwegian Sami family early 1900s. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3z1fOeHU5cRmDX4HtKBgRwMNQMseYwMEu9CENpr1xCnBAwKCaU_yNFf4rAneK3k_Dg9feOIzmtKRINNUkk-v_xbZSulEBsM7AiNagoe65fpcjwO1x1lU5zrUWyvN6GZeVYfvPepyw-RMh/s1600-h/NF+Greneveving.+Skoltesamene+Darja+og+Naska+Moshnikov+demonstrerer+grenveveing+p%C3%A5+F%C3%B6llis%C3%B6en,+Helsinki+Universitet,+Finland+1955.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398903588274738082" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3z1fOeHU5cRmDX4HtKBgRwMNQMseYwMEu9CENpr1xCnBAwKCaU_yNFf4rAneK3k_Dg9feOIzmtKRINNUkk-v_xbZSulEBsM7AiNagoe65fpcjwO1x1lU5zrUWyvN6GZeVYfvPepyw-RMh/s400/NF+Greneveving.+Skoltesamene+Darja+og+Naska+Moshnikov+demonstrerer+grenveveing+p%C3%A5+F%C3%B6llis%C3%B6en,+Helsinki+Universitet,+Finland+1955.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 305px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">The Russian Skolt Sami women Darja og Naska Moshnikov living in Finland, here they are demostrating traditional Sami "Grene" weaving. De russiske Skoltsamiske kvinnene Darja og Naska Moshnikov som bor i Finland demostrerer her tradisjonell samisk greneveving. Photo. Helsinki Universitet, 1955. Credits to: <a href="http://www.norskfolkemuseum.no/" target="_blank">Norsk Folkemuseum</a></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSayw0jJan9Q6M2NYUmhcc2CajIOUo1HK7D_TFz92O6FNrty9RT8-P9LqzDb7I6yc3bSK00rc5zP90GXYDlcj-Mz0OC4GG1B-dwmyWElhLzQOsMga7ti0J3kBrKXR8CeTapm1nWrRwQi3n/s1600-h/vevskje+samisk.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398903699451313490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSayw0jJan9Q6M2NYUmhcc2CajIOUo1HK7D_TFz92O6FNrty9RT8-P9LqzDb7I6yc3bSK00rc5zP90GXYDlcj-Mz0OC4GG1B-dwmyWElhLzQOsMga7ti0J3kBrKXR8CeTapm1nWrRwQi3n/s400/vevskje+samisk.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 200px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">Vakkert dekorert vevredskap med tradisjonelt samisk mønster. Denne er fra Västerbotten i Sverige. Beautifully decorated loom tool with traditional Sami decorations. This is from Västerbotten in Sweden. </span><br />
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Grenevevde tekstiler har blitt vevd av og brukt av samene svært lenge. Grene er kalt for "Rana" i Sverige. Grenevevde tekstiler ble brukt som tepper, teltduk, til enkelte typer klær og som seil for store og små båter.<br />
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<a href="http://www.vuonan.no/lyngenkofta/hefte_sjoesamisk_klesbruk_i_gamle_lyngen/12_kvinnenes_lue" target="_blank">Greneveving</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.manndalen-husflidslag.no/grene.31485.no.html" target="_blank">Greneveving, Manndalen Husflidslag</a><br />
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The traditional "Grene" textile have been woven and used for a long time by the Sami people. "Grene" is called "Rana" in Sweden. Grene textiles were used as carpets, tent canvas, to make some types of clothing and as sails for larger and smaller boats.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj27-u3Vhimtf_EGk6zYz0eyGem-cZP2_ENQ2nCdwl5UMAdvLvnScjbyvpoAvYMrlePKcQgbaylMGS6GG-XsW5U_ptcPN1MAR1-zN2zrCLwElEvm8V__sF941nNoBGUPxdGeGE-4II1Jcic/s1600-h/LAPP+BOAT.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398931550985574130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj27-u3Vhimtf_EGk6zYz0eyGem-cZP2_ENQ2nCdwl5UMAdvLvnScjbyvpoAvYMrlePKcQgbaylMGS6GG-XsW5U_ptcPN1MAR1-zN2zrCLwElEvm8V__sF941nNoBGUPxdGeGE-4II1Jcic/s400/LAPP+BOAT.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 320px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"> This is a smaller type of sail boat used by the Sami. Unfortunately this one has not hoist sails. This photo is probably from Tromsø, Norway. Dette er en mindre båttype brukt til seiling av samene. Beklageligvis har denne ikke heiste seil. Dette foto er sannsynligvis fra Tromsø. Photo credits to: <a href="http://www.throughtheireyes2.co.uk/" target="_blank">Through Their Eyes: Military Archive by James Payne</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6CSX3DNGHZAISeDERoyp1mXVRP2ZnnP_AHgnCKa9LpZ6LOzxRWJDWb5l243GHlmFjHtTVr7nXsk9Sq4tPpXHYGRQcUlQDW_PK-7JCDrlXDmx2amlkIEjLR1Iiu710TXU5rdeY9I8GgzN2/s1600-h/Swedish+Sami+people+early+1900eds.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398903923807437746" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6CSX3DNGHZAISeDERoyp1mXVRP2ZnnP_AHgnCKa9LpZ6LOzxRWJDWb5l243GHlmFjHtTVr7nXsk9Sq4tPpXHYGRQcUlQDW_PK-7JCDrlXDmx2amlkIEjLR1Iiu710TXU5rdeY9I8GgzN2/s400/Swedish+Sami+people+early+1900eds.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 252px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">Samisk familie i Sverige og Lavvo. Legg merke til det grenevevde teppet i teltduken. Sami family in Sweden and the tent (Lavvo). Pay attention to the traditionally woven "Grene" textile that is part of the tent canvas. </span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398906067449572098" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiyu00JTNHDjYFCBqay2msPc19yVMEPwUFoskeJMCWsT3prF7N_5Tq_XYogph1NukoZ4FFonRJ4yjkpUI_CnHFkTPEVBGcWouq-EQJ8Foq6PS0ag8z9p89Qh5PbYpwgJNnhh2jQ3Hbkfp1/s400/Sami+father+and+children+early+1900s+Sweden.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 387px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 85%;">Svensk samisk mann og barn tidlig på 1900-tallet. Swedish Sami man with children in the early 1900s.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD4wB010gGahr5aL9JzolcpDhGfP1Sj_mpBy8Z6q7m6_eQoIWvBuU3L6I61QdbXGuTplaH4f97XGBGwtI6AwjBEkvKfTmQiB0SvlDuGZPHEOwDpk0MG1AJHnAX0khYyID1DYnir0NR8wlx/s1600-h/31+knud+leem+finnmark+lapper+1767.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398904207556225618" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD4wB010gGahr5aL9JzolcpDhGfP1Sj_mpBy8Z6q7m6_eQoIWvBuU3L6I61QdbXGuTplaH4f97XGBGwtI6AwjBEkvKfTmQiB0SvlDuGZPHEOwDpk0MG1AJHnAX0khYyID1DYnir0NR8wlx/s400/31+knud+leem+finnmark+lapper+1767.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 347px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">Grenevevde tepper ble brukt i Lavvo eller gammer. Dette er en tegning av Knud Leem fra Porsanger i Finnmark i begynnelsen av 1700-tallet. The traditional Sami "Grene" textile were used in Lavvo tents and peat huts. This is a drawing by Knud Leem from Porsanger in Finnmark, Norway in the early 1700s. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsor2WvEaNsghDpPxXNa0IIbxzLjySyNysOkemQG9DgEN2ioSiYOxMeymtYFO6SyFmo62txmdwawW1d746Yl8Q_ZA8KcoRZb36K3jlylNzxHrg8Ik7sUMS-4sbvHrPbzR17Yi5pm_EVJ0m/s1600-h/NF+portrett+av+3+kvinner+med+samedrakter+fra+Karasjok,+foto+av+Konrad+Nielsen.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398903134048103650" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsor2WvEaNsghDpPxXNa0IIbxzLjySyNysOkemQG9DgEN2ioSiYOxMeymtYFO6SyFmo62txmdwawW1d746Yl8Q_ZA8KcoRZb36K3jlylNzxHrg8Ik7sUMS-4sbvHrPbzR17Yi5pm_EVJ0m/s400/NF+portrett+av+3+kvinner+med+samedrakter+fra+Karasjok,+foto+av+Konrad+Nielsen.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 285px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">Dette er et samisk portrett av en kvinne og to jenter fra Karasjok. Legg merke til samekoftene som er vevd med stiper. This is a Sami portrait of a woman and two girls from Karasjok, Norway. Pay attention to the woven traditional costumes with stripes. Photo by Konrad Nielsen. Credits to <a href="http://www.norskfolkemuseum.no/" target="_blank">Norsk Folkemuseum</a></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw2Qic4HCboLxwEfKd89J-CH9BMl5Mwb04gN81ikpDgroqCXl2C3j3J4Awzjwz3B6c0LfU1IFfA_RhCoIn912-1WaFq7ZYVwxisswnEGzrfUEE8KbauiBAYBINq1G_WNpqDz5e9PBmASGz/s1600-h/00+Saami+family+Utsjok+Finland.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398902870840339570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw2Qic4HCboLxwEfKd89J-CH9BMl5Mwb04gN81ikpDgroqCXl2C3j3J4Awzjwz3B6c0LfU1IFfA_RhCoIn912-1WaFq7ZYVwxisswnEGzrfUEE8KbauiBAYBINq1G_WNpqDz5e9PBmASGz/s400/00+Saami+family+Utsjok+Finland.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 262px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">A Sami family from Utsjok in Finland. En samisk familie fra Utsjok i Finland.</span><br />
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Jarŋŋa: "Jåvna vuolle"<br />
<center><object height="325" width="400"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/f2Iod5y8Cbo&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/f2Iod5y8Cbo&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="325" width="400"></embed></object></center><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYPU6ROeY-fZTQkWgerbt3UwXt_zekXNOIxf9_sK4XyR2o1DqyWs7CZF-28cQ7v54_jdzyKMGbYUzNGdDnWJStH14OfIvt3L5QtC6ichmgWCUhtZ6uNZz_eggPjH3HM9h2k53pfJQEtqui/s1600-h/Saami+girls++Finland.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398902660500846018" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYPU6ROeY-fZTQkWgerbt3UwXt_zekXNOIxf9_sK4XyR2o1DqyWs7CZF-28cQ7v54_jdzyKMGbYUzNGdDnWJStH14OfIvt3L5QtC6ichmgWCUhtZ6uNZz_eggPjH3HM9h2k53pfJQEtqui/s400/Saami+girls++Finland.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 278px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">Sami girls from Finland. Samiske jenter fra Finland.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitro_YFTNCSHWpbHVsIQIEbujhu6zDiKnc7GYTpEsPUBvd8eEcS9_mFBN1zBf0ovnG86vI6D05tC7gF92ESCs79JC4-1Svy5cdxBhO8l4lmps-E1U1rDa2nwOssWpmZY-QLkUt2Q9x_fgU/s1600-h/Lektion+Sami+Nomad+school+sweden.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398902427933004082" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitro_YFTNCSHWpbHVsIQIEbujhu6zDiKnc7GYTpEsPUBvd8eEcS9_mFBN1zBf0ovnG86vI6D05tC7gF92ESCs79JC4-1Svy5cdxBhO8l4lmps-E1U1rDa2nwOssWpmZY-QLkUt2Q9x_fgU/s400/Lektion+Sami+Nomad+school+sweden.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 257px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">Swedish Nomad Sami school. Svensk samisk nomadeskole.<br />
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<center><a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/2009/10/northern-swedish-sami-nomad-group-nord.html" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398901029960656866" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ3so3xc-IDTxl54xCcx3hSDNWCVXHHX3L4MbWrcJyeWPLSdRdcB_cO8Ca3RFOnPEf7m0_w6tvmeoBgl0KrEsZ9y5KReooySAzkNmcpy-j0fNguVUBzjdwdR2Xub3vi9BjsTCpKdG3kffa/s400/Sami+family+in+Lappland+Sweden.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 301px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 78%; font-weight: bold;">Klikk på bildet for en stor versjon. Click on the photo for a large version. </span></center> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Svensk samisk gruppe med nomadesamer. Personen som sitter som nummer tre fra høyre er Kristina Persdotter. Fra ca. 1880-årene. Swedish Sami nomad group. The person that sits as number three from the right is Kristina Persdotter. The photo is from about 1880s.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9wSx02X41A72FttA2o5v5Spsk-ME2LYOHP-ZPWN1DHwC03eaNLnlDRYRxw-WMWxA9F3U_MUo-ZH40oiTXpNCihQ-o0WEVt6z1IYFyLBj2J56tOkv9yDLv8mRzSm_biyaDH9gZpgaF0AWL/s1600-h/saami+group11.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398900746875121170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9wSx02X41A72FttA2o5v5Spsk-ME2LYOHP-ZPWN1DHwC03eaNLnlDRYRxw-WMWxA9F3U_MUo-ZH40oiTXpNCihQ-o0WEVt6z1IYFyLBj2J56tOkv9yDLv8mRzSm_biyaDH9gZpgaF0AWL/s400/saami+group11.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 346px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMjNpA9_9tb56DtpRzi-nElKveIcx0jAvqhzVgbHmChellXITcRgsVOZPvCn6akBtPNcL6VnJcpxT3BhYL4B3N01cCuHclMftcliSAe_r_uQydUjVYSyKCdStTldCK9oEfoHm-mMpQ9Ou-/s1600-h/LAPPS.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398900536153878130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMjNpA9_9tb56DtpRzi-nElKveIcx0jAvqhzVgbHmChellXITcRgsVOZPvCn6akBtPNcL6VnJcpxT3BhYL4B3N01cCuHclMftcliSAe_r_uQydUjVYSyKCdStTldCK9oEfoHm-mMpQ9Ou-/s400/LAPPS.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 379px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Sami nomad woman from northern Scandinavia. This seems to be Kristina Andersdotter Gunnare, Könkämä, Sweden in the 1880s. She belonged to a group of Sami semi-nomads that moved the reindeer herds from Sweden to Norway during the summers. Samisk nomade kvinne fra områdene i Nord-Skandinavia. Dette ser ut til å være Kristina Andersdotter Gunnare, Könkämä, Sverige i 1880-årene. Hun tilhørte en gruppe halvnomadiske samer som flyttet med reinsdyra fra Sverige til Norge om sommeren. Photo Credits to: <a href="http://www.throughtheireyes2.co.uk/" target="_blank">Through Their Eyes: Military Archive by James Payne</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-70222809779752378932009-07-28T01:34:00.341+02:002011-02-19T07:58:19.606+01:00The Ancient Gods of the Sami – De gamle samiske gudene<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363304870439367778" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuhYutSKeveUxlm5wcXzPp9vs24n06bbDTR3RqQ3iyIhXjbEMYwfxLvndR5CRVzdqvNbCTY8rPfBJhXnGkpEvTBxxAYQzVKMqwAuek0WKu2-JLdYbvm9xoKgi5bFI0gz7CT0nWGKRf_3I/s400/From+John+Scheffers+lapponica+1674.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 269px;" /> <span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: 85%;">This picture is an Illustration in "The History of Lapland" by John or Johannes Scheffer, a book that was first published in Latin with the title "Lapponia" (1673). An illustration of the pagan religion divided in different cosmological levels as some<b> <a href="http://old.no/samidrum/" target="_blank"">Sami drums</a></b>: 1) The 3 Upper-world Gods. 2) The 3 Gods of this world, i.e. the worldly Heaven and Earth. 3) Gods of the Underworld. The horned figure at the top is likely a symbol of The Almighty Sun God Radien as is the reindeer rug which is reaching all levels, including to all areas governed by the other Gods. The Sami drum is possible a depiction of The Great Mother Goddess Materakka i.e. the mother of creation. The mother goddess is depicted with a frame drum in other ancient Religons e.g. the archaic Roman culture. The mother of creation, by the christian priests often confused as Sarakka (<a href="http://www.stenudd.se/myter/samiskskapelse-7.htm" target="_blank"">von Westen</a>, 1723, see S. Stensudd). The carved phallus at the upper left might be a symbol of the the Son Materakka and Radien. As I have understood this old mythology so far, it is normally the male fertility God that is symbolized with a wooden or stone phallus, however here it is the Son of the heavenly Gods. The Son is by the Sami called <a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2010-12-12T05:43:00-08:00&max-results=1" target="_blank"">Jubmel or Ibmel</a> , and likely had other names as well. <a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2010-12-12T05:10:00-08:00&max-results=1" target="_blank"">Thora Galles</a> (Tiermes when he thunders) is the God of the sky and of thunder and holds the sledge. <a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2010-12-12T05:45:00-08:00&max-results=1" target="_blank"">Storjunkare</a> God with a shuffle or spade is the earthly male God of fertility. Sarakka or <a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2010-12-12T05:07:00-08:00&max-results=1" target="_blank"">Wirku Akka</a> / Wirku Akka is the wordly goddess of fertility and is not depicted here. Biekagalles is the God of the storm and the underworld, here sitting and sewing on a boat.<br />Dette bildet er en illustrasjon fra en bok om Lapplands historie av John eller Johannes Scheffer, boken ble først publisert på Latin med tittelen "Lapponia" (1673). Illustrasjonen av den hedenske religion viser ulike kosmologiske nivåer som finnes på noen <a href="http://old.no/samidrum/" target="_blank""><b>Samiske runebommer</b></a>: 1) De 3 gudene i over-verdenen. 2) Tre guder av denne verden, dvs. den verdslige himmelske og jordiske verden. 3) Gudene i underverden. Figuren med horn øverst i midten er sannsynligvis et symbol for den allmektige Solguden Radien som strekker seg over alle nivå (her symbolisert av reinsdyrskinnet), inkludert til alle områdene styrt av de andre gudene. Runebommen er muligens en avbilding av den store morsgudinnen Mater Akka som betyr "skapelsens mor". Morsgudinnen er avbildet med en rammetromme i andre gamle religoner, for eksempel i den arkaisk romerske kulturen. Skapelsens mor av enkelte kristne prester forvirret med Sarakka (<a href="http://www.stenudd.se/myter/samiskskapelse-7.htm" target="_blank"">von Westen</a>, 1723, se S. Stensudd). Den utskårne fallos øverst til venstre kan være et symbol på Sønnen til Materakka og Radien. Fra hva jeg så langt har forstått av denne mytologien så er det normalt sett den mannlige fertilitetsguden som er symbolisert med en fallos symbol i tre eller i hugget i stein, men her er det altså sønnen til de øverste gudene i over-verdenen. Sønnen ble av samene kalt <a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2010-12-12T05:43:00-08:00&max-results=1" target="_blank"">Jubmel eller Ibmel</a> , og hadde sannsynligvis også andre navn. Tordenguden <a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2010-12-12T05:10:00-08:00&max-results=1" target="_blank"">Thora Galles</a> (kalt Tiermes når han tordner) holder en slede og er gud av den fysiske himmel og av torden. <a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2010-12-12T05:45:00-08:00&max-results=1" target="_blank"">Storjunkare</a> som er avbildet med lyster eller en spade er jordens fertilitetsgud. Sarakka eller <a href="http://saamiphoto.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2010-12-12T05:07:00-08:00&max-results=1" target="_blank"">Wirku Akka</a> / Wirku Acca er den jordlige fruktbarhetsgudinnen og er ikke avbildet. Biekagalles er stormens og underverdenens gud, her avbildet sittende mens han syr på en båt.<br /></span><br />In Lapponica the Gods of the Sami are frequently compared to Roman and Greek Gods. E.g. like the Roman Neptune and Greek Poseidon hold a trident the Sami God (illustrated to the right) holds a spear. However there is a more obvious and close connection with Sami mythology and the mythology of the Goths.<br /><br />I boken Lapponica sammenliknes ofte de samiske guder med de romerske og greske guder. Den illustrerte samiske guden (til høyre) holder et lyster, på samme måte som den Romerske Neptun og den greske Poseidon holder en trident. Det er et mer sannsynlig og nærliggende forhold mellom den samiske og den gøtiske mytologi.<br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ibmel & Jubmel</span></span><br />In Sami language there are general words for God and Deity: From Stockfleth (1852): “God” is in Northern Sami “Ibmel” and in Swedish- and Southern Sami “Jubmel” or “Ibmal”. ”Deity” is in Northern Sami “ibmelvuot” and in Swedish- and Southern Sami “jubmelvuot”.<br /><br />Det finnes generelle ord for Gud og Guddom på samisk, fra Stockfleth (1852): ”Gud” er på nordsamisk ”Ibmel” og på svensk- og sørsamisk ”Jubmel” eller ”Ibmal”. ”Guddom” er på nordsamisk “ibmelvuot” og på svensk- og sørsamisk “jubmelvuot”.<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5370121922141847410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL12QnCdsJLfRWOnzIYn7J_ysAmKZY4WaOUYGqaYolaGinNfpOZRH4xYLHhCXQHsptoFL_UUNH_evPHgcayKmwGfW7RVAYM3nKSl3a3flzRceehDVb85TV5fdEkfXzoyCJTUle2F_JQIA/s400/Center+of+a+norwegian+Sami+runebomme+-+the+sun+with+beams.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 370px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">A Sami Drum after the Nærø manuscript (published c. 1723), Norway. Descriptions and interpretations can be found at <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/lappiskmytholog02friigoog#page/n57/mode/1up" target="_blank">Friis (1871); p. 32</a> and translated to English at <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/3632517086/" target="_blank">Flickr</a>. En samisk runebomme etter Nærøy manuskriptet (publ. ca. 1723). Beskrivelser og tolkninger kan leses på <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/lappiskmytholog02friigoog#page/n57/mode/1up" target="_blank">Friis (1871); s. 32</a> eller med engelsk oversettelse på <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/3632517086/" target="_blank">Flickr</a>. My interpretative suggestion. Mitt tolkningsforslag: 6) Radiens Son with a horn crown. Radiens sønn med en krone av horn . 7) A dog. En Hund. 8) Biekagalles. 9) Sar Accha. Sarakka. 15) 16) 17) Three holy Aileges. Tre hellige Aileges. 18) Radien [Bæivve, Solen] 19) Thora Galles. 20) A Sarva Reindeer. Et Sarva reinsdyr.<br /></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Biekagalles - Bieka Olmai</span></span><br />Some have paralleled the Sami Storm God called Biekagalles or <a href="http://saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=77&vuolitsladja=88&giella1=eng" target="_blank">Bieggaalmmái</a> to Niord (Njord or Njörðr) (Agrell, 1934). <span style="font-size: 100%;">Ganander, Leem and Jessen describe Bieka Galles as a</span><span style="font-size: 100%;"> god of the underworld (Friis, 1871; 74).</span> He controls weather and wind, and can stop a storm (S. Kildal, 1730). According to J. Qvigstad the Sami offered boats to Bieka Galles. Such offerings are known with the Tumulus boat graves (e.g. the Oseberg mound grave in Norway) in ancient Nordic and western Russia.<br /><br />A few authors use many names for one and the same God: J.A. Friis, 1871: "Bieggagales, Biegga-gales"; S. Kildal, 1730: "Biex Olmai"; Knud Leem, 1700s: "Bieg Olmai"; Jessen, 1600-1700s: "Bieg Galles"; Lindahl, Øhring & Ihre in Lexicon Lapponica, 1780: "Piæggen-ålma or Piægges-ålma"; Henrik Joh. Forbus, 1674: "Biex Olmai"; J. Qvigstad, page 13, 1903: "Bieka Galles, Bjeka, Biexa or Bilfa Galles", and Vorren & Manker (1962) called this God "Biegg-olmai" and meant that he corresponded to Niord. J.A. Friis (1871) mentions that E. J. Jenssen (1767) and C. Ganander (1789) found that the Sami Wind- and Storm-God (most likely Biegga Galles) was the same as the Roman and Greek Aiolos or Aeolos (<a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=ACL3129.0001.001" target="_blank">æolus</a>, page 35).<br /><br /><br /><center><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363280342366478882" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJPVGGSpXYtbX50zgC62aoiFccpW8LcSivTtXjVHmd_Kv_kE1G9ZkFd0qzPsJZ8BcCDztdriKRXuresBHRfpSLi4fSyq7Jytg0nkQD5jBitgQX7OD33Sy1saNd-BVELeq_rD0m224elUKZ/s200/Aeolus1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 130px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 200px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">The Greek and Roman Myhtology. The Wind God Aiolos. Vindguden Aiolos fra gresk og romersk mythologi<br /></span></center><br />Noen har sammenliknet den samiske stormguden som kalles Biekagalles eller <a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=77&vuolitsladja=88&giella1=nor" target="_blank">Bieggaalmmái</a> med Niord (Njord eller Njörðr) (<a href="http://runeberg.org/lapptrumm/0117.html" target="_blank">Sigurd Agrell</a>, 1934). <span style="font-size: 100%;">Biekagalles er beskrevet som en gud av underverdenen av Ganander, Leem og Jessen (Friis, 1871; 74).</span> Han kontrollerer været og vinden og kan stoppe en storm (S. Kildal, 1730). Samene ofret båter til Bieka Galles i følge Qvigstad. Slike ofringer er kjent som Tumulus graver (f.eks. Oseberg gravhaug i Norge) fra oldtidens Norden og Vest-Russland.<br /><br />Som du kan se i følgende liste så har noen få forfattere brukt mange ulike navn på Stormguden: J.A. Friis, 1871: "Bieggagales, Biegga-gales"; Lindahl, Øhring & Ihre, i Lexicon Lapponica, 1780: "Piæggen-ålma or Piægges-ålma"; Henrik Joh. Forbus, 1674: "Biex Olmai"; J. Qvigstad, side 13, 1903: "Bieka Galles, Bjeka, Biexa or Bilfa Galles", og Vorren & Manker (1962) som kalte denne guddommen "Biegg-olmai" og mente at han korresponderte med Niord. Friis (1871) nevner at både Erik Johan Jenssen (1767) og C. Ganander (1789) fant at den samiske Vind- og Stormgud (sannsynligvis Biegga Galles) var den samme som romerske og greske Aiolos or Aeolos (<a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=ACL3129.0001.001" target="_blank">æolus</a>, side 35).<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363313058070821506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ8cx7pnTCZ4F2dnvWbVm4CS-uvspGHMMCjkf7X_kpz0_6KmSfnteIB9Y5TYbWtZHrc3g0CYPcu7ksze-jxWt9UZXHRMzhAMHzW_VNWXR84XruUS-eFRRLz-IrBEYlkmBTmb76Qz9vLak/s400/Sami+Man+from+inner+Finmark+late+1800+to+early+1900.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 353px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Samisk mann fra indre Finnmark tidlig på 1900-tallet. A Lapp man from inner Finnmark in Norway from early 1900s. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Criticism of the Sources - Kildekritikk</span></span><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span><br />In this book by Scheffer the ancient religion of the Lapps is described, however the descriptions are not neutral or scientific. The same Christian priests that wanted to wipe out the ancient pre-Christian Nordic religion wrote the history. It is important to keep this in mind while reading and when reading one will see that the purpose clearly and frequently have justified the strategic means to e.g. rewrite, redefine and confuse information about the ancient Sami religion. Sometimes information is lost in translation e.g. there are different translations of Scheffers book from Latin for instance to English, French, Dutch, and Swedish with some slight informational variations. The Sami culture and religion have been very oppressed for a long period of time: The newer colonizing of the Nordic areas by Christians since the Medieval period and in particular since the Lutheran reformation, the displacement of people from the southern to northern Nordic areas or to the mountainous areas is still partly silenced history. The ancient cultures and people of the Nordic i.e. the indigenous Lapps and “the first Nordic Goths” merged their culture and religion. “Lapps” is not in here used in a derogatory way, but because the old literature sources used the name. In addition to the written history there are numerous archaeological sources available, some conserved old Sami drums (plural Runebommer) and additionally it helps to redefine the old history of the Sami and see it as ingrained into and deeply rooted in the general ancient history of the Nordic and Western Russia.<br /><br />I denne boken av Scheffer er den gamle nordiske religionen til lappene beskrevet, men ikke på en nøytral eller vitenskapelig måte. De samme kristne prestene som ønsket å utviske den gamle hedenske religion i Norden var de som skrev historien. Det er viktig å holde dette i minne når man leser (<a href="http://www.love.is/roald/kildeskrifter.html" target="_blank">kildeskrifter og kildekritikk</a>) og leser man så vil man finne ut at målet ofte har helliget bruken av strategiske midler til for eksempel å omskrive, omdefinere og forvirre informasjonen om den eldgamle samiske religionen. Noen ganger er også informasjon tapt i oversettelser for eksempel finnes det ulike oversettelser av Scheffers Lapponica fra Latin, blant annet til engelsk, fransk, hollandsk og svensk som hver har noen små variasjoner i innhold. Den samiske kulturen og religionen har vært svært undertrykt over lang tid: Den nyere koloniseringen av de nordiske områdene av kristne siden Middelalderen og spesielt etter den Lutheranske reformasjonen, og jaging av opprinnelsesfolket nordover eller til fjellområder er fortsatt delvis fortiet historie. De gamle folkene i Norden dvs. de opprinnelige Lappene og "de første nordiske Gøtene" blandet delvis sin kultur og religion. Benevnelsen ”Lapp” er ikke brukt på en nedsettende måte, men fordi de gamle kildene brukte dette navnet. I tillegg til den skrevne historien så er finnes det tilgjengelig et stort antall arkeologiske kilder, noen gamle runebommer er konservert og i tillegg så hjelper det å tilbakedefinere den gamle historien til samene som en del av den generelle nordiske og vest russiske historien hvor den har dype røtter.<br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%; font-weight: bold;">The Temples - Templene</span><br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5364384468037145010" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiiR2PKqpmRzbVqwv0K0tQuWiv-VL5lMI0epLKR1VT2d1y8U_n_nfaimQ4xKtNyElz1ZRz0cuwydn3_QTe1V_rV1Kd2jgr5QgnTejw-nkbm27rijoI4UpkhqSDSucdgqG0QNRXW0sg6lk/s400/Runebomme+Vads%C3%B8+finnmark+Ibmel+Acce+og+domkirke.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 243px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">This is an image from a Sami drum confiscated in Finnmark (Norway), 1691. "Ibmel Acce" (God father) likely is Radiens son. He is marked with the runic symbol [</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 78%;">w</span><span style="font-size: 78%;">] (Agrell, 1934;117) and next to him is likely a pagan temple. Friis (1871; 37) names it a Cathedral, but it is unlikely a Christian one. The christian priests that confiscated the <a href="http://old.no/samidrum/" target="_blank">Sami drums</a> often interpreted the temples </span><span style="font-size: 78%;">drawn on them as churches or cathedrals. This is an example of christianisation of the old symbols. En avbildning på en runebomme fra Finnmark som ble konfiskert i 1691. "Ibmel Acce" (Gud fader) som mest sannsynlig er sønnen til Radien. Han er symbolisert sammen med runesymbolet [</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 78%;">w</span><span style="font-size: 78%;">] (Agrell, 1934;117) og ved siden av ham mest sannsynlig et hedensk tempel. Friis (1871;37) benevner templet en domkirke, men den er neppe kristen. Templer som var tegnet på flere <a href="http://old.no/samidrum/" target="_blank">runebommer</a> ble oftest tolket som kirker eller katedraler av prestene som konfiskerte dem. Dette er et eksempel på kristningen av de gamle symbolene. </span><br /><span style="font-size: 78%;"></span><span style="font-size: 78%;">The same script symbol as the W rune-sign can be found in the following Indo-Greek <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFfU3DJTMtKqKLmfRTNUn2T5OgGo9VHAXBNsO2NiW8uPilBhlLRHi3hdArhEk5R-EOic624ysBaXR5m2LXYd4VLC4uBNRzuvc3JmVM0hsOZ5OmtJbraoemIB64m4sbA7oxY0FwpRZlkvhc/s1600-h/Buddhapada+from+John+C.+Huntington+lecture+9+gandhara+art+PDF.jpg" target="_blank"">Buddhapada</a> from ancient Kushan Gandhara. Buddhapada (Sakyagotrabhiksu). Pictures borrowed from a PDF lecture by John Huntington. Det samme tegn som W-runen kan man se i følgende Indo-greske Buddha-fot fra Kushan Gandhara. Bildet er lånt fra en PDF forelsening av John Huntington.<br /></span><br /><br />According to the Latin text by Scheffer there were Temples involved in the religious worship of the Laplanders. Different translations of the Latin version of Lapponica by Johannes Scheffer provide somewhat different information. Quoted from <a href="http://www.kb.se/F1700/Lapland/Lapland.htm" target="_blank">"The History of Lapland"</a> by John Scheffer, Oxford (1674). Chapter 10, page 39: "In the same place where they worshipped Tiermes they worshipped the Sun also, and upon the same table too, which makes me suspect that they were but one God, whom they called Tiermes..." (End of quote).<br />The assumption made by Scheffer about Tiermes or Thor being the God worshiped in the same temple as the Sun is not correct, however what is interesting in this context is the mentioning of a temple.<br /><br />I følge den latinske teksten til Scheffer var det templer involvert i den religiøse praksisen til samene. Ulike oversettelser av Lapponica av Johannes Shefferus gir noe ulik informasjon.<br />Sitert fra "The History of Lapland" (engelsk utgave) skrives det i kapittel 10 side 39: "På samme plass hvor de tilba Tiermes tilba de også solen, på det samme bordet også, som får meg til å mistenke at det var en og samme gud, som de kalte Tiermes."<br />Antakelsen Scheffer gjør om at det er Tiermes eller Thor som blir tilbedt i samme tempel som solen er ikke korrekt, hva som imidlertid er interessant i denne konteksten er at han nevner et tempel.<br /><br />In the English translation "the same place" is used, while the French and Swedish translation from Latin use "Temple" or "Tempel" as the place for worship.<br /><br />I den engelske versjonen er uttrykket "the same place" eller "det samme sted" brukt, mens uttrykket "Temple" eller "Tempel" brukes i den franske og den svenske oversettelsen fra latin for å beskrive hvor gudene ble tilbedt. Følgende er et sitat og en lenke til den franske utgaven.<br /><br /><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=KCcVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=Wirku+Accha&source=bl&ots=omNGARojKj&sig=n71BoD27A4XAZ77Wz_e4XYZEBCQ&hl=en&ei=d5hbSrnWG5WKmwPS8YDWAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7" target="_blank">Histoire de la Laponie</a> by Johannes Gerhard Scheffer, Augustin Lubin, 1678: “le Temple consacré à Thoron ou Tiermes sevoit aussi au Soleil...” (end of quote Page 73).<br /><br />In the Swedish translation from Latin by Henrik Sundin (1956) "Temple" i.e. "Tempel" is used. "Tors eller Tiermes' tempel är också Solens." (End of quote page 133).<br /><br />I den svenske oversettelsen fra Latin av Henrik Sundin (1956) brukes ordet "Tempel". "Tors eller Tiermes' tempel är också Solens." (sitat slutt side 133).<br /><br />Adam von Bremen (ca. 1000 CE) described how the Ases (i.e. Æser * see comment under the next picture) worshiped a similar depicted deity in a pagan temple. As you can observe in the illustration by Picart (G) in this blog this particular God of the Sami is worshiped within a garden and not in a temple. Not much is known about eventual temples that were related to the practice of the pre-Christian Sami religion. Were the Sami temples the same as the pagan temples that the Christian colonisers, since the medieval period and after the Lutheran reformation, rebuilt to churches or built the churches upon? Referring to "Johannes Scefferus Lappland" by Sundin you can find out more about the temples and worship of Jumala in Saint Olafs Saga.<br /><br />Adam von Bremen (ca. år 1000 CE) beskrev Asernes (Æser, se kommentar under neste bilde) tilbedelse av en liknende avbildet guddom i et hedensk tempel. Som du kan se i illustrasjonen av Picart (G) i denne bloggen så er denne spesielle Guden til Samene tilbedt sittende i en hage og ikke i et tempel. Det er ikke mye man vet om eventuelle templer som var forbundet med praktiseringen av førkristen samisk religion. Var de samiske templene de samme som de hedenske templene som de kristne kolonister, fra middelalderen og etter den Lutherske reformasjon, ombygde til kirker eller bygde sine kirker over? I følge boken "Johannes Scefferus Lappland" av Sundin så kan man finne ut mer om templene og tilbedelsen av Jumala i Olaf den Helliges Saga.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/3709961077/" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5359689182397010610" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFUoBQfKdlfOi_rJRhMkd1zxW-H9FzJ1JamvwbyiAfEoMuEVgdPIg9XI9AkHaFY2uO5rOhg-AHdWcu0CWIcq6UC6fYeIq7XPZLIfNj3hqljethBlS5WqbcBn6bBGCApY3YDCtXDpP2JjRg/s400/Pre-Christian+Temple+Old+Uppsala+devoted+to+the+Gods+of+the+Aesis+cult.+Olaus+Magnus+1555+-+it+shimmers+with+a+golden+lustre.++golden+roof+and+golden+chain+around+the+building.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 252px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">A pre-Christian temple of the Aesis (i.e. Aser, Æser or Asian) cult in Uppsala, Sweden described by Adam von Bremen about year 1000 CE and illustrated by Olaus Magnus in 1555. Aesis (dvs. Asernes, Æsernes eller Asiatenes) førkristne tempel i Uppsala, Sverige som ble beskrevet av Adam von Bremen ca. år 1000 CE og illustrert av Olaus Magnus i 1555.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Adam von Bremen (c. 1000 CE)</span></span><br />Before continuing with the Sami mythology this is a brief summary about the pre-Christian Gods of the Ancient Nordic Goths from a text of Adam von Bremen about pagan religion in Uppsala: The mightiest God is Thor that controls thunder and lightening, the wind, air and rain. If threatened by plague and famine people sacrifices to Thor and he is depicted with a sceptre in hand and sitting on a throne in the middle of the next two Gods. Wotan is the angry God is depicted as the armed war God, he gives men strength against enemies and sacrifice is given for victory in war. Frikko that impacted peace and pleasure is depicted with an immense phallus and people give sacrifices to celebrate weddings.<br /><br />“The people also worship heroes made gods, whom they endow with immortality because of their remarkable exploits, as one reads in the Vita of Saint Ansgar they did in the case of King Eric.” Quote from: <a href="http://scandinavian.wisc.edu/mellor/myth/pdf_files/AdamBremen.pdf" target="_blank">An excerpt from the history of the archbishops of Hamburg Bremen, describing the cult-center of the heathen Swedes at Uppsala</a> translated by Francis J. Tschan.<br /><br />Først en kortfattet oppsummering om gudene til de første nordiske Gøter fra teksten til Adam von Bremen om førkristen religion i Uppsala: Den viktigste guden er Thor som kontrollerer torden og lyn, vinden, luften og regnet. Dersom folk føler seg truet av epidemier eller hungersnød så ofret de til Thor og han er avbildet sittende på en trone og med et septer i hånden, plassert i midten av de nest viktigste gudene. Wotan er den sinte krigsguden og er avbildet med våpen, han ga styrke mot fiender og ofringer ble gjort i krig. Frikko som ble avbildet med en enorm fallos innvirket på fred og fornøyelse og folk ofret for å feire ekteskap.<br /><br />”Folk tilba også helter som ble gjort til guder, og som de gjorde udødelige på grunn av fremragende gjerninger, som man leser i Vita av Sankt Ansgar at de gjorde med kong Eric.” Sitat fra: <a href="http://scandinavian.wisc.edu/mellor/myth/pdf_files/AdamBremen.pdf" target="_blank">An excerpt from the history of the archbishops of Hamburg Bremen, describing the cult-center of the heathen Swedes at Uppsala</a> oversatt av Francis J. Tschan.<br /><br />This text clearly shows that not only the religion and mythology of the Sami had been redefined, in a process that once must have been some sort of a "religious war” or "religious revolution". Denne teksten viser at det ikke kun var samenes religion og mytologi som ble omdefinert, i en prosess som engang må ha vært en slags "religionskrig” eller "religiøs omveltning".<br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Runebomme: A cultural merge - en kulturell fusjon</span></span><br /><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28772513@N07/3764050662/" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5360958460503940178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZRcYHLZ9MC1n_lS6gqtgB7H2Giym-XZRWK5CxCi_oqjqsSWhclqhy48Re1uHyOcVAXUr8yVbdx9fEbOKqy_6CD0V-sGt2RgXFFhAX_upg4SsTvHngRBXsp2UQBO7eR6JxpOix-CscVtg1/s400/Sami+drum+from+Russian+Lapland++described+by+Friis+and+Rae.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 282px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Click on the picture to read more about the symbols and interpretations. Klikk på bildet for å lese mer om symbolene og tolkningene.</span><br /><br />This is a Sami Drum (Kobda) from Russian Lapland. The drum is described and interpreted by Jens. A. Friis and Edward Rae. It is a good example of a merge between the ancient Nordic Lapps and Goths and their mythology. Dette er en samisk runebomme, kalt Kobda, fra Russisk Lappland. Trommen er beskrevet og tolket av Jens A. Friis og Edward Rae. Denne runebommen er et godt eksempel på en fusjon mellom lappiske og gøtiske folk og deres mytologi.<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKAXQ37hqYsXjoorXw22awq5ntN9U_3b5zJdqbniZ47QNXtXDUAtqaU1LxuRCihsVYllW_mtJo6_3iadTkzc33L8uq8o22sq4fTpbTSNoe_jzk2HetadmNXR6KWEnlILDDhVUj-W8KsFc/s1600-h/Nordic+Sami+men+worshiping+Storjunkaren,+by+B.+Picart,+1724.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5364267701848731554" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKAXQ37hqYsXjoorXw22awq5ntN9U_3b5zJdqbniZ47QNXtXDUAtqaU1LxuRCihsVYllW_mtJo6_3iadTkzc33L8uq8o22sq4fTpbTSNoe_jzk2HetadmNXR6KWEnlILDDhVUj-W8KsFc/s400/Nordic+Sami+men+worshiping+Storjunkaren,+by+B.+Picart,+1724.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 316px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 78%;">Picart (A) Sami men are having a feast and offers to Storjunkaren. Samiske menn har en fest og ofrer til Storjunkaren. 1724-25 .</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%; font-weight: bold;">Storjunkare - God of Earth - Jordens gud</span><br />According to Sigurd Agrell (1934) “Freyr” is by the Lapps called "Veralden Olmai" and in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimskringla" target="_blank">Heimskringla</a> Saga he is called “Veraldar Guð”, it means “the World God”. According to Friis (1871) the Sami described Freyr (Frøy, <a href="http://scandinavian.wisc.edu/mellor/myth/pdf_files/AdamBremen.pdf" target="_blank">Frikko</a>, Frö or Frej) as "Veralde Olmai", it means "Man of heaven". The meaning of the northern Sami “Olmaj” and Swedish- and Southern Sami “Olbma” is “Man” (page 145 Friis, 1856)<br /><br /><a href="http://runeberg.org/display.pl?mode=facsimile&work=lapptrumm&page=0001" target="_blank">Sigurd Agrell</a> (1934) skriver at Frej kalles "Veralden Olmai" av lappene og “Veraldar Guð” i <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimskringla" target="_blank">Heimskringla</a> Saga, det betyr ”verdensguden”. <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/lappiskmytholog02friigoog" target="_blank">Lappisk mythology, eventyr og folkesagn</a> skriver Friis (1871) at lappenes navn på <a href="https://bora.uib.no/bitstream/1956/670/1/Forholdet%20mellom%20gudar%20og%20jotnar%20i%20norr%C3%B8n%20mytologi%20i%20lys%20av%20det%20mytologiske%20namnevalget.pdf" target="_blank">Freyr</a> (<a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8y" target="_blank">Frøy</a>, <a href="http://scandinavian.wisc.edu/mellor/myth/pdf_files/AdamBremen.pdf" target="_blank">Frikko</a>, Frö eller Frej) er ”Veralde Olmai” som betyr ”Himmelens mann”. Det nordsamiske ordet “Olmaj” og det svensk- og sørsamiske ordet ”Olbma” betyr ”Mann” ifølge Friis (1856).<br /><br />The following text in Icelandic mentions the Veraldar God in <a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Ynglinga_saga" target="_blank">Ynglinga saga</a>: ”meðan Freyr væri á Svíþjóð, ok vildu eigi brenna hann, ok kölluðu hann veraldar goð ok blótuðu mest til árs ok friðar alla ævi síðan.” Dette er den islandske teksten hvor Veraldar Gud er nevnt i <a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Ynglinga_saga" target="_blank">Ynglinga saga</a>.<br /><br />The Sami fertility God is equivalent with Freyr and most likely had the nickname Storjunkare. However I dare to doubt the correctness of the Heimskringla about Freyr being named "Veraldar Guð" or "Veralden Olmai".<br /><br />Den samiske fruktbarhetsguden er ekvivalent med Freyr og hadde mest sannsynlig kallenavnet Storjunkare. Jeg er imidlertid i tvil om Heimskringla er korrekt i at Freyr hadde navnet "Veraldar Guð" eller "Veralden Olmai".<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363899813930144018" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZAJQU0DrH2Pgv-alNGPP7s2mJE6zngB62aRX9wKVxJ5fKgVoivpGMV_YIBMZrhFRhxLMf3okOCKhg2rKS4sWSNpxYJWEu8z7g2VrzGLTOzBw9lPXNpSSHOp5k3EE75I3u2OB9y5Sd63M/s400/Storjunkaren+Samisk+gud.+Lapsk+avgud+forvarad+av+antikvitetsarkivet+f%C3%B6re+1720.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 242px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Storjunkaren, a Sami Idol made of stone. This is named a Lapp Deity and was stored by Antikvitetsarkivet in Sweden before 1720. Storjunkaren, en Samisk gud. En Lapsk avgud forvarad av antikvitetsarkivet före 1720. Bildet er lånt fra følgende skrift: <a href="http://fornvannen.se/pdf/1930talet/1931_048_kompr.pdf" target="_blank">Arne, Ture J. Antikvitetskollegiets och Antikvitetsarkivets samlingar. Sid. 48-93</a></span>.<br /><br />Can you imagine such a stone in the photo wearing a hoe in its hand? This stone must have had another function or representing something else than the Sami God of Earth.<br /><br />Kan du forestille deg at en stein som den i fotografiet holder en spade i hånden? Denne steinen må ha hatt en annen funksjon eller være avbildning av noe annet den samiske jord-guden.<br /><br />This God was roughly shaped and was made of stone (Scheffer chapter X) and a few times of wood and he was on the Sami drums depicted with a hoe or a spade in his hand (see the first illustration in this blog). According to different old texts the Sami most commonly named the fertility God as “Storjunkare” (Scheffer, 1674). From this description Storjunkare is likely the main God worshiped at the "Seita" (ref. to the next paragraph).<br /><br />Samuel Rehn informed that the word ”Storjunkar” or “Storjunker” is a Norwegian word, the Norwegians called a “Governor of a Province” (Scheffer) or “Amtmenn” for “Junkere” (Friis, 1871, page 99). This way of naming Gods was not unique to the Sami people and <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/errorschainshow00hallgoog" target="_blank">F. Stockton Dobbins et al.</a> (1883; p. 188) wrote that the British Celtic Druids before Christianity literally had translated their God as e.g. "Distributor" and "Governor".<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMz14Xl2rAG3mr9ywO0p6kjrlb2AkOE229XJVWOnChBhk74RTIQuG9OzdCLC_sHoBE65e4izwkFs1xdHGuLzwqpCRUwVmIi7fy8waObQ-G2v9AZOlCgr2hMk_tBGjsrOI0_uLutd5fLXE/s1600-h/1724+Nordic+Sami+men+worshiping+Storjunkaren,+by+B.+Picart.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5364268041430015890" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMz14Xl2rAG3mr9ywO0p6kjrlb2AkOE229XJVWOnChBhk74RTIQuG9OzdCLC_sHoBE65e4izwkFs1xdHGuLzwqpCRUwVmIi7fy8waObQ-G2v9AZOlCgr2hMk_tBGjsrOI0_uLutd5fLXE/s400/1724+Nordic+Sami+men+worshiping+Storjunkaren,+by+B.+Picart.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 279px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Picart (B) Sami men are offering to and worshiping a deity called Storjunkaren at the sacred Seita. This feast is called a blot. Samiske menn ofrer til og tilber en guddom som kalles Storjunkaren ved det hellige Seita. Denne festen kalles et blot. Picart, 1724-25 .</span><br /><br />Denne guden var ujevnt eller grovhugget i formen og var laget av stein (Scheffer kapittel X) og noen ganger av tre. Han var i noen tilfeller avbildet med en hakke eller spade i sin hånd på samiske runebommer (se første bilde i denne bloggen). I følge ulike gamle tekster så benevnte samene fruktbarhets guden vanligvis for ”Storjunkare” (Scheffer, 1674). Ut fra beskrivelsen som er gitt så er Storjunkare sannsynligvis den guden som først og fremst ble tilbedt ved en "Seita" (ref. til neste avsnitt).<br /><br />Rehn informerte at ordet ”Storjunkar” eller ”Storjunker” er et norsk ord, nordmennene kalte ”provinsguvernører” eller amtmenn for ”Junkere” (Friis, 1871, side 99). Denne måten å benevne gudene på var ikke unik for samene og <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/errorschainshow00hallgoog" target="_blank">F. Stockton Dobbins et al.</a> (1883; s. 188) skrev at de førkristne Britisk Keltiske druidene benevnte sine guder på samme måte for eksempel som ”Distributør” eller ”Guvernør”.<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5370417263782661010" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOLfiY6KcZmB5LxgNegzgUChlim3nQGe2BLPMaBGh1zcclK71vu0eSOPmJHfSfZ6Gkduqp9sd1y9TNUQDcUtp1iVdRy93q0EF_iYfx0w4wmCwQG02KgrXAfWdDBNzH2EytWM3V8YUhQUA/s400/Saami+God+carved+in+stone+photo+by+Worm-Petersen.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 281px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 318px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">En avbildning av en samisk gud hugget i stein. A depiction of a Sami God carved in stone. Photo by Worm Petersen.</span><br /><br />J. Qvigstad (1903) and others found that the Sami fertility God is the same God as the Roman <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_%28mythology%29" target="_blank">Saturn</a> and told: “For everything that shall grow and be cultivated they invoke Weralden Olmai or Saturnus. Weralden Olmai was the fertility God of the Sea, the earth and agriculture. They think that all beasts and the Cattle are subjected to the will of the fertility God." Friis (1871) wrote that the pagan Sami worshiped Weralden Olmai so that the year would be good for the Christian Grain farmers (page 72). They offered for luck in the fisheries and with the reindeers. Sometimes the same rituals were used at the Seita with other offerings e.g. the best clothes or the best meat of a reindeer (<a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-x.html" target="_blank">Scheffer, 1674, Chapter X</a>). According to Thomas von Westen (1722) the Lapps from Meløy offered a Reindeer Buck to Veralden Olmai to obtain “reindeer-luck” (J. Qvigstad, 1903, page 11), e.g. so that they would get many calves and for richness of moss and lichen.<br /><br />It is important to remind that the name Veralden or Weralden Olmai, unlikely was the correct name for the Sami fertility God, however in literature it is used interchangeably with Storjunkare and other names.<br /><br />J. Qvigstad (1903) fant at den samiske fruktbarhetsguden var den samme guden som romernes <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_%28gud%29" target="_blank">Saturn</a> og fortalte følgende: ”For alt som skal gro og kultiveres så kaller de på Weralden Olmai eller Saturnus. Weralden Olmai var fruktbarhetsguden for sjøen, jorden og jordbruket. De tror at alle dyr og buskap er underordnet viljen til fruktbarhetsguden." Friis (1871) skrev at de førkristne samene tilba Weralden Olmai slik at kornåret ble bra for de kristne bøndene (side 72). De ofret for hell i fiskeriene og for reinsdyrene. Noen ganger ble de samme ritualene brukt på Seita plassen med andre ofringer for eksempel de beste klærne eller det beste kjøttet fra reinsdyret (<a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-x.html" target="_blank">Scheffer, 1674, Chapter X</a>). I følge Thomas von Westen (1722) så ofret lappene fra Meløy en reinsdyr bukk til Veralden Olmai for å få „reinsdyrlykke“ (J. Qvigstad, 1903, side 11), dvs. at de skulle få mange kalver og rikelig med mose og lav.<br /><br />Det er viktig å påminne om at navnet Veralden eller Weralden Olmai tvilsomt var det korrekte navnet på den samiske fruktbarhetsguden, men i litteraturen brukes det gjensidig med Storjunkare og andre navn.<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5370370204425599154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4xZ0ffU_wmcaETvcmlzrTB-NF4-OsBD6nJGKECEiXTo1uaBr1BXiedj3sfR2pzuoyAVdJyjl8RrcUcKvppmt4fg1g1uJZ6X7ScJcRvzpTrwjYmqCI7ZQwEY7ntMICdwJ3pD1MrBNQTZA/s400/11+knud+leem+finnmark+lapper+1767.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 303px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Samene kalte denne klippen hvor de ofret dyr til Thor og Storjunkare for Sølfar-kapper, på dansk “Sølfars bue”. Presten Knut Leem (1767; s. 437) hadde selv sett stedet som lå ved Porsangerfjorden i Finnmark. Buen av tre kalles Bassem-Morak. </span><span style="font-size: 78%;">Det er skrevet noe på denne buen som også er merket med tre kors. </span><span style="font-size: 78%;">The Sami called this rock “Sølfar-kapper” (Sølfar bows), here they offered animals to Thor and Storjunkare. The priest Knud Leem had seen this particular offering place by the Porsanger fjord in Finnmark (Norway). The bow made of tree was called Bassem-Morak. </span><span style="font-size: 78%;">It is written something on this bow and it is marked with three crosses.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Seita - Hellige steiner - Sacred Stones</span></span><br />Scheffer (ch. X) about some rituals and offerings to Storjunkare at the Seita: “…but the place where Storjunkar was worshipped, was upon some peculiar mountains, and on the banks of Lakes: for almost every family hath its particular rocks and hills appointed for this business. Some of these rocks are so high and craggy that they are impassable to any but Storjunkar… sacrifice …Storjunkar with fresh bowes twice every year…”<br /><br />“… It is reported that a Laplander being to guide one of the Kings Lieutenant, when he came over against a mountain where Storejunkar was supposed to dwell, he stood still, and setting the helve of his Ax down upon the Ice, turned it round, professing that he did it in honor of their munificent God, who dwelt there... to them of Lapponia Kiemensis and Tornensis, therefore they did not worship him under that name, but by the common appellation of Seita, from whom they believed that they receive the benefits of hunting, fishing and fowling.”<br /><br />You can read more about such sacred places in the following blog: <a href="http://oldgoths.blogspot.com/2010/02/tashinlhunpo-mahayana-buddhist-pilgrims_09.html" target="_blank"">Animist sacrifice places in the Nordic, Asia, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome</a><br /><br /><br />Scheffer (kap. X) om noen ritualer og ofringer til Storjunkare ved Seita: "… men plassen hvor Stojunkare ble tilbedt var på noen spesielle fjell, og ved bredden av noen innsjøer: for nesten alle familier hadde spesielle klipper og hauger valgt til dette formål. Noen av disse klippene er så høye og bratte at de ikke er tilgjengelige for andre enn Storjunkar… ofret… Storjunkare med nye buer to ganger i året.<br />… Det er rapportert at en Same som var guide for kongens løytnant stoppet opp når han kom til en fjell hvor Storjunkare var antatt å holde til, og han satte økseskaftet ned på isen, snudde det rundt til ære for den sjenerøse guden som holdt hus der… for de i Kiemi og Torneå Lappland tilba ham ikke under dette navnet, men ved navnet Seita, som de mente ga dem fordeler i jakt, fiske og fuglefangst" (fri oversettelse fra Scheffer)<br /><br />The Sami additionally offered to Thora Galles at the Seita <a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-x.html" target="_blank">Ch. X</a>, page 40: "Thors image was always made of wood, wherefore he is called by them Muora Jubmel, i.e. the wooden God. And because in Lapponia Tornensis, as well as in other places they make their Gods of wood, it is very probable that they worship Tiermes, tho they call him Seita.” (End of quote).<br /><br />Samene ofret også til Thora Galles ved Seita stedene. Oversettelse av <a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-x.html" target="_blank">Kap. X</a>, side 40:“Bildet av Thor var alltid laget av tre, derfor kalles han Muora Jubmel, dvs. treguden. Og fordi blant Tornelappene, liksom andre steder så lager de gudene sine av tre, det er svært sannsynlig at de tilber Tiermes, selv om de kaller ham Seita.”<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5354583190068649858" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbv19ZXq53NDjzpGFoCWbliP3EzvDrmEVQxo6I7F5l7ShhSPJjZ2SAenWnm7MbYSSmBgneeZHnXLpmq_B4yyxHTB76ISgqhTGwDePXBkWUCgxu2YqaxFQwnyK_Y5FF06iRDEXhIGhzqk2r/s400/sami+seite+fra+friis+1871.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 260px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><br />Sieidi, Seid, Seita or Seidda are Sami sacrificial stones in nature. Sometimes rocking stone megaliths or cliff, stone blocks or figures and even wooden figures. In some cases they are part of stone alignments such as lines, squares, arches, and circles of stones (Source: <a href="http://www.perpettum.narod.ru/seitamegalith.htm" target="_blank">megaliths in Russia</a>). Some Seitas were made by nature and some were man-made. In the following link you can see how <a href="http://www.perpettum.narod.ru/vottovaara04.htm" target="_blank">megalith stones</a> likely were made.<br /><br />Sieidi, Seid, Seita eller Seidda er Samiske hellige steiner i naturen. Noen ganger rullende stein megalitter eller klippe, steinblokker eller figurer og selv trefigurer. I noen tilfeller er de deler av store formasjoner sike som linjer, firkanter, buer, og sirkler av stein (kilde se lenker i engelsk tekst). Noen Seita er laget av naturen og andre er tillaget. Den følgende lenke kan du se hvordan slike megalitter ble laget: <a href="http://www.perpettum.narod.ru/vottovaara04.htm" target="_blank">megalith stones</a><br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5361060833614390834" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4zucYftGJQ3e_k-za_cBGZ2FkJAVbWCD_eqB1vQ8ANQme0YMjURvZTMz3HSoiBeS-DCopAam37Mh5TmqSlOT0dBKDchnrGoWK9Vl1rErcLJ0NaGkYpHlbxmu-jKuKjGk0vTpSlQ-I-JOZ/s400/1724+picart0004+-+Kopi+-+Kopi+%283%29.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 281px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Picart (C). A Sami man is praying in front of a Seita Stone. En samisk mann ber foran en Seita stein. </span><br /><br />Text and photos of Seitas:<br /><br /><br /><br /><center><a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=79&vuolitsladja=97&giella1=eng" target="_blank">Siedi, and other offering sites</a><br /><a href="http://www.perpettum.narod.ru/arcticmegalith.htm" target="_blank">Sami Seidas</a><br /><a href="http://heninen.net/vottovaara/english.htm" target="_blank">Vottovaara Sami worship complexes in Western Karelia</a><br /><a href="http://heninen.net/seid/english.htm" target="_blank">Vottovaara Sami Seids in Karelia</a><br /><a href="http://www.perpettum.narod.ru/plasepowerspb.htm" target="_blank">Sami Seidas, Megaliths, stone formations, Labyrinths, mound graves and other cult stones near Saint-Petersburg, north-west Russia</a></center><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">God of Thunder and Sky -</span></span> <span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">ðiermes - Thor - </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Đ</span></span><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">oragalles</span></span><br /><br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363920867108710978" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1yp7FZfiJ-qSGDUL_P0Aay1MfDOm0sZTOmn1UJrzddbJTA9cdX0VEbmvA6_TMy4dgjZnYxxoaXiApn2Lmz_YblrRJqOouS3T45c6te-SMEBZvM0qUp9rB_yCdz-_b3Nm1vKt9hJc42NA/s400/1724+Picart+Thor.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 398px;" /> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Picart (D). Sami people worshiping and offering to the Thunder God Thor or Tiermes. This is the only picture I have seen documenting how people in the Nordic practiced the worship of Thor in the pre-Christian religion. The illustration is from the French edition of “The ceremonies and religious customs of the various nations” (1725) by Bernard Picart. Samene tilber og ofrer til tordenguden Thor eller Tiermes. Dette er det eneste bildet jeg har sett som dokumenterer hvordan folk i Norden praktiserte tilbedelse av Thor i den førkristne religionen. Illustrasjon er fra den franske utgaven av boken “The ceremonies and religious customs of the various nations” (1725) av Bernard Picart.</span><br /><br />According to a Norwegian (Danish) – Sami language dictionary by <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/norsklappiskord01stocgoog" target="_blank">Stockfleth </a>(1852): The Sami words “Điemes” or “Bajan” means “Torden” (Norwegian) or “Thunder” (English). "Thursday" or “Torsdag” (Norwegian) is in Sami language “Đoresdak” or “tuoresdag” (Swedish Sami). The Sami letter "Đ đ" is pronounced [ð] like "Th" in English (e.g. That) (source: Store Norske Leksikon. <a href="http://www.snl.no/samisk" target="_blank">Samisk</a>. H. Gaski, 2009). Thunderclap is in Northern Sami ”bajancærggom” or “dierbmacærggom” and in Swedish and Southern Sami “Raide” (Stockfleth, 1852).<br /><br />The different names of the God Thor - Ulike navn på guden Thor: Kildal, 1739: "Thora Galles" or "Pajam Olmai". He was the man dressed in blue and the foster son of the almighty God. Han var mannen som var kledt i blått. Leem (1767) : Horangallis; Jessen (1767): "Horanoraias", "Horosgudsk", "Toratures Bodne".<br /><br />Vorren and Manker (1962) wrote in the book “Lapp Life and Customs: A Survey” (p. 119) that the word Horagalles is a direct translation of the Nordic “Torsmannen” meaning "the thunder man". According to Friis (1871) it is not certain which of these languages the word “Tor” originates from, the Sami word “torat” [ðorat] or the Norwegian word “Tora”. The Sami word "Horagalles" is probably a newer name for the thunder god and is not referred to in old dictionaries of Sami languages, such as for instance <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/lexiconlapponic00ihregoog" target="_blank">Lexicon Lapponicum</a> by Lindahl, Öhrling & Ihre (1780) or Stockfleth (1852). The first part of the word “Horagalles” have likely developed from the pronunciation of ”ðoragalles” i.e. [th]oragalles by leaving out the letter “t”. The name ”Thora Galles” is used in reports from Sigvart Kildal that in 1730 published works about the pagan religion of the Finns and the Lapps (<a href="http://books.google.no/books?id=E1P50FHCUTcC&pg=RA1-PA446&lpg=RA1-PA446&dq=%22Sigvard+Kildal%22+1807&source=bl&ots=u61qQlyQgN&sig=S9V3xj1V7ykbHJLqf0FE32ZKAik&hl=no&ei=sCZ5SomWCcOEsAbF7b2YBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false" target="_blank">Efterretning om Finners og Lappers hedenske Religion</a>). The word “Hora-galles” could have been made up to create negative misinformation by leaving out the letter “t” from the pronounced word [thora-galles] or “thunder-man”. By leaving out the letter “t” the meaning is completely changed, because “Hora” is “whore” in Sami, Swedish, Norwegian and Danish language. Because of this Thor or eventually Thoragalles or Đoragalles are better and more correct names for the Sami thunder god. Referring to Stockfleth: “Galles” is a combination of northern Sami “gales” and Swedish- and southern Sami “kalles” (as in “kalleskus”) and both dialect words describe an “old man” or “gubbe” (Swedish).<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5361323121253706546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyEeRd1sIsI2vCx-FQxUpzCMq5cHlLw7mJ8Ys6gswDWDmfmBAqgJm0NAWSxuRMxMih_j5XA4aCKJYPOmG9eZoC6hC-kIQgCkDOfVFzu4f-8ZcMLC3Y3J-dV-rMlAJpYibozuFI9-92da5K/s400/Flintoe_Reenby_5_Miil_soendenfor_Karasjok+Reenby+5+Miil+s%C3%B8ndenfor+Karasjok+i+%C3%98stfinmarken.+Foto+fra+Olve+Utne,+2008.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 208px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Raide med Reinsdyr - ordet "Raide" beskriver den tordnende lyden når man kjører med reinsdyr og slede. Fem mil sør for Karasjok i Øst-Finnmark. "Raide" describes the thundering sound of sledging with a reindeer. Fifty kilometers south of Karasjok in Eastern Finnmark, Norway.</span><br /><br />Ifølge en ordbok oversatt fra dansk-norsk til samisk <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/norsklappiskord01stocgoog" target="_blank">Stockfleth </a>(1852): De samiske ordene “Điemes” eller ”Bajan” betyr ”torden” eller ”tordön” (svensk). ”Torsdag” er på nordsamisk ”Đoresdak” eller på svensk- eller sørsamisk ”tuoresdag”. Den samiske bokstaven "Đ đ" uttales [ð] som "Th" i det engelske ordet ”That” (source: Store Norske Leksikon. <a href="http://www.snl.no/samisk" target="_blank">Samisk</a>. H. Gaski, 2009). Tordenslag eller tordendrønn er på nordsamisk oversatt som ”bajancærggom” eller “dierbmacærggom” og på svensk- og sørsamisk som ”Raide” (Stockfledt, 1852)<br /><br />Vorren og Manker (1962) skrev i boken ”Lapp Life and Customs: A Survey” (side 119) at ordet Horagalles er en direkte oversettelse av det nordiske ordet ”Torsmannen” som betyr ”tordenmannen”. I følge Friis (1871) så er det ikke sikkert hvilket av disse språkene navnet ”Tor” har opprinnelse i, det samiske ”torat” [ðorat] eller det norske ”tora”. Ordet Horagalles ser ut til å være et nyere samisk navn på tordenguden og er ikke referert til i gamle samiske ordbøker for eksempel i <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/lexiconlapponic00ihregoog" target="_blank">Lexicon Lapponicum</a> av Lindahl, Öhring & Ihre (1780) eller Stockfleth (1852). Den første delen av ordet ”Horagalles” har sannsynligvis utviklet seg fra uttalen av ”ðoragalles” dvs. [th]oragalles hvor bokstaven ”t” er utelatt. Navnet ”Thora Galles” finner man i rapporter fra Sigvart Kildal som i 1730 publiserte <a href="http://books.google.no/books?id=E1P50FHCUTcC&pg=RA1-PA446&lpg=RA1-PA446&dq=%22Sigvard+Kildal%22+1807&source=bl&ots=u61qQlyQgN&sig=S9V3xj1V7ykbHJLqf0FE32ZKAik&hl=no&ei=sCZ5SomWCcOEsAbF7b2YBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false" target="_blank">Efterretning om Finners og Lappers hedenske Religion</a>. Ordet ”Hora-galles” kan ha blitt laget for å skape negativ feilinformasjon ved å utelate bokstaven ”t” fra det uttalte ordet [thora-galles] som betyr ”torden-mann”. Ved å utelate bokstaven ”t” er meningen av ordet en helt annen, fordi ”hora” betyr ”hore” både i samisk, svensk, norsk og dansk språk. Derfor er Thor eller eventuelt Thoragalles eller Đoragalles bedre og mer korrekte navn på den samiske tordenguden. Med referanse til Stockfleth så er ”Galles” en kombinasjon av det nordsamiske ordet ”gales” og svensk- og sørsamiske ordet ”kalles” (som i ”kalleskus”) og begge dialektord beskriver en ”gammel mann” eller ”gubbe”.<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5361850796968807842" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDaWx5z-AzjeA1bIwtf0N9IrEUXyowwWjF0_mM-7unk2WkSl9axVk0eHP2PExlBy1kgCe5k3dFiN4HcbOpf8ZSNJmRpGBmtzIzvgXS4bJ_u3OZvdTFbexnyCnEs4D-hZ2EhS6m-nB_ZN59/s400/Runebomme+fra+Leems+beskrivelse+av+Finnmarkens+lapper+Horagales+el.+Thor+som+dobbel+hammer+bl%C3%A5.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 310px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 85%;">A shaman Sami drum from Knud Leems writings about the Sami in Porsanger, Finnmark, Norway during the 1700s. Thor is symbolized as crossed hammers (in blue). En runebomme fra Knud Leems beskrivelse av samene i Porsanger, Finnmark på 1700-tallet. Thor symbolisert som en dobbel-hammer (merket med blått).</span><br /><br />To sum up about what the thunder god Thor meant to the Sami: He was the God of the Sky, the thunder and lightening, the rainbow, weather, oceans, lakes and over human life, health and well-being. His hammer was called Wetschera or “Ajeke veccera” it was formed as a cross or as a Latin T (ref. J. Peringskiöld, 1710 and H. Lindkjølen, 1995). “Aijeke” or “Ajeke” means “grandfather" or "great grandfather" and the thunder god was on occasions described with this honourable title as “Aijeke Thor”. When Thor thunders he is called “Diermes” or “Tiermes” (Scheffer, 1674). Occasionally Thor was depicted with two hammers on the Sami drums: With one hammer he was believed to create thunder and lightening, and with the other hammer he was believed to withdraw thunder and lightening to prevent damage (Friis, 1871). According to S. Kildal (1730) the hammer on the image of Thoragalles were beautifully decorated with carvings (Efterretning om Finners og Lappers hedenske Religion, s. 454).<br /><br />For å summere opp hva tordenguden Thor mente for samene: Han var gud over himmelen, torden og lyn, regnbuen, været, havet, innsjøer og over menneskets liv, helse, ve og vel. Hammeren ble kalt Wetschera eller “Ajeke veccera” og den ble ofte illustrert som et kors eller en latinsk T (ref. J. Peringskiöld, 1710 og H. Lindkjølen, 1995). “Aijeke” eller “Ajeke” betyr "bestefar" eller "olderfar" og tordenguden ble i noen sammenhenger også beskrevet med ærestittelen som “Aijeke Thor”. Når tordnet braker kalles Thor for ”Diermes” eller ”Tiermes” (Scheffer, 1674). Noen ganger var Thor avbildet med to hammere på runebommene: Med en hammer trodde man at han skapte torden og lyn, og med den andre hammeren trodde man at han trakk tilbake torden og lyn for å hindre skade (Friis, 1871). I følge S. Kildal (1730) så var hammeren på gudebildet til Thoragalles vakkert dekorert med utskjæringer (Efterretning om Finners og Lappers hedenske Religion, s. 454).<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363302679984351922" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN9iUXbEX204yCfM7b3fOoizAcXVXMfCwAvk-slKT2FyN6HTKTgvsLt9H_WDOM2CkXkLN5IXaNLG2PTuWxNadiaX1XYi88d7CRK4jZvUZprhPUsUhHz4Dbc_w2HcAceH47jdkAlaUN2c/s400/Nordic+Sami+Enare+Finland+PC.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 384px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Sami family from Enare or Anares in Finland in the early 1900s. Enare was part of Swedish lappmark in the 1700s and then called Indjager according to Skanke (1730), or Indiager (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=25ovAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA698&lpg=PA698&dq=indiager+enare&source=bl&ots=KMTtp6igrP&sig=1SXpt8gLFY2n7uKZ12Fl_NX6VZo&hl=en&ei=VlCJStm2ItKb_AbOzL2OAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=indiager%20enare&f=false" target="_blank">1822;698</a>). Samisk familie fra Enare eller Anares Finland tidlig på 1900-tallet. Enare var en del av svensk lappmark på 1700-tallet og ble ifølge Skanke (1730) da kalt Indjager, eller Indiager (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=25ovAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA698&lpg=PA698&dq=indiager+enare&source=bl&ots=KMTtp6igrP&sig=1SXpt8gLFY2n7uKZ12Fl_NX6VZo&hl=en&ei=VlCJStm2ItKb_AbOzL2OAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=indiager%20enare&f=false" target="_blank">1822;698</a>).</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Some quotes from “The history of Lappland” by Scheffer – Noen sitat fra “Lappland” av Scheffer</span><br /><br />Page 37 Chapter 10:<br />“There were three principal Gods worshiped by the Laplanders: the first is Thor, signifying Thunder, in the Swedish dialect called Thordoen, by the Laplanders themselves Tiermes, that is any thing that makes a noise, agreeing very well with the notion the Romans had of Jupiter the thunderer, and the God Taramis, which I have treated of in the history of Upsal.”<br /><br />Oversettelse: "Det var tre guder som ble tilbedt og ble ansett som viktigst av Lappene. Den første er Thor som representerer torden, på svensk dialekt kalt Thordoen, av Lappene selv Tiermes, som er hva som lager støy, og som samsvarer bra med romernes begrep om tordenguden Jupiter og Guden Taramis som jeg har omhandlet i historien om Upsal."<br /><br />“This Tiermes or thunder they think by a special virtue in the Sky to be alive; intimating thereby that power from whence thunder proceeds, or the thundering God, wherefore he is by them called Aijeke, which signifies grand, or great-grand-Father, as the Romans saluted their father Jupiter, and the Swedes their Gubba. This Aijeke when he thunders is by the Laplanders call’d Tiermes”<br /><br />Oversettelse: ”Denne Tiermes eller torden tror de er en levende kraft i himmelen, som dermed betegner den kraft som tordendunder oppstår fra eller den tordnende Gud, derfor kalles han Aijeke, som betyr farfar eller oldefar, på samme måte som Romerne feiret sin far Jupiter og svenskene sin Gubba. Denne Aijeke er når han tordner kalt Tiermes av lappene."<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363922102515626242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIazc7aJE5Dmc0OODbga4nJ_HCpEQnJm4BR4qjz3gTQs9Q6QSHBtkNpTgHNPNBc1c83tdhyphenhyphenSWHBuybv5U6OytFOPqedMAzlV0uop23O2fJ5o9kWDp-WT_jShvZCs-67mV9xMPV-x-10ow/s400/1724+Bernard+Picart+Sami+people+offering+to+Thor.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 385px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Picart (E). Sacrifices to Thor. Ofringer til Thor. Picture/ Bilde: Bernard Picart, 1724-25.</span><br /><br />John Scheffer (1674), page 144 Chapter X: Sami men run a sharp knife through the heart of a reindeer buck and gather the blood from the heart. The image of Thor is placed on an altar and is offered to by drawing crosses with the blood on the chest of the deity. Some of the fat is also offered, and the horns of the sacrificed deer, the skull and its feet are placed behind the deity. The rest of the animal is placed in a coffer and is used in the household. The Sami offered to Thor in the autumn.<br /><br />John Scheffer (1674), side 144 kapittel X: Samiske menn stikker en skarp kniv gjennom hjertet til en reinsdyr bukk og samler opp blodet fra hjertet. Bildet av guden Thor er plassert på et alter og det ofres til ham ved å tegne kors med blodet på brystet til gudebildet. De ofrer også noe av fettet, og hornene, hodeskallen og klovene som plasseres bak bildet av Thor. Resten av det slaktede dyret plasseres i en boks og brukes i husholdet. Samene ofret til Thor om høsten.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Acce & Vanhem</span></span><br />A Comment with reference to Stockfleth (1852): “Father” is in Sami language 1. Acce and 2. Vanhem. “Father's Father” is in Sami language “Agja”. “Father's great grand father” and “great grand father” is in northern Sami “Madaragja” and in Swedish- and Southern Sami “aja” or “Madderaja”. “Forefather” is in northern Sami “Maddacce” or “Maddo” and in Swedish- and Southern Sami “Maddarace” or “Maddaragja”. This might indicate that the Sami languages had changed somewhat from Scheffers description in the 1600eds to the mid 1800eds.<br /><br />En kommentar med referanse til Stockfleth (1852): “Far” eller “Fader” er på samisk 1. Acce og 2. Vanhem. ”Farfar” er på samisk ”agja”. ”Farfars far” og ”oldefar” er på samisk “Madaragja” og på svensk- og sørsamisk “aja” eller “Madderaja”. “Stamfar”er på nordsamisk “Maddacce” eller “Maddo” og på svensk- og sørsamisk “Maddarace” eller “Maddaragja”. Dette kan være en indikasjon på at det samiske språket hadde endret seg fra Scheffers beskrivelse på 1600-tallet til på midten av 1800-tallet.<br /><br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5361378494951160754" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTZzJXddRe8PT8nZm6N0tI9jVqnfPc_x7GBu3gSt93dD6-_cREWHkRXSwH59cp0i1gaLcf-l9zz-E0EwvFCa25wI8DjgrDLCSE-Nc2hKVo9HMAJykLByNtVV1a9E1Dd3XZB9u79qSh_G-q/s400/Sami+men+offering+to+Thor+the+thunder+god.+The+highest+of+their+3+main+Gods.+By+Bernard+Picart+1724.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 307px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Picart (F). The Thunder God of the Sami with a nail in the head and a chain where the flint is attached. Tordenguden til samene med en spiker i hodet og en kjede hvor flinten er festet. Picart, 1724-25.<br /></span><br />The thunder god of the Sami resembles a mans head with a large nail with a flint stone attached, that he might make himself a fire whenever he found one needful (V. Milner, 1860). The fire is according to Scheffer a symbol of the Sun that was worshiped with Thor. Thors image was made in birch wood and he had a hammer in his right hand.<br /><br />Tordenguden til samene likner et mannshode med en stor spiker som det var festet en flintstein til, slik at han kunne lage ild når det var nødvendig (V. Milner, 1860). Ilden er ifølge Scheffer et symbol på solen som ble tilbedt sammen med Thor. Thors bilde var laget av bjørketre og han hadde en hammer i sin høyre hånd.<br /><br />Text from Chapter 10, page 40: “Of the roots of the tree they make the head, and of the trunk the body of the image; for those Birches ... so that it is easily fitted to the shape of a mans head. ... manifest this to be Thor, they put a hammer into his right hand, which is as it were his ensign by which he is known. Into his head they drive a nail of iron or steel, and a small piece of flint to strike fire with, if he hath a mind to it. Thou it rather suppose it was first used to be an emblem of fire, which together with the Sun they worshipped in Thor, whose image here is delineated." (End of quote).<br /><br />Oversettelse av tekst fra kapittel 10, side 40: “Av røttende til treet lager de hodet, og av trestammen kroppen til bildet; for de bjørketrær… slik at det enkelt kan formes til et mannshode… markere at dette er Thor, setter de en hammer i hans høyre hånd, som han kjennetegnes av… I hans hodet slår de inn en spiker av jern eller stål, og en liten bit med flint for å lage ild med, hvis han ønsker det. Selv om det først var et symbol på ild, for sammen med Solen tilba de Thor, hvis bilde her er beskrevet.”<br /><br /><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bassivárrái, Passewara & Passevara - is a Sacred Mountain or Rock - er et hellig fjell</span></span><br /><br /><center><object height="325" width="400"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/umNEnyxxFxE&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/umNEnyxxFxE&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="325" width="400"></embed></object></center><br />A movie "<a href="http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&VideoID=55995041" target="_blank">Vuolgge mu mielde Bassivárrái</a>" by Mona J. Hoel (1997): Come With Me to the Sacred Mountain. En film av Mona J. Hoel (1997) med en tittel som betyr "kom med meg til det hellige fjellet".<br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%; font-weight: bold;">Hedensk religion utøvd blant Lappene i Nummedalen [dvs. Namdalen] på 1700-tallet.</span><br />Thomas von Westen sendte på kristne prester på misjonsoppdrag for å omvende Lappene fra hva de kalte avgudsdyrkelse og til og med "satan dyrkelse" (et kristent begrep) til ulike områder i Norge: Nordlandene, Finnmarken i Nummedalen, Snåsa og Selboe (Hans Skanke, 1730; Qvigstad, side 6, 1903).<br /><br />Hva som er interessant med denne teksten som er skrevet av Skanke etter Thomas von Westen er at kristningen startet så sent som på 1700-tallet i samiske områder av det sentrale og nordlige Norge og Sverige. Med andre ord så er det ikke snakk om 1000-1200, men heller 1600-1700-tallet i forsøket på å konvertere folk fra den hedenske tro i Norden.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 180%;">Pagan religion practiced by the Lapps in Nummedalen i.e. Namdalen in the 1700s.</span> </span><br />Thomas von Westen sent Christian priests as missionaries to convert the Lapps in different areas of Norway, from what they called idolatry and even "Satan idolatry" (a christian concept): Nordlandene, Finnmarken Nummedalen, Snåsa and Selboe (Hans Skanke, 1730; Qvigstad, page 6, 1903).<br /><br />What is interesting with this text written by Skanke after Thomas von Westen is that the christianisation started as late as 1700s in the Sami areas of Central and Northern Norway and Sweden. In other words it is not a question of 1000-1200, but rather 1600-1700 to convert people from the pagan religion in the Nordic.<br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Redefinition of the Old Religion - Omdefinering av den gamle religion</span></span><br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363556217000847026" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLzggMIh_EnLarnptOr827Dma4E-HLQg7LQQhlSXesEMoaxPPs8B0tS3_XBXZWkwxByYvlYwietQHibRF4wY1mbrzWFGdyD9iVaAAEv5HsA7I4g3ZIAp7wTt61XyM0F3xXM8tLsbanZj4/s400/1724+Picart+Jumala.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 276px;" /><span style="font-size: 85%;">Picart (G). The Sami people are offering to and worshiping Jubmel, Jumala or Ibmel (all general words for ”God” in Sami dialects, Stockfleth, 1852). The illustration is from the French edition of “The ceremonies and religious customs of the various nations” (1725) by Bernard Picart. Samene ofrer til og tilber Jubmel, Jumala eller Ibmel (alle er generelle ord for Gud på samisk, Stockfleth, 1852). Illustrasjon er fra den franske utgaven av boken “The ceremonies and religious customs of the various nations” (1725) av Bernard Picart.<br /></span><br />John Scheffer (1674) made in Lapponica a surprising conclusion about the Sami thundergod being the same as the Jumala deity. He did this in spite of the obvious differences between the two deities and after a convincing, distinctive and relatively comprehensive description of the characteristics and the worship of the Sami thundergod. Scheffer (<a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-vii.html" target="_blank">Ch. VII</a>) described Jumala as the main God of the Laplanders as he had done in relation to the thundergod. Jumala was described as sitting upon an Altar with a crown decorated with 12 gems and a golden chain or a Jewel around his neck. This jewel represented Mene or the Moon and hung down upon the breast of the God's image. He was not much unlike God Thor of the Swedes as he is described in our history of Upsal: for he also was sitting with a crown on his head, adorned with stars as Jumala with 12 jewels. Scheffer explained the change of name from Jumala to Thor or Tiermes as a question of fashion or the fame of the name Thor.<br /><br />This is an example of how Scheffer is redefining the old Sami history and religion. It is striking that Woden, Wodan or Odin is absent in Scheffer and other texts about the ancient Sami religion. The fact that old texts described several gods as being “The highest God” of the Sami is one of many examples of intentionally confusing information, likely these are efforts to make the religion incomprehensible. The name of Jumala was not changed to Thor, but Thoragalles was changed to Horagalles. Probably it was the name of Woden or Odin that had been changed to Jumala, however as a consequence of christianisation of Sami mythology and not because of change in fashion. Odin has been described as sitting on a throne.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.primusweb.se/artifactView.do?idOwner=S-NM&idIdentifier=NM.0080070&pageNo=4&noOnPage=12&owner=&criteria=brudkrona&searchObjectType=Unknown&onlyWithPictures=&lastPageNo=5&noInResult=59" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308197347268810402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOZ68gmpLM_wj6RrF9ZczyYYaic1rnYL4D536oa0vCEAdjWC1Nw18ETulGKj4VJic6l9s__yPJAuY3WzjhOEtcKCkIs-92gtH3phPqruyJ3BhJc9JRdetCO6XdZWvG1-lqIyJTce9HUaPy/s320/Lapsk+brudkrona+i+m%C3%A4ssing+Lappland+sverige+NMS+stor.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 240px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo credits to: Nordiska museet, Stockholm <a href="http://www.primusweb.se/artifactView.do?idOwner=S-NM&idIdentifier=NM.0080070&pageNo=4&noOnPage=12&owner=&criteria=brudkrona&searchObjectType=Unknown&onlyWithPictures=&lastPageNo=5&noInResult=59" target="_blank">Sami Bridal Crown from Lappland, Sweden</a> Samisk brudekrone fra Lappland i Sverige. Photo used with permission. </span><br /><br />John Scheffer (1674) gjorde i boken Lapponica en overraskende konklusjon om at den samiske tordenguden er den samme som Jumala guddommen. Han gjorde dette trass i de klare forskjellene mellom de to guddommene og etter å ha beskrevet karakteristikkene til og tilbedelsen av den samiske tordenguden på en overbevisende, særpreget og forholdsvis omfattende måte. I kapittel IVV beskrev Scheffer også Jumala som den viktigste guden til samene slik han hadde gjort i forhold til tordenguden. Jumala ble beskrevet som sittende på et alter (tronstol) med en krone på hodet som var dekorert med 12 edelstener og med en gullkjede rundt sin hals. Denne juvelen som representerte Mene eller månen hengte ned på brystet til gudebildet. Han var ikke ulik svenskenes gud Thor slik han ble beskrevet i vår historie om Upsal: for også han hadde en krone på hodet, omkranset av stjerner slik Jumala hadde 12 juveler. Scheffer forklarte endringen av navn fra Jumala til Thor eller Tiermes som et motefenomen eller berømtheten til navnet Thor.<br /><br />Dette er et eksempel på hvordan Scheffer omdefinerer den gamle samiske historien og religionen. Woden, Wodan eller Odin glimrer med sitt fravær i Scheffer og andre gamle tekster om samenes oldtids historie og religion. Det faktum at eldre tekster beskrev flere guder som ”Den høyeste Gud” er et av mange eksempler på hvor intensjonen åpenbart er å forvirre leseren, sannsynligvis er dette gjort for å gjøre forståelsen av religionen utilgjengelig. Navnet til Jumala var ikke endret til Thor, men Thoragalles var blitt til Horagalles. Det var sannsynligvis navnet til Woden eller Odin som ble endret til Jumala, som en konsekvens av kristningen av den samiske mytologien og ikke på grunn av endringer i moten. Odin er blitt beskrevet som sittende på en trone.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTwfRAcx_A8FxGEwJVPvjyrd5v_Jy5YhIIYPZJi92e3SHEtUhXE7MQRlbl85B9s4QqmdYiqJ2mR91R3Eu-tdyk3MuFMFDA2XCmm9sL5bEoIZiJj9V90Vwc54ih5UpY8cHgxKJjXswiqqI/s1600-h/Finnmark+Runebomme++eiet+av+Anders+Paulsen,+konfiskert+i+Vads%C3%B8,+Norge+1691.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5370615252169350146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTwfRAcx_A8FxGEwJVPvjyrd5v_Jy5YhIIYPZJi92e3SHEtUhXE7MQRlbl85B9s4QqmdYiqJ2mR91R3Eu-tdyk3MuFMFDA2XCmm9sL5bEoIZiJj9V90Vwc54ih5UpY8cHgxKJjXswiqqI/s400/Finnmark+Runebomme++eiet+av+Anders+Paulsen,+konfiskert+i+Vads%C3%B8,+Norge+1691.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 181px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">A Sami drum confiscated in Finnmark (Norway), 1691. En avbildning på en runebomme fra Finnmark som ble konfiskert i 1691 og senere tolket av f.eks. Friis. This drum has been interpreted e.g. by <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/lappiskmytholog02friigoog#page/n78/mode/1up" target="_blank">Friis (1871; 37)</a>. My suggestive interpretation is. Mitt tolkningsforslag er: 1) Bieggagalles. 2) Thora Galles, Thor. 3) Sarva Reindeer. Sarva reinsdyr. 4) Radien. The Sun. Solen. 5) Storjunkare. Freyr. 6) Radiens Son. Radiens sønn. Radien Sardne (Odin or Wodan ?). 7) Pagan Temple with the cross symbols of the three holy Aileges. Hedensk tempel med kors symboler for de tre hellige Aileges. 8) Sar Akkha, Sarakka. The mother of creation.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">465 </span></span><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">variations of "Light" - </span></span><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">"Lys"</span><br /></span>Pehr A. Siljestrøm (1842) referred to studies done by Stockfleth and noticed how important the Sun and the light is to the Sami people, this fact is observable in the Sami language with its 465 derivations from “cuovvgga” (light), where 131 are verbs, 162 are nouns, 152 are adjectives and 19 are adverbs.<br /><br />Pehr A. Siljestrøm (1842) refererte til studier av Stockfleth og bemerket seg hvor viktig Solen og lyset er for samene, dette faktum er observerbart i det samiske språket som har 465 deriveringer av ”cuovvgga” (lys), av disse er det 131 verb, 163 substantiver, 152 adjektiver og 19 adverb.<br /><br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5363311279805880098" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNeJ_rpooXE5-Fton8Jh3sPX89dFOcNhNoXNHl2eEGOPfF-Qwgj8XoPmbRA29aQwuSm51c0HFtSdarhFZvp5OPNuFnWK74TRxxHYDj_OUI4PJvM-m_d09U9pA4QsHXXMyVpoopbka79iU/s400/bilde2+ramme.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 384px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Samisk nomade jente fra områdene i Nordlige Sverige og Norge i århundreskiftet 1800-1900. Sami Nomad girl from the areas of Norhern Sweden and Norway in the turn of the 19th - 20th Century. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Radien - The Sun - Solen</span><br /></span><br />The Sami word for Sun is Baiwe or Peive. The symbol of the sun is fire. To the Sun they offered white animals (Friis, 1871, p. 81). The Sami people have been Worshipers of the Sun, and the Sun was the "Almighty God" or "Almighty Father" called Radien or <a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=77&vuolitsladja=88&giella1=eng" target="_blank">Raedieaehtjie</a>. Friis (1871; 56) refers from Jessen (1767) who translated from the Lapps that “Radien Acce” was the source of power. Radien Acce was believed to be the creator of human soul (S. Kildal, 1730; 451) and he had a powerful son “Raiden Bardne” or “Radien Kiedde”. The son of Radien Acce was likely equivalent to Woden or Odin.<br /><br />Translated from Friis (1871;55): Of the over-heavenly gods or those “that reside in uppermost part of the starry sky” says Jessen “was Radien the highest and greatest. He governed with unlimited power and authority both in heaven and on earth, yes, over all other gods and over the Lapp him self with all there is on earth.”<br /><br />Friis (1871; 43, 56) interpreted the trinity of - "Radien Acce, his son Radien Kiedde and the goddess Radien Akka” or ”Radien Acce, his son Radien Kiedde and the holy Aileges” as the christian trinity. This interpretation is part of the christianisation and is unlikely correct. Trinity as a concept within the Sami and the Goth religion had existed prior to christianity. To better understand the functions of Radien Acce it is necessary to sort out what represents him in the mix-up of Gods and their names mentioned in the old texts.<br /><br />Heimskringla Saga: "Veraldar Goð" (Freyr); Scheffer, 1674: "Weraldar Olmai" (Thor), "Stourra Passe"; R. Karsten, 1955: The "Supreme being", Veralden Olmai, Radien, "Mailman Radien"; H. Forbus: Radien (Umeå and Barsen Lappmarks), "Verald Rad" (Jukkasjarvi), "Weralden Olmai" (Arjeplog & Piteå), Radien (Southern Areas); J. Qvigstad (1903; 10) "Weralden Olmay". “Kjewa Radien” that is mentioned by Forbus is likely the son of Radien, it is told that he ranks below Radien. Stourra Passe which according to <a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-x.html" target="_blank">Scheffer, 1674, Chapter X</a> means “Great Saint” appears in a hymn sung during the sacrifices to him.<br /><br />According to an older text by S. Kildal (1730; 451) “Veralden Radien” provides humans with their Souls, while the goddess Maderakka or "Sar Acha" (Sarakka) gives humans their Bodies. “Veralden Radien” is very likely equivalent with "Veralden Olmai".<br /><br />There is an old ley song (Kvad) mentioned in a previous blog where the Sami men are called "Bæive Barnek" (Beive Barnek) or "The sons of the Sun" (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/lappiskmytholog02friigoog#page/n236/mode/1up" target="_blank">Solens sønner</a>, Friis, 1871;169)."Peiven Parneh": <a href="http://old.no/samidrum/peiven-parneh.html" target="_blank">Peiven Parneh</a> (Solens söner).<br /><br />Read more about <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=rR0VAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=radien+veralden&source=bl&ots=nlrX-wjrJc&sig=vuwsan8cCm6ft0GRstkFaCD4z4Q&hl=en&ei=qbCJSpaYN5ic_AbH_cyaBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10#v=onepage&q=radien%20veralden&f=false" target="_blank">Radien</a> in “The Religion of the Samek” by R. Karsten (1955).<br /><br />Du kan lese mer om Radien in en bok med engelsk tekst av R. Karsten (1955) kalt "The religion of the Samek".<br /><br />Det samiske ord for Sol er Baiwe eller Peive. Symbolet for solen er ilden. Til solen ofret de hvite dyr (Friis, 1871, p. 81). Samene var soltilbedere og solen var den "allmektige gud" eller "allmektige far" med navnet "Radien Acce" eller <a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=77&vuolitsladja=88&giella1=nor" target="_blank">Raedieaehtjie</a>. Friis (1871; 56) refererer til Jessen som oversatte fra Lappene at ”Radien Acce” var kraftens kilde. I følge troen var Radien Acce skaperen av menneskets sjel (S. Kildal, 1730; 451) og han hadde en mektig sønn ”Radien Bardne” eller ”Radien Kiedde”. Sønnen til Radien Acce var sannsynligvis ekvivalent med Woden eller Odin.<br /><br />Oversatt fra Friis (1871;55): Av de overhimmelske guder eller de ”som bor aller øverst oppe i stjernehimmelen” sier Jessen ”var Radien den aller høyeste og største. Han regjerte med uinnskrenket makt og myndighet både over himmel og jord, ja, over alle andre guder og over lappen selv med Alt det som er på jorden.”<br /><br />Friis (1871; 43,56) tolker treenigheten – ”Radien Acce, hans sønn Radien Kiedde og gudinnen Radien Akka” eller ”Radien Acce, hans sønn Radien Kiedde og de hellige Aileges” som den kristne treenigheten. Denne tolkningen er en del av kristningen og er neppe riktig. Trenighet som begrep hadde i den samiske og den gøtiske religion eksistert lenge før kristendommen. For bedre å forstå hvilken betydning Radien Acce hadde så er det viktig å sortere Gudene og deres navn som er sammenblandet i de gamle tekstene.<br /><br />Heimskringla Saga: "Veraldar Goð"; Scheffer, 1674: "Weraldar Olmai" (Thor), "Stourra Passe"; R. Karsten, 1955: Den "høyeste Gud" og "Veralden Olmai". Fra Forbus: Radien, "Mailman Radien"; H. Forbus: Radien (Umeå og Barsen Lappmarker), "Verald Rad" (Jukkasjarvi, "Weralden Olmai" (Arjeplog & Piteå), "Radien" (Sørlige områder).“Kjewa Radien” er sannsynligvis sønn av Radien fordi det nevnes at han står under Radien. "Stourra Passe" (ref. Scheffer kap. X) betyr ”stor helgen” som det synges i en hymne når det ofres til ham.<br /><br />Det finnes et gammelt kvad hvor samiske menn er kalt "Bæive Barnek" (Beive Barnek) eller "Solens sønner" (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/lappiskmytholog02friigoog#page/n236/mode/1up" target="_blank">Solens sønner</a>, Friis, 1871;169). "Peiven Parneh": <a href="http://old.no/samidrum/peiven-parneh.html" target="_blank">Peiven Parneh</a> (Solens söner).<br /><br />S. Kildal (1730; 451) skriver i en eldre tekst at det er ”Veralden Radien” som gir mennesker deres sjel, mens gudinnen Maderakka or Sar Acha (Sarakka) gir menneskene kropp. ”Veralden Radien” er meget sannsynlig den samme som Weralden Olmai.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Literature - Litteratur:</span></span><br /><br />”Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde” by Bernard Picart, 1724-25.<br /><br />Vol. 2, <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/originofpaganido02fabe" target="_blank">The origin of pagan idolatry ascertained from historical testimony and circumstantial evidence</a> by George Stanley Faber, 1816. Eventually download <a href="http://books.google.no/books?id=9KVZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3&dq=origin+of+pagan+idolatry+ascertained+from+historical+testimony+and+circumstantial+evidence+Faber+1816" target="_blank">PDF</a>. Chapter V in this book: page 327 - 476.<br /><br />Take a closer look at the illustrations in the book by Bernard Picart <a href="http://zoe.ats.ucla.edu/Picart/Picart,%20Ceremonies%20et%20Coutumes.%20Volume%204%20Image%20Index.html" target="_blank">Ceremonies et Coutumes. Volume 4 Image Index</a><br /><br /><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=SZLndEYXw7EC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Wirku+Accha&source=bl&ots=qo7N5eS1up&sig=v0DXAsKMb3Dw6rVGSX4Ogok25Lk&hl=en&ei=PJ5bSoD1Mpz0nQO62qTdCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9" target="_blank">History of the Names of Men, Nations and Places in Their Connection with the progress of Civilization</a> by Eusebius Salverte (1864).<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/forsttningafjou00lsgoog" target="_blank">Forsättning af journalen öfver missions-resor i Lappmarken, innefattande ... (1833)</a> av Petrus Læstadius.<br /><br />“Lapp Life and Customs: A Survey” by Ørnulv Vorren, Ernst Manker; Oxford University Press, 1962.<br /><br />John Scheffer (1621-1679): "The History of Lapland", Oxford 1674. Read it online: <a href="http://www.kb.se/F1700/Lapland/Lapland.htm" target="_blank">The history of Lappland</a> in English Language. The book is called "Lapponica" in Latin. Credits to The Royal Library of Sweden, Nationalbiblioteket. Thank you for sharing.<br /><br />"Johannes Schefferus Lappland" Översätting från latinet av Henrik Sundin. Granskad och bearbetad av Johan Granlund, Bengt Löw och John Bergström. Utgivare: Ernst Manker, Uppsala, 1956. To my knowledge this book is not available to read on the Internet.<br /><br />These chapters from John Scheffers "The history of Lapland" are easier to read:<br /><a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-vii.html" target="_blank">CHAP· VII· Of the Religion of the Laplanders.</a><br /><a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-viii.html" target="_blank">CHAP· VIII· Of the second, or Christian Religion of the Laplanders.</a><br /><a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-ix.html" target="_blank">CHAP· IX· Of some remains of Paganism in Lapland at this time.</a><br /><a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-x.html" target="_blank">CHAP· X· Of the heathenish Gods of the Laplanders, and their manner of worship at this day.</a><br /><a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-xi.html" target="_blank">CHAP· XI· Of the magicall Ceremonies of the Laplanders.</a><br /><br /><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=KCcVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=Wirku+Accha&source=bl&ots=omNGARojKj&sig=n71BoD27A4XAZ77Wz_e4XYZEBCQ&hl=en&ei=d5hbSrnWG5WKmwPS8YDWAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7" target="_blank">Histoire de la Laponie</a> by Johannes Gerhard Scheffer, Augustin Lubin, 1678: “Cet Auteur nous aprend que le Temple consacré à Thoron ou Tiermes sevoit aussi au Soleil; qu’on ne l’adoroit point en d’autres lieux….” (end of quote Page 73).<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/errorschainshow00hallgoog" target="_blank">Error's chains : how forged and broken</a> by F. Stockton Dobbins et al. 1883.<br /><br /><a href="http://fornvannen.se/pdf/1930talet/1931_048_kompr.pdf" target="_blank">Arne, Ture J. Antikvitetskollegiets och Antikvitetsarkivets samlingar. Sid. 48-93</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/thunorthunderer00stepgoog" target="_blank">Thunor the Thunderer carved on a Scandinavian font of about the year 1000</a> by G. Stephens, London (1878).<br /><br /><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=km66Nu4d-34C&dq=Symbol+and+Image+in+Celtic+Religious+Art++Green&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=NVGxWIlglo&sig=x6xkyqVzx7fhk9YRPCeNOjZR4F8&hl=en&ei=vrZfSuqNN6SCnQPCrcnVAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1" target="_blank">Symbol and Image in Celtic Religious Art</a> by Miranda Green; Routledge, 1992.<br /><br />Ingunn Ásdísardóttir <a href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/medieval.www/sagaconf/ingunn.htm" target="_blank">Frigg and Freyja: One Great Goddess or Two?</a> (Reykjavík Academy).<br /><br /><a href="http://runeberg.org/display.pl?mode=facsimile&work=lapptrumm&page=0001" target="_blank">Lapptrummor och Runmagi</a> by Sigurd Agrell, Lund (1934).<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/lappiskmytholog02friigoog" target="_blank">Lappisk mythology, eventyr og folkesagn</a> by Jens Andreas Friis, Christiania (1871).<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/lappiskesprogpr00friigoog" target="_blank">Lappiske Sprogprøver. En samling af Lappiske Eventyr, Ordsprog og Gaader. Med ordbog</a> by J. A. Friis, Christiania, 1856.<br /><br /><a href="https://bora.uib.no/bitstream/1956/670/1/Forholdet%20mellom%20gudar%20og%20jotnar%20i%20norr%C3%B8n%20mytologi%20i%20lys%20av%20det%20mytologiske%20namnevalget.pdf" target="_blank">Forholdet mellom gudar og jotnar i norrøn mytologi i lys av det mytologiske namnematerialet</a> av professor Else Mundal, Bergen.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Ynglinga-soga" target="_blank">Ynglinga Saga</a><br /><br /><a href="http://lind.no/nor/splitt.asp?lang=gb&emne=&person=&list=&vis=s_be_olav_tryggvason" target="_blank">Heimskringla</a> (Norsk & English)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/siida/christian/decline.htm" target="_blank">The Decline of the Sámi People’s Indigenous Religion</a> by Alan “Ivvár” Holloway.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/originpaganidol01fabegoog" target="_blank">The Origin of Pagan Idolatry Ascertained from Historical Testimony and Circumstantial Evidence</a> by George Stanley Faber, 1816.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nb.no/utlevering/nb/6c56e635bf836d939eed5662b135ed43" target="_blank">Nordkalotten : oppdagelser, ressurser, misjon : Nordisk saga på 1700-tallet</a> av Hans Lindkjølen B. 2 av Nordisk saga (Les online på Nasjonalbibliotekets nettsider)<br /><br />Johan Peringskiöld. Then första boken af Swea och Götha minnings-merken vthi Uplandz första del Thiundaland (sv)((Monumentorum sveo-gotliicorum liber primus etc., lat.), 1710.<br /><br /><a href="http://ethnohistory.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/55/1/1" target="_blank">Värro Muorra: The Landscape Significance of Sami Sacred Wooden Objects and Sacrificial Altars</a> by Bergman, I. Et al. (2008). Download PDF<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/forsttningafjou00lsgoog" target="_blank">Fortsättning af Journalen öfver Missions-resor i Lappmarken innbefattende årene 1822 – 1832</a> by Petrus Læstadius, page 491, 1833.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/religiousdenomin00milnuoft" target="_blank">Religious denominations of the world</a> by V. Milner et al. (1860)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/anteckningaroch00siljgoog" target="_blank">Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, i synnerhet de nordligaste delarna af detta land</a> by Pehr Adam Siljeström, Stockholm, 1842. Page 58.<br /><br /><a href="http://books.google.no/books?id=_Y8NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR37&lpg=PR37&dq=Lindahl+Lexicon+Lappon&source=bl&ots=S-69DNqnv8&sig=sMdMKZKHBi8dWTf0y3b1WQgNw8Q&hl=no&ei=0CZuSte8O4yMsAacmu2gBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2" target="_blank">Lexicon Lapponicum</a> by Erik Lindahl, Johan Öhrling, Johan Ihre, 1780.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/lexiconlapponic00ihregoog" target="_blank">Lexicon Lapponicum</a> by Lindahl, Öhrling & Ihre (1780)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/christfridganan01thomgoog" target="_blank">Mythologia Fennica, 1789 Christfrid Ganander Thomasson's Finnische mythologie</a> translated in 1821 to German by Peterson, Christian Jaak, tr.<br /><br />The christianising started late, also in the Sami areas of mid Norway. Rread more in Epitome historiæ missionis lapponicæ ved Hans Skanke, 1730. The christian missions intensified during the 1600 and 1700s. Kristningen startet sent, også i samiske områder av Midt-Norge (Trøndelag). Les mer i følgende dokument. Kristingen ble intensivert i løpet av 1600-1700-tallet: <a href="http://lenvik-museum.no/meny5/Samisk%20historie/HANS_SKANKE.pdf" target="_blank">Epitome historiæ missionis lapponicæ ved Hans Skanke, 1730</a> ved Johs. Falkenberg, Oslo, 1942. Skanke tok for seg skriftene til <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_von_Westen" target="_blank">Thomas von Westen</a>.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.stenudd.se/myter/samiskskapelse-7.htm" target="_blank">Hemlig samisk skapelse: Ukjent gjennom 2000 år</a> av Stefan Stenudd<br /><br />J. Qvigstad. Kildeskrifter til den lappiske Mythologi; side 1-90, 1903: <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/detkglnorskevid06selsgoog" target="_blank">Det Kgl. Norske videnskabers selskabs skrifter (1904)</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/nordischelehnwr00quiggoog" target="_blank">Nordische lehnwörter im lappischen</a> by J. Qvigstad, 1893.<br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/bibliographiede00qviggoog" target="_blank">Bibliographie der lappischen Litteratur</a> by J. Qvigstad, 1899.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/norgesgamlelovei00hertuoft" target="_blank">Norges gamle Love indtil 1387</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Kongelige%20Norske%20videnskabers%20selskab%22" target="_blank">Kongelige Norske videnskabers selskab</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Norske%20videnskabers%20selskab%2C%20Trondheim.%20%5Bfrom%20old%20catalog%5D%22" target="_blank">Norske videnskabers selskab, Trondheim. [from old catalog]</a><br /><br />”Efterretning om Finners og Lappers hedenske Religion” (Skandinaviske literaturselskab skrifter, Skandinavisk literaturselskab, Copenhagen, 1807, II. side 455): <a href="http://books.google.no/books?id=E1P50FHCUTcC&pg=RA1-PA446&lpg=RA1-PA446&dq=%22Sigvard+Kildal%22+1807&source=bl&ots=u61qQlyQgN&sig=S9V3xj1V7ykbHJLqf0FE32ZKAik&hl=no&ei=sCZ5SomWCcOEsAbF7b2YBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false" target="_blank">Efterretning om Finners og Lappers hedenske Religion</a><br /><br /><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=rR0VAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false" target="_blank">The Religion of the Samek</a> by Rafael Karsten, 1955<br /><br /><a href="http://books.google.no/books?id=L6sdAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=%22Lava+ailekes%22&source=bl&ots=9UPqlTF9Nr&sig=ka6c6cLU15PS1i5ayNtdyFgBQQc&hl=no&ei=6DeESq-aHsaHsAbIssWCCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false" target="_blank">Vol. 1:Dictionnaire de la fable: ou Mythologie</a> by François-Joseph-Michel Noël, 1823<br /><br /><a href="http://books.google.no/books?id=kYMdAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:0k7RDX1TZy_kM9#v=onepage&q=&f=false" target="_blank">Vol. 2:Dictionnaire de la fable: ou Mythologie</a> by François-Joseph-Michel Noël, 1823.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/deutschemytholo01grimgoog" target="_blank">Deutsche mythologie</a> by Grimm & Meyer, 1854; p. 124: Wodan aus seiner himmlischen wohnung, scaut durch ein fenster sur erde nieder, vollkommen der altnordischen vorstellung gemals. Odinn hat einen Thron.<br /><br />Ailekes, ou Ailekes Olmak, dicux des jours saint chez les Lapons. Ils accompagnent le Soleil, et s’appellent Fried-Ailek, Lava Ailek et Buorres, où Sodnoubeiwe-Ailek. Ailekes p. 54 <a href="http://books.google.no/books?id=L6sdAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=%22Lava+ailekes%22&source=bl&ots=9UPqlTF9Nr&sig=ka6c6cLU15PS1i5ayNtdyFgBQQc&hl=no&ei=6DeESq-aHsaHsAbIssWCCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false" target="_blank">Vol. 1:Dictionnaire de la fable: ou Mythologie</a> by François-Joseph-Michel Noël, 1823.<br /><br />Knud Leem was from 1725 the second christian missioner in Porsanger, Finnmark (Norway), before him was Rasmus Rachlew from 1718 - 1722: <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=M4QBAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA13&lpg=RA1-PA13&dq=lava+ailek&source=bl&ots=1qCp6Jx_Gr&sig=XmRB_Fg1kbQ3fYacoST9bwglatE&hl=en&ei=47KESvaJIoKi_gbvobiyBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10#v=onepage&q=lava%20ailek&f=false" target="_blank">Knud Leems Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper: deres tungemaal, levemaade og forrige avgudsdyrkelse</a> By Knud Leem, Johan Ernst Gunnerus, Erik Johan Jessen, 1767.<br /><br /><a href="http://scandinavian.wisc.edu/dubois/Courses_folder/Sami_readings/Week4-5/Samireligion.pdf" target="_blank">The names of the Saami thunder-God in the light of dialect geography</a> by Håkan Rydving, Uppsala.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-32867706930631528432009-03-18T12:21:00.064+01:002011-02-24T01:17:33.726+01:00Sami Musical Instruments, Songs and Old Photos - Samiske musikkinstrumenter, sang og gamle foto<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcrsDNzlF48cnifQq6uRessso_wkoeYC10CC_n8EUdHGn3HIjA2u0gUFjL3oZ2z8kLLj_am1yYwshqv5PPQEiy3gqOxZq7MmVJ-PNVRMmGGhzUDFNseldANiWPvYN1FN9MxNCkaG3xN1MS/s1600-h/Sami+Sweden+playing+Lur0001.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 314px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcrsDNzlF48cnifQq6uRessso_wkoeYC10CC_n8EUdHGn3HIjA2u0gUFjL3oZ2z8kLLj_am1yYwshqv5PPQEiy3gqOxZq7MmVJ-PNVRMmGGhzUDFNseldANiWPvYN1FN9MxNCkaG3xN1MS/s400/Sami+Sweden+playing+Lur0001.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314456983100465122" border="0" /></a> <span style="font-size:85%;"> En samisk kvinne spiller Lur om kvelden. Tresnitt etter naturen fra midten av 1800-tallet. Klikk på bildet. A Sami woman is playing a Lure Horn in the evening. Engraving after Nature, mid 1800eds. Click on the picture<br />Artist: Emma Edwall (Stockholm).</span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></div><div><span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span>Book/ Bok: "Luren: tolv lappiske og norske viser og sange" Abraham Wilhelm Brun, 1900. The Sámi name for "Lur" is "Luvra". Den samiske benevnelsen for "Lur" is "Luvra". Abraham Wilhelm Støren Brun er et annet navn jeg finner på denne forfatteren .<br /><br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Lur horns and bark flutes</span></span><br />The Lur (a trumpet made from brass or wood) has a long history in the Nordic. The Lur trumpets of Bronze have been used since the Bronze Age in the Nordic areas. A wooden Lur was found in the Oseberg Viking Ship Mound that dates back to about 834 CE. It was commonly used for signaling and calling animals.<div><br />"The Laplanders know no musical instrument except the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lur" target="_blank">Lur</a> (a sort of trumpet), and pipes made of the bark of the quicken tree or mountain ash." Text quoted from <a href="http://www.us.archive.org/GnuBook/?id=lachesislapponic02linn#49" target="_blank">Carl von Linné and Sir James Edward Smith: Lachesis lapponica. A tour in Lapland, Linnaeus (1811), Volume: 2 (p. 51)</a>. Publisher White and Cochrane, London 1811. Translated book from Linnaeus Travels in Swedish and Norwegian Lapland during 1732.<br /><br />The Willow tree is more commonly used for these flutes than the Mountain Ash: <a href="http://www.naturinstrumenter.no/Instrumenter/Seljefloyte/Seljefloyte.htm" target="_blank">Listen to this flute</a><br /><br />Lurs were also used as war instruments and have been found in Viking Ships. In <a href="http://saamiblog.blogspot.com/2008_08_03_archive.html" target="_blank">a previous blog</a> I have referred to old literature that tells about the Sami in Nordland and Finnmark as very compentent (jekt) boat builders. In the old Saga literature it is told the Sami also built fast and excellent Viking Ships. In this context it is natural that the Sami still used the Lur instrument in the 1700 and 1800-eds.<br /><br />You can read more about the Lur in these two sites:<br /><br /><a href="http://abel.hive.no/trumpet/lur/wood/" target="_blank">The Wooden Lurs</a><br /><br /><a href="http://abel.hive.no/trumpet/lur/bronze/" target="_blank">The Bronze Lurs</a><br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />Sami Kvad (Runic) Chanting</span></span><br />As told in <a href="http://kalevala.gov.karelia.ru/songs/song12_e.shtml" target="_blank">Kalevala</a>, the accomplishments of the “Noitat or Tietajat”, i.e. shaman or famous sorceress frequently were achieved with their wisdom, songs and runic spells and not with the sword (Friis, 1871). The following 12th song from Kalevala V, 395 – 402 supports that the Sami earlier used ”Kvad” singing:<br /><center>”Then he looked into the house,<br />Peered in from his hidden corner:<br />Saw the house was full of adepts,<br />Benches crowded with enchanters,<br />Side walls lined with Hiisi's harpers,<br />Doorway jammed with sorcerers;<br />On the back bench sat the seers,<br />Wizards in the chimney corner.<br />They were chanting Lapland runos,<br />Howling out the hymns of Hiisi.”</center><br />Except for a kvad about the bear hunt and a hero-song about "the sons of the sun" called “Bæive Barnek”, these Kvads disappeared with christianisation. Source: ”Lappisk mythologi, eventyr og folkesagn” av Friis, 1871. Another Sami Kvad song that have been preserved is "Guttavuorok" about one that can transform himself into 6 different characters (Source: <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/ensommerifinmar00friigoog" target="_blank">En sommer i Finnmarken…</a>, Friis, 1871).<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">How and why this documented and observed history of the Sami people so completely have changed ownership is not easy to understand.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Lur og Seljefløyter </span></span><br />Lur er en slags trompet som er laget av messing, bronse eller trevirke og som har en lang historie i Norden. Lur-trompetene av bronse er brukt i Norden fra Bronse alderen. Neverlur er velkjent. En lur i trevirke er funnet i Oseberg Vikingskipsgraven som dateres tilbake til ca. 834 CE. Luren var vanligvis brukt for signalisering og for å lokke dyr med.<br /><br />"Samene kjenner ikke noen musikk instrumenter untatt <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lur#cite_note-4" target="_blank">Lur</a> (en slags trompet) og fløyter laget av barken til rognebærtreet". Kilden til denne informasjonen er fra <a href="http://www.us.archive.org/GnuBook/?id=lachesislapponic02linn#49" target="_blank">Carl von Linné and Sir James Edward Smith: Lachesis lapponica. A tour in Lapland, Linnaeus (1811), Volume: 2 (p. 51)</a>. Utgitt av White and Cochrane, London 1811. Dette er en bok som er oversatt til engelsk og omhandler Linnaeus reiser til de svenske og norske Samene i 1732. Her kan du lese tekst om lur og barkefløyter på svensk: <a href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3038/" target="_blank">Ungdomsskriftene til Carl von Linné (1732)</a>, se side 146.<br /><br />Det kan legges til at rognebærtreet er mindre kjent enn seljetreet for disse fløytene: <a href="http://www.naturinstrumenter.no/Instrumenter/Seljefloyte/Seljefloyte.htm" target="_blank">Lytt til Seljefløyte her</a><br /><br />Lur ble også brukt som krigsinstrumenter og er funnet i Vikingskip. I en <a href="http://saamiblog.blogspot.com/2008_08_03_archive.html" target="_blank">tidligere blogg</a> har jeg referert til gammel litteratur som forteller at Samene i Nordland og Finnmark var svært kompetente Jekt- og båtbyggere. I den gamle Sagalitteraturen er det også fortalt at Samene bygde hurtige og storartede Vikingskip. I en slik kontekst er det naturlig at Samene fremdeles brukte Lur på 1700 og 1800-tallet. <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Samiske Kvad</span></span><br />I Kalevala blir det fortalt at „Noitat eller Tietajat", dvs. sjamaner eller berømte trollmenn nesten aldri utfører noen av sine bedrifter med sverdet, men så godt som alltid med sin visdom, sin sang og sine trylleformularer. Det følgende dikt 12. sang fra Kalevala V, 395 – 402 viser at kveding ble brukt av samene i eldre tider:<br /><br /><center>(Stuen var af Troldmend opfyldt) Stuen var av trollmenn fylt,<br />(Sangere på Bænke sadde) Sangere på benker satt,<br />(Kloge Mænd ved dørens stolper) Kloke menn ved dørens stolper,<br />(Spaamænd på fornemste bænken) Spåmenn på fornemste benk,<br />(Og Besværgere ved ovnen) Og Besvergerne ved ovnen,<br />(Lapske Sange sang de alle) Lappiske sanger sang alle,<br />(Hiisi Kvæder frem de gnelte) Hiisi Kveder frem de gnelte.</center><br /><br />Disse kvadene forsvant med kristningen, bortsett fra en sang om bjørnefangsten og en heltesang om solens sønner ”Bæive Barnek” (les mer på side 169). Kilde: <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/lappiskmytholog02friigoog" target="_blank">Lappisk mythologi, eventyr og folkesagn</a> av Friis, 1871. Et annet kvad som er ivaretatt er "Guttavuorok" som handler om en som kan omforme seg til seks skikkelser (Kilde: <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/ensommerifinmar00friigoog" target="_blank">En sommer i Finnmarken…</a>, Friis, 1871).<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Hvordan og hvorfor denne dokumenterte og observerte historien til Samene har fått et helt annet eierskap er ikke enkelt å forstå.</span><br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 289px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFBlXCU_903EX9nXIxcpcjpPlUKQH-pdaDAL95Rw-keTcyZjIt9d0XpVLZJoF7utb680887lPr8EPu0_hQTnxeWQVwNBz-Cc6e7fmXaG0xKm8R4xHmtFyLFVqzqyYWCn9wEioXiD1KDjw/s400/sami+woman+playing+lur.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314846043909806338" border="0" /> <center><span style="font-size:180%;"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.naturinstrumenter.no/Instrumenter/Neverlur/Neverlur.htm" target="_blank">Listen to Lur</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> - Hør på Lur her</span></span></center><p></p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjz_2kwauzRghvnpYH2SV2fjBMAwZtVZAw7-9SOo3HfAG-9yLeD7WSxKDFK50ynx59AOfG69efcpBvp-j2wlMixasXrfHC268pGEiAex_b1GycwoIsXnVjO4aIJ_7gyfmqw31xYR_nrSBU/s1600-h/Nomadesamer+i+Lyngen+1920-30ies.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 301px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjz_2kwauzRghvnpYH2SV2fjBMAwZtVZAw7-9SOo3HfAG-9yLeD7WSxKDFK50ynx59AOfG69efcpBvp-j2wlMixasXrfHC268pGEiAex_b1GycwoIsXnVjO4aIJ_7gyfmqw31xYR_nrSBU/s400/Nomadesamer+i+Lyngen+1920-30ies.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314476030514533554" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:78%;"> Nomad Sami men in Lyngen, Norway in the 1920-30ies. Photo: A. Giever published by T. Höegh. Flyttsamer i Lyngen, 1920-30-tallet . Klikk på foto / Click on the photo</span><span style="font-size:78%;">.</span><br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 382px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyyjs2eTzux8XdwrV1msfnhDenaRmAMFk7_lTX8OjBAYTDpw_dRPcP30bT91Wiuf6MWruo8R22oV7NfXkuIKKzI3UH2HZ21y8kibBxhitvOi9YI47V24uHm3carZc63vaJI9EaBPieoo0N/s400/Sami+Nomad+family+Nordland+Norway.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5299558546491088706" border="0" /><span style="font-size:78%;">Norske Samer i Nordland, Norge, 1920-30-tall. Norwegian Sami in Nordland, Norway, 1920-30ies. Photo by C.A. Erichsen.</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOcv9VNhW3WatqV5r_gNer-dig0OrqF4jyn4N_lyMFovgzgSycJw4MWk8YW9_0vWZ-cNMoaqa337cZAbhuiF_MQIwFtqI5vZCBV3R9yRJJEAh-ETPdTQt8deh3bCFuOSAW0HK_SbcmfTmD/s1600-h/saami+family+public+domain.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 281px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOcv9VNhW3WatqV5r_gNer-dig0OrqF4jyn4N_lyMFovgzgSycJw4MWk8YW9_0vWZ-cNMoaqa337cZAbhuiF_MQIwFtqI5vZCBV3R9yRJJEAh-ETPdTQt8deh3bCFuOSAW0HK_SbcmfTmD/s400/saami+family+public+domain.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5305729440968686786" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:78%;"> Sami Family 1890-1900, photo from Library of Congress. Samisk familie fra 1880-1900.</span> <span style="font-size:78%;">Klikk på foto / Click on the photo</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBbfdBu1Pq_vg-fwI6bSHVdjJYmfiOGk8x1577GYpsfUkUsqGH8sdm0FUuvNtCZZfBZXnq7dyjOWzSDZRM9U5pEpE5g8U1ZYMxrYi4VzD650cWfQ3YgIIQqbwvVPPlm7Rueo4XstdzKCU/s1600-h/Samer+Vaisaluokta+Lappland+Sweden+publ.+1926.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 328px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBbfdBu1Pq_vg-fwI6bSHVdjJYmfiOGk8x1577GYpsfUkUsqGH8sdm0FUuvNtCZZfBZXnq7dyjOWzSDZRM9U5pEpE5g8U1ZYMxrYi4VzD650cWfQ3YgIIQqbwvVPPlm7Rueo4XstdzKCU/s400/Samer+Vaisaluokta+Lappland+Sweden+publ.+1926.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5318198799055359138" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:78%;">Sami family in boat from Vaisaluokta, Sweden. Photo by T. Dahllöf. Before 1926. Samisk familie i båt fra Vaisaluokta, Sverige. Før 1926.</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRLsd9rXwVoi9NgpCIkabycZrt1dc__oA4IndaDVGz7e4AIz3pXE7imRXYMqndSUE-cEmCRoqJ-cePqB-uRquCZH50Bw_uD2fg4lMIRaDYMFpoP6WtzIfVdmAlgC4st7YfDGLTGlCR_AL_/s1600-h/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-764-0479-31A,_Norwegen,_Soldat_mit_Lappen.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 288px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRLsd9rXwVoi9NgpCIkabycZrt1dc__oA4IndaDVGz7e4AIz3pXE7imRXYMqndSUE-cEmCRoqJ-cePqB-uRquCZH50Bw_uD2fg4lMIRaDYMFpoP6WtzIfVdmAlgC4st7YfDGLTGlCR_AL_/s400/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-764-0479-31A,_Norwegen,_Soldat_mit_Lappen.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314481054424247298" border="0" /></a> <span style="font-size:78%;">Two Norwegian Sami Men and a German soldier in 1940. To norske Samer og en Tysk soldat i 1940. Bundesarchiv Bild: 101I-764-0479-31A, Norwegen, Soldat mit Lappen . Photo by Schwarz. Internet source: Wikimedia.</span> <span style="font-size:78%;">Klikk på foto / Click on the photo.</span><br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 274px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtZU6QHZYJtowCg9Is_GL8acVDn61RDGsic1TooUbxAbpB8Jfl0ksNi8B9IJxckLxG2Vbu_i1JG-o0qUZ3MKObRuw9Vosd9Wt6dNtgiZ-8nz-K6ZnLvdy0_DWqfKTf5vtFwU5HBHecbMyv/s400/Samen+Ole+H%C3%A6tta+Norway.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5299560479109165234" border="0" /> <span style="font-size:78%;">Sami man, Ole Hetta, Norway. Samisk mann Ole Hetta, Norge.</span><br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 314px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtQBRnoMT2w6kF6cu32FvshIzmutQIg2kl6LbbAASVw190dT18Kjk74Lp5Kb5Vu5aSD_R8Ps1gX8hXaUAzjzaP8yP2FVCnFxHGXaEfAQrrS0oZcCSkD-R-iqLM5ZR4rFdi6bXDWac7tU29/s400/Carl+Eric,+Swedish+Nomad+Saami,+1893.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5299559676013418530" border="0" /><span style="font-size:78%;">Carl Eric, Swedish Nomad Saami, photo from 1893. Svensk.</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0WRL_ipL2jFpvvZdxo3ilx1yxG_2n7yOu6dulLX9ILzqP_Two1vHID2XsVRlRXzCfEdaTnR3sx1rw2iZIgYFHw3Ogp4h_7YcMGzNnzIw8yCDLNrCxZoY11fZ8S4hmZVTxXWWCgQG1SgEL/s1600-h/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-119-0413-32,_Norwegen,_deutscher_Soldat,_Einheimischer+by+Rymas+23+September+1943++wikimedia.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 266px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0WRL_ipL2jFpvvZdxo3ilx1yxG_2n7yOu6dulLX9ILzqP_Two1vHID2XsVRlRXzCfEdaTnR3sx1rw2iZIgYFHw3Ogp4h_7YcMGzNnzIw8yCDLNrCxZoY11fZ8S4hmZVTxXWWCgQG1SgEL/s400/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-119-0413-32,_Norwegen,_deutscher_Soldat,_Einheimischer+by+Rymas+23+September+1943++wikimedia.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314480844213403506" border="0" /></a> <span style="font-size:78%;">A Norwegian Sami and a German soldier eating dried reindeer meat in 1943. Norsk Same og en Tysk soldat i 1943 spiser tørket reinsdyrkjøtt. Bundesarchiv Bild: 101I-119-0413-32, Norwegen, deutscher Soldat, Einheimischer by Rymas 23 September 1943. Internet source: Wikimedia. </span><span style="font-size:78%;">Klikk på foto / Click on the photo</span><br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 307px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghBQMAq1YQ7i24z63UOuOAvQwNzQryxooNwByXselahjQDXxm4azXe-FHqqorwjtXW9FwlkScZwYNqWKST90LX9QNetklP16t9yOKka7LaZPSaI-1e_CS1qDyhGuZ8ed56LXFNFUnManI/s400/B+2910.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314533616703779874" border="0" /><span style="font-size:78%;"> Svensk Samisk kvinne med barn fra Sorsele. Swedish Sami woman with child from Sorsele. Photo by Gustav Lundgren. <a href="http://www.vbm.se/" target="_blank">Kilde/Source: Västerbotten Museum, Sverige</a> © Photo used with permission. </span></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-13449840926199654822009-03-14T07:16:00.098+01:002012-01-14T19:58:05.427+01:00Runes and "Serpent Worship" among the Sami - Samisk bruk av Runer og Slangetilbedelse<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294387466828930018" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOC8u5LsrfbuJY8GHYZxLmna2FNnhXlalD1-BvdgeSwY7Q4QnGZ05B3TLxGh_sbuACt9aXrI_VEzrVVSy6WzTSfoHWUO_IJMzQuec4un1rZRb0-YiE375sui66e-hNDOJ0w42KzBVtPbo-/s400/ADALBERT+BEAUMONT+1840+Laplander%27s+Hut+on+the+Kongarno+Pama.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 264px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Sami camp. Samisk nomadeleir. The picture is used with permission: Credits to <a href="http://www.antiquemaps.no/" target="_blank">Kunstantikvariat Pama AS</a> </span><br />
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Prior to the use of photography artists captured and portrayed culture and people. This is a picture made by A. Beaumont (1840) of Sami people near Pajala in Sweden.<br />
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Før bruken av fotografiet ble vanlig var det kunstnere som skildret folk og kulturer. Dette bildet er malt av A. Beaumont (1840) av samer nær Pajala i Sverige.<br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312567763713245266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiewDsMDG_XOgn0Io9BFMIHwp2Pa5gz6KKP-AtOuVJm4fUWeMRNT7kh-uBM77emJ9wDbD0VZQkwFLl-PZi1dofRST78n8K9NsvheT0QeqgmX3pPThmokPo5IzPAQwIUxKa2tbobfY4Pw8La/s400/segment+of+N%C3%A6r%C3%B8+Sami+Shaman+drum.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 188px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> The three main Gods of the Sami on a segment of the ancient Sami Shaman Drum first described by Thomas von Westen: Thor (Tiermes), Frej (Storjunkaren, Veralden Olmai) and the Wind or Storm God. This drum was first described in 1720, but was much older. Some fig. from the left: A bear, Thor with two hammers, over him a Sarva reindeer, a tree, in the middle Frej [i.e. Freyr, Frøy, Frö] and the Wind God to the left. </span><span style="font-size: 78%;">De tre viktigste Gudene til Samene på et segment av den eldgamle runebommen fra Norge først beskrevet av Thomas von Westen: Thor (Tiermes), Frej (Storjunkaren, Veralden Olmai ) og Vind - eller stormguden. Denne trommen var først beskrevet i 1720, men var da mye eldre. Noen fig. fra venstre: En bjørn, Thor med to hamre, over ham et Sarva reinsdyr, et tre, i midten Frej [dvs. Freyr, Frøy, Frö] og Vindguden</span><span style="font-size: 78%;"> til høyre. Source: Sigurd Agrell, 1934. <br />
<span style="color: #9999ff; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #cccccc;">Sigurd Agrell writes that Frej is called "Veralden Olmai" by the Sami and “Veraldar Guð” in the Heimskringla Saga, it means “the World God”. According to Friis (1871) the Sami describes Frej as "Veralde Olmai" that means "Man of heaven". Sigurd Agrell skriver at Frej kalles "Veralden Olmai" av Samene og “Veraldar Guð” i Heimskringla Saga, det betyr verdensguden. I </span><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/lappiskmytholog02friigoog" target="_blank">Lappisk mythologi, eventyr og folkesagn</a> <span style="color: #cccccc;">beskriver Friis (1871) samenes navn på Frej som "Veralde Olmai" som betyr "Himmel Mann".</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">"Ægis Hielmar" & Thorshammer</span></span><br />
The Sami people have used runes on calendars and on the Shaman drums until recent history. Johannis Peringskiöld (1710) described the Sami as idol worshippers. They'd beat the shaman drums with Thors hammers made of horn. The hammers were formed as crosses. The drums had different symbols and crosses. Additionally the Sami used a book </span><span style="font-size: 100%;">were the magic were called “Ægis Hielmar” (Lindkjølen, 1995). I have so far not found more information about the book or Ægis Hielmar, however my guess is that the book contained runic formulas related to the shaman drum-séance. According to J. A. Friis (1871) the form of a drum hammer he observed were formed like the Latin T, was nicely decorated and in the handle there was a hole for a string. <a href="http://runeberg.org/lapptrumm/" target="_blank">Sigurd Agrell</a> (1934) have discussed and shown how each sacred symbol is described by a particular Runic letter and how Runes sometimes are integrated into the symbols of the drums (page 107 – 169).<br />
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Samene har brukt runer for eksempel på kalendere og runebommer (dvs. sjamantrommer) helt til nyere tid. Johannis Peringskiöld (1710) beskrev Samene som avgudsdyrkere og brukere av korsformede Thorshammere som de slo på runebommene med. Thorshammerne var laget av horn. På trommene var det ulike symboler / tegn og kors. De brukte også en bok hvor magien ble kalt "Ægis hielmar” (Lindkjølen, 1995). Så langt har jeg ikke funnet mer informasjon om denne boken eller om Ægis Hielmar, men en gjetning er at den inneholdt runetegn formler som ble brukt av sjamanene.</span><span style="font-size: 100%;"> I følge J. A. Friis (1871) var formen på hammeren lik en latinsk T og den var fint dekorert og i skaftet var det et hull for snor. <a href="http://runeberg.org/lapptrumm/" target="_blank">Sigurd Agrell</a> (1934) har diskutert og vist hvordan runetegn noen ganger er integrert i de ulike symbolene på runebommer, samt hvordan det er spesielle runetegn knyttet til hvert hellige symbol på trommen (side 107 – 169).</span><br />
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Selv om de fleste gjenstander og monumenter fra den eldgamle Samiske kulturen er tapt så finnes det likevel noe evidens på at Samene tidlig brukte runer. Det er gravert inn runer på en spydspiss av skifer funnet i Åsele Lappmark i Sverige som er datert til mellom 400-600 CE og forfatterne av følgende artikkel konkluderer med at samiske folk kan gravert disse runene: “Enligt Blinkenberg var tron på åskviggar känd också bland samerna. Det är inte omöjligt att den även har omfattat pilspetsar av det här slaget. Det är därför också möjligt att spetsarna varit i samisk ägo redan när runorna ristades…. Som jämförelse kan nämnas ett ringspänne med runliknande tecken som hittades i en samisk grav från omkring 1300 (Zachrisson, 1976).” (sitat slutt fra følgende kilde: <a href="http://fornvannen.se/pdf/1980talet/1988_234.pdf" target="_blank">Prosjektet for Samnordisk runtextdatabas: Runfynd 1987</a> av Thorgunn Snaedal, Marie Stoklund och Marit Ählén (2004).<br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308159915993312978" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ56Rd-hF8OUFgbnYKl-Q0nYpteTCxgwcu40tdy0UHwkBYAyWIAFIYHa4jxKLWAxiAd1g9YvDgpm-ESVMuKX2WqnkW5PPvnldFZLG2hIeW2RsGY9LhMfklM4G25zF7bbbkrvpV-wfHXj_t/s400/spearhead+from+%C3%85sele+lappmark+sweden+rev.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 116px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 277px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">See Fig. 11 (page / side 12). A spear point with Runic inscription found in Älgsjö , Åsele Lappland in Sweden. On the reverse side there is engraved a geometrical decoration and a wriggling snake. En spydspiss med runeinskripsjon funnet i Älgsjö , Åsele Lappland i Sverige. På baksiden er det gravert en geometrisk dekorasjon og en buktende slange. Bildet er lånt fra artikkelen: <a href="http://fornvannen.se/pdf/1980talet/1988_234.pdf" target="_blank">Prosjektet for Samnordisk runtextdatabas: "Runfynd 1987"</a> by Thorgunn Snaedal, Marie Stoklund and Marit Ählén (2004).</span><br />
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Even if most objects and monuments of the ancient Sami culture are lost, there is some evidence that support that the Sami used runic scripts since the Iron Age.<br />
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On a shale spear point found in Åsele Lappmark (Sweden) there are engraved runes that are dated to 400 – 600 CE and the authors of the following article concludes that they could have been engraved by Sami people. The source article is in Swedish language” <a href="http://fornvannen.se/pdf/1980talet/1988_234.pdf" target="_blank">Prosjektet for Samnordisk runtextdatabas: Runfynd 1987</a>” by Thorgunn Snaedal, Marie Stoklund and Marit Ählén (2004).<br />
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A Shortcut translation from the quoted article: Thorsviggar were known among the Sami and might have included such spear points. It is possible that the Sami engraved these runes…. Comparatively it can be mentioned that a ring clasp with runic scripts was found in a Sami grave from about 1300 CE.<br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311009175280089266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu8zJpuy2gQHw3zwV_xXSC0LDUg96crXwm02bSJ0JHxaKVHgde_fatWQxudHajy2ilGxLLtF9Zj-lkTpDY94QNwIYZR4Xu_T-QQnfm8so8NB6Ydv_OOQGBKME321EWbAoKjrHmI7NmwqKA/s400/100462.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 243px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">From Olaus Magnus 1555. The ancient Nordic Geats shot arrows to the sky when they heard thunder to help their Gods in the fight against other Gods. De gamle nordiske Gøtene skjøt med piler i luften når de hørte torden for å hjelpe sine guder i kampen mot andre guder. </span><br />
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Les mer her: <a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85skvigg" target="_blank">Åskviggar or Torsviggar</a> It was believed that the Thunder God had lost or thrown axes during a fight, when axes were found in nature they were called Torsviggar axes. According to Folk belief Torsviggar axes could protect against e.g. magic and illnesses.<br />
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<center><div xmlns:?cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#""><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi537iaysSNOxW3cNZdU6wBbC3F-VWBF8lmayqLWxPkTiC4t0Z27WBoEJIiOmPlzO4UN-RSigOvBOfIm8Y0KsZ9Q_UBXQJZRNda8jccEc1IpCxORg0zcVs8w9JiU12Va72T8x4EMKdLEURt/s1600/41601.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" ex="true" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi537iaysSNOxW3cNZdU6wBbC3F-VWBF8lmayqLWxPkTiC4t0Z27WBoEJIiOmPlzO4UN-RSigOvBOfIm8Y0KsZ9Q_UBXQJZRNda8jccEc1IpCxORg0zcVs8w9JiU12Va72T8x4EMKdLEURt/s400/41601.jpg" width="272" /></a><br />
<a href="http://www.historiska.se/data/?bild=41601" rel="cc:attributionURL">SHM</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/se/" rel="license" target="_blank" title="Creative Commons Erkännande 2.5 Sverige "><img border="0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/2.5/se/80x15.png" title="Creative Commons Erkännande 2.5 Sverige " /></a></div></center>Föremål 115585. Statens Historiska Museum: <a href="http://mis.historiska.se/mis/sok/fid.asp?fid=115585&g=1" target="_blank"">Torsviggar from Mölltorp, Mossebo</a>, Västergötland, Sverige/Sweden. Early medieval period. <br />
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My comment to the reasoning in this article is that the Sami likely and for several reasons knew about Torsviggar (Swedish Åskviggar): The main god of the Sami was Thor or Tiermes according to Johannes Scheffer and several other authors. The worship of Thor has been observed because the Sami kept the heathen traditions and beliefs for a long time. The Sami and the Goths believed that Thor could kill demons with lightening when hammering with the axe. The Sami additionally believed that Thor killed demons by using arrows and bow (his bow was the rainbow) (source Chapter X, Scheffer, 1674). An interesting digression: Manker translated ”demons” to ”trolls” in his 1956 edition of Scheffers Lapponica. These demons (or trolls) were according to Scheffer (1774) believed to be supernatural beings that could disturb hunting, gathering and fishing for the Sami.<br />
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Min kommentar på resonnementet i denne artikkelen er at Samene meget sannsynlig og av flere grunner var godt kjent med Torsviggar (sv. Torviggar, Åskviggar): Den høyeste guden til Samene var Thor eller Tiermes i følge Johannes Scheffer og flere andre gamle tekster, og tilbedelsen av Thor har vært direkte observert fordi samene beholdt den gamle hedenske troen svært lenge. Både Samene og Gøtene trodde at Thor kunne drepe demoner med tordengnister (lynet) når han hamret med øksen. Samene trodde at Thor også drepte demoner ved å bruke pil og bue (hans bue var regnbuen) (Kilde kapitel X, Scheffer, 1674). En interessant digresjon: I Mankers 1956 utgave av Scheffers Lapponica ble ”demoner” oversatt til ”troll”. Disse demonene (eller troll) var ifølge Scheffer (1774) sett på overnaturlige vesen som kunne forstyrre jakt, sanking og fiske for Samene.<br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311636078414302658" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEAp5rxH1lMJ54xBoWqtyS4RmMkM8xqOi0RveSoXdvDOf44lZN1ne9-2u09sBVucvBG8Tc5Gk1cULh44ryEl9aa6QILpMtgZ1kn3pVhw5wjW4MCtH8KzhLngSRHRgtAhEhcY1H4DdnnXap/s400/Thor+Icelandic+18th+century+manuscript.+public.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 317px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Thor with Mjølnir axe. Thor med Mjølnir axe. Illustration from Iceland, 1700eds. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">1800 eds: The Sami were detached from their history</span></span><br />
As with the Torsviggar axes it is possible that the flint spearheads found in the nature were attributed magical powers. <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/sverigesforntidf1and2mont" target="_blank">Oscar Montelius (1872)</a> writes: ”While the Stone axes have been perceived as “åskviggar” / thorsviggar, the flint arrows has partly been seen as the weapons that the Thunder God hit down with lighting”. In northern and central Sweden several stone axes and chisels are found that resembled and by some were named “flintviggar” [<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/antiqvarisktidsk03kung" target="_blank">Hildebrand (1870-73)</a>]. However in the 1800eds a tradition developed within Swedish and Nordic archaeology and history with separate interpretation-systems of the Sami and the non-Sami. Archaeological findings of stone axes in the areas traditionally settled by the Sami in the 1800eds were not defined as related to the God Thor, and the Sami were detached from the general Nordic history by the academic establishment. In the text by Hildebrand and Hildebrand it is commented that the flintviggar from the northern areas of Sweden do not seem to have been properly preserved. There are several examples of such findings mentioned in the book by <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/antiqvarisktidsk03kung" target="_blank">Hildebrand (1870-73)</a> on pages 182 – 184. It is important to remind that the Sami from the earliest times have settled the southern areas of Sweden as well as southern Norway and Finland, but this fact has been uncared for.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">1800-tallet: Samene ble avstengt fra sin historie</span></span><br />
Pilspissene av flint som ble funnet ute i naturen ble sannsynligvis antatt å ha magisk styrke slik som Thorsviggar (Torsviggar) økser. <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/sverigesforntidf1and2mont" target="_blank">Oscar Montelius (1872)</a> skriver: "Under det at stenyxorna blifvit betraktade som åskviggar, har man i flintpilarne dels sett åskgudens med blixten nedslungade vapen". Oversatt til norsk: … steinøksene er blitt sett på som åskviggar og flintpilene har man delvis sett på som de våpen tordenguden slo ned med lynet. I det nordlige og sentrale Sverige er det funnet flere steinøkser og meisler som av noen har blitt kalt for flintviggar [<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/antiqvarisktidsk03kung" target="_blank">Hildebrand (1870-73)</a>]. Innen svensk og generelt for Nordisk arkeologi og historie utviklet det seg en tradisjon i løpet av 1800-tallet med separate tokningssystemer for det samiske og det ikke-samiske. De oldsaks steinøksene som ble funnet i områder som samene bebodde på 1800-tallet ble ikke ansett for å være tilknyttet guden Tor, og Samene ble heller ikke tilknyttet den generelle nordiske historien. Det påpekes også i teksten til Hildebrand & Hildebrand at flintviggar funnet i det nordlige Sverige ikke ser ut til å ha blitt ivaretatt. Det er nevnt flere eksempler på slike funn i boken til <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/antiqvarisktidsk03kung" target="_blank">Hildebrand (1870-73)</a> på sidene 182 - 184. En viktig påminnelse er at Samene fra de tidligste tider også har bebodd det sørlige Sverige i likhet med det sørlige Norge og Finland, men dette har lenge vært et undervurdert faktum.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sami Runic Calendars - Samiske runekalendre </span></span><br />
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<center><a href="http://www.primusweb.se/BigImageContent.do?relativePath=NM/0003/49510.jpg&n=nm-watermark.gif" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5296880562124655218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsH9mzHcllUMddqOrLuQoC0xxlQ94KWRmZzUp8HPiYxQ06uabEf0mrEf6kBfBeqtB23jmlWS7k7_MKVSzr7TM9aiu08wJAOTUFXCyNJthtj2iau-xsR0-TiqmFsLm9jc-5k338ejZs2NI/s200/BigImageContent.dol.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"></span></center><span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo credits to: Nordiska museet, Stockholm <a href="http://www.primusweb.se/artifactView.do?type=Thing&idOwner=NM&idIdentifier=NM.0175011&pageNo=1&owner=&criteria=runkalender&objectType=&onlyWithPictures=" target="_blank">Lapsk runkalender i trä</a>. Fra Lappland, Sverige. Runic calendar made in tree, Lappland, Sweden. Photos used with permission. This is an example of a runic calendar used by the Sami. Dette er et eksempel på en runekalender som ble brukt av samene. </span><br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Carl Linnaeus </span>or Carl von Linné (1707 – 1778) travelled in Lapland (Sweden and Norway) for five months from 12th of May 1732. He described the “flora lapponica”, the fauna in Lapland and the life and culture of the Sami (Laplander) people. Linnaeus mentioned the presence of Finlanders in Northern Sweden, this fact makes it clear that he distinguished between the different cultures in Northern Scandinavia at that time. Like many old texts the observations made by Linnaeus supports that the cultures of the Sami people and the first Scandinavian Goths had fused. It is reasonable to suggest that this cultural and genetic merge particularly was evident in the Swedish areas because of the long lasting geographical closeness. One of the souvenirs Linnaeus brought back to Uppsala from this journey was a Sami Runic calendar that was attached to his belt when <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Carl_Linnaeus_dressed_as_a_Laplander.jpg" target="_blank">portrayed</a> after his doctoral dispute. You can read about his journey:<br />
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<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/lachesislapponic01linn" target="_blank">Lachesis Lapponica: A tour in Lapland, Linnaeus:Volume 1,(1811)</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/lachesislapponic02linn" target="_blank">Lachesis Lapponica: A tour in Lapland, Linnaeus:Volume 2,(1811)</a><br />
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Carl Linnaeus eller Carl von Linné (1707 – 1778) reiste i Lappland (Sverige og Norge) i en periode på fem måneder fra 12 Mai 1732. Han beskrev “flora lapponica”, faunaen i Lappland, samt livet og kulturen til samene (dvs. laplander). Linneaus nevnte også tilstedeværelsen av Finlenderne i Nord Sverige, et faktum som understreker at han skilte mellom de ulike kulturene i Nord-Skandinavia på den tiden. I likhet med mange gamle tekster så støtter observasjoner gjort av Linnaeus at kulturen til Samene og de første Skandinaviske Gøtene hadde fusjonert. Det er fornuftig å anta at denne kulturelle og genetiske sammensmeltingen var spesielt påviselig i Sverige, på grunn av den geografiske nærheten. En av suvenirene Linnaeus brakte med seg tilbake til Uppsala etter sin reise var en Samisk runekalender som var festet til beltet når han ble <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Carl_Linnaeus_dressed_as_a_Laplander.jpg" target="_blank">portrettert</a> etter sin doktor disputas. Du kan lese om reisen i lenken over (engelsk tekst) eller i følgende svenske bok.<br />
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<a href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3038/" target="_blank">Ungdomsskriftene til Carl von Linné 1732</a><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312903718419390322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVd7ujdm9FE2sjopFt227fMUvnbgHpoH6Bu4tBwZ04MNVtuEWgvl3qkvb4NNDPPr3aDmpmQkLwVVYLIwgjrURQJ18RVhGmTRK2I-gULYVGWxlVVW6mfBjylSBIpPEM-bxlLR20c-_4rEO8/s400/silver+ornament+sweden+1905+goth.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 150px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 125px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Iron Age silver ornament of a Goth woman found in Sweden. A Valkyrie. Sølvornament fra Jernalderen av en Gøte kvinne funnet i Sverige. </span><br />
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Carl Linnaeus gives the following description of a traditional Sami calendar from heathen time. Carl Linnaeus gir her en beskrivelse av en tradisjonell samisk kalender fra hedensk tid.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO69hOjUKaflORfdVlNtAo9pMtqQ0KQBlev1I1xKzAdZxvrlmbze5BVduDzNP_3g0DKeImHhZWcKqGykTAJ_MAJlz6K9X68mvuQ2mx6IGdv-7Gb8tZzIc3cMNYCOgh2aHKNZ4aKlPuu_tk/s1600-h/sami+-+goths+runic+calendar.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311021879757462514" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO69hOjUKaflORfdVlNtAo9pMtqQ0KQBlev1I1xKzAdZxvrlmbze5BVduDzNP_3g0DKeImHhZWcKqGykTAJ_MAJlz6K9X68mvuQ2mx6IGdv-7Gb8tZzIc3cMNYCOgh2aHKNZ4aKlPuu_tk/s400/sami+-+goths+runic+calendar.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 366px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 78%;">From Carl von Linné & James Edward Smith: Lachesis lapponica, 1811. Oversettelse: Det er verd å merke seg at Samene ikke bruker almanakk, men istedenfor en type instrument som er lik runekalenderen til Gøtene, sammensatt av syv små plater eller skiver. Som allerede nevnt på side 62 så har de navn på merkedager, men beregner ikke tiden med utgangspunkt i ulike måneder, men med utgangspunkt i forskjellige helligdager. De har altså navn for hver uke. De kan ikke beregne når eklipsen av solen eller månen er forventet. Året begynner slik de ser det, på fredagen før juledagen.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">A Sami Runic Calendar - En Samisk Runekalender</span></span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311539669871890082" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTEHsl00Zz7uJxtlcEr-Csa1nMQsTL5lgduhvUxNwiQOF8_Ae3viLwcL2hDQgE-Pkn-QnQnNHHFiNAfYyIUi03ZD15Snn-BcAPJGJgBJpuKOHs4FunbXS700nGkvdA3nC3r5vU7kK-dX6h/s400/A+runic+calendar+from+Lapland+found+1866.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 350px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> Noen plater av Samisk runekalender (sv. runkalender) studert i 1866 av Eirikr Magnusson (1877). Begynnelsen av kalenderåret er merket med 23 D (Desember). Du kan også se andre samiske runekalendre i denne bloggen. Some plates of a rune calendar from Lapland studied in 1866 by Eirikr Magnusson (1877). The start of the calendar year is marked with 23 D (December). You can see other Sami runic calendars in the side panel of this blog.<br />
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Eiríkr Magnússon (born 1833) was an Icelandic linguist and a lecturer at Cambridge University. He wrote the following book: <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/onaruniccalenda00magngoog" target="_blank">On a Runic Calendar Found in Lapland in 1866 Communicated to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society </a><br />
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This portable calendar is partly made after ancient heathen and partly Christian traditions. It contains of 6 plates with runic letters and emblems engraved on reindeer horn and it is described as a copy of a much older calendar. Magnusson wrote that it was secured from a Lapland native that carried it with him. Eirikr Magnusson compares the calendar to both Nordic heathen texts such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingab%C3%B3k" target="_blank">Íslendingabók</a> (The Book of Icelanders) and newer Christian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic_calendar" target="_blank">Runic Calendars</a>, holy days and feasts. This calendar was probably made after an original from a period when the heathen traditions still were followed. The year starts at 23rd of December, each month have 30 days and a year had additional 4 days, totally 364 days. The old Nordic calendars were fixed and feast days were immovable. The 31st of December were not counted for. This kind of calendar computation was used until the 10th century in Norway. Magnusson mentions that the later Christian calendars were inspired by the old heathen calendar traditions, but computation of the newer calendar was different, the year had 365 days and feast days were movable.<br />
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Eiríkr Magnússon (født 1833) var en Islandsk linguist og foreleser ved Cambridge. Han skrev en bok om en samisk runekalender på engelsk: <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/onaruniccalenda00magngoog" target="_blank">On a Runic Calendar Found in Lapland in 1866 Communicated to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society</a>.<br />
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Denne transportable kalenderen er delvis laget etter gamle hedenske og delvis etter kristne tradisjoner. Runetegn og symboler er innrisset på 6 plater av reinsdyrhorn og denne kalenderen er beskrevet som en kopi av en mye eldre kalender. Magnussen skriver at den var tatt i bevaring fra en innfødt i Lappland som bar den med seg. Eirikr Magnusson sammenlikner kalenderen med både nordiske hedenske tekster slik som <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingab%C3%B3k" target="_blank">Íslendingabók</a> og nyere kristne <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic_calendar" target="_blank">Runekalendre</a> (engelsk nettside), helligdager og festdager. Denne kalenderen var sannsynligvis laget etter en original fra en tid da hedenske tradisjoner fremdeles ble praktisert. Året starter den 23. desember og hver måned har 30 dager samt 4 dager i tillegg, året hadde totalt 364 dager. De gamle nordiske kalenderne var konstante og festdagene var ubevegelige. Den 31. desember var ikke tatt med i beregningen. Denne type kalenderberegning ble brukt til det 10. århundret i Norge. Magnusson nevner at de nyere kristne kalendrene var inspirert av de gamle hedenske kalendertradisjoner, men beregningen av den nye typen kalender var ulik, året hadde 365 dager og festdagene var bevegelige.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtokqrIoHavKga53_fBHlSeMua0y6Dri-9eSX_y7G_PEbjYV9EzUWkGjgGzDU3-4KfwjZRBAsOatv5l-f4kuM9yy7d-p3ESZeuKvxD69-l6BOrouGZTCkLStP-Dgg6hOqnyC5MyfEo-hI-/s1600-h/plate1+blacksm.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5310849161387770482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtokqrIoHavKga53_fBHlSeMua0y6Dri-9eSX_y7G_PEbjYV9EzUWkGjgGzDU3-4KfwjZRBAsOatv5l-f4kuM9yy7d-p3ESZeuKvxD69-l6BOrouGZTCkLStP-Dgg6hOqnyC5MyfEo-hI-/s400/plate1+blacksm.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 213px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a>2nd of February was in heathen tradition a feast and worship for Freyr the God of fire and light, the Swedes called it Freyrblot and it was a great affair. Magnusson interpret the emblem on this particular calendar to the old Christian customs of illuminating churches on that day (Candlemass).<br />
2. Februar: I hedensk tradisjon en fest og tilbedelse av guden Freyr som var gud over flammer og lys, svenskene kalte det Freyrblot og det var en stor fest. Magnusson tolker symbolet som gren kandelaber på denne bestemte kalenderen i tråd med gamle kristen praksis hvor man på denne dagen tente lys i kirken (lysmesse).<br />
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22nd February shows a cross that usually signifies St. Sigfrid on runic calendars. St. Sigfrid was an early missionary bishop of Sweden that died about 1030.<br />
22. Februar: Et kors symboliserer Sankt Sigfrid vanligvis, også på denne kalenderen. Sankt Sigfrid var en tidlig misjonerende svensk biskop som døde omtrent i 1030.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8JF4UHNq7NTOYANfmrqvKuLer2VqBmW03qItmwyShqSFENcx6Kq2sQxjP77Ih5yRpMIOY1OHkYdt958iRXZ7sUORtCj7Xb_eecV_6zO2QjiyN-oLiQqC-CTps55K0K2waNym5CFlV7sPj/s1600-h/plate2+blacksm.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5310849489239547282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8JF4UHNq7NTOYANfmrqvKuLer2VqBmW03qItmwyShqSFENcx6Kq2sQxjP77Ih5yRpMIOY1OHkYdt958iRXZ7sUORtCj7Xb_eecV_6zO2QjiyN-oLiQqC-CTps55K0K2waNym5CFlV7sPj/s400/plate2+blacksm.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 215px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a>14th of April has an emblem of a budding tree symbolising Tiburtius’ day, common on runic calendars in Scandinavia. 14th of april first day of summer – sun festival.<br />
14. April viser et emblem av et knoppskytende tre som symboliserer Tiburtius dag som var vanlig på runekalendere i Skandinavia. 14 april er den første sommerdag – solfestival.<br />
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1st of May the emblem for a sprouting beech-tree a symbol that is typical for St. Phillip and St. James day. It seems to me that these two both were Lutheran Saints.<br />
1. Mai har symbolet for et spirende bøk tre som er typisk for Sankt Phillip og Sankt James dag. Etter hva jeg forstår så var disse helgenene to lutheranske apostler.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ8dh7tJud2iOla-4aalstIQH_AFyzGElMXCYnsRMchfSi6AtNZJQrC2CJ5qx1KFAsv6xpb3wPOZA8ejVY9iDYnzz7H4ASNCnQOii27gWJDj6xO9_9YOLMd7EJfzCcB6Zj1kJ-2xd35RSW/s1600-h/plate3+blacksm.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5310849724787694594" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ8dh7tJud2iOla-4aalstIQH_AFyzGElMXCYnsRMchfSi6AtNZJQrC2CJ5qx1KFAsv6xpb3wPOZA8ejVY9iDYnzz7H4ASNCnQOii27gWJDj6xO9_9YOLMd7EJfzCcB6Zj1kJ-2xd35RSW/s400/plate3+blacksm.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 214px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a>21st of June were the summer solstice called Midsumarsblot a tradition that is still is celebrated in the Nordic countries and is most religiously celebrated in Finland. This feast is not marked in this particular calendar.<br />
21. Juni var sommersolverv og kaltes Midsumarsblot, en tradisjon som fremdeles observeres i de nordiske land og mest religiøst feires den i Finland. Denne festen er ikke merket på denne spesielle kalenderen.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwVt9kUUTF-DRGZbLX1knZ6icR3ZePl18AkW2SqMW2Bg1SHBAqjOO84CFCa0t1oN3OIGmTi0CWb2t7fFGFka5EK-o5pEoblZZ26uHqxR34fb-4boULUqLm99X1_tDsXtxA0nydybjKyLAX/s1600-h/plate4+blacksm.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5310850016554116834" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwVt9kUUTF-DRGZbLX1knZ6icR3ZePl18AkW2SqMW2Bg1SHBAqjOO84CFCa0t1oN3OIGmTi0CWb2t7fFGFka5EK-o5pEoblZZ26uHqxR34fb-4boULUqLm99X1_tDsXtxA0nydybjKyLAX/s400/plate4+blacksm.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 215px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a>29th of July and 3rd of August are two feasts of St. Olaf of Norway (Olaf Haraldson died 1030 at Stiklestad) and these days are on this particular calendar marked as usual with a battle-axe.<br />
29. Juli og 3. August er to fester for sankt Olaf av Norge (Olaf Haraldson døde i 1030 på Stiklestad) og disse dagene er på denne kalenderen merket på vanlig måte med en stridsøks.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZo9l-nDlIRIS84-b7wNvi7tNsQzQC6uN7pnl7SeEh7NBvOGRbp08UveFzGiBNvhTXg_NFYrsIV08_utpUXxAKhOneqgcvgnZnvz69lEO9HBXjzhS2B2ZOUESvz1R5dr2tHgwKVprUIIpa/s1600-h/plate5+blacksm.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5310850354836516690" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZo9l-nDlIRIS84-b7wNvi7tNsQzQC6uN7pnl7SeEh7NBvOGRbp08UveFzGiBNvhTXg_NFYrsIV08_utpUXxAKhOneqgcvgnZnvz69lEO9HBXjzhS2B2ZOUESvz1R5dr2tHgwKVprUIIpa/s400/plate5+blacksm.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 213px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a>23rd of October was in heathen times a day called Winter-night sacrifice where particularly Freyr as the god of fertility and fruitfulness was celebrated for many days. Usually they sacrificed a boar. This day was not marked in this particular calendar.<br />
23. Oktober var i hedensk tid kalt dagen for vinternatts-ofring når spesielt guden Freyr ble tilbedt i mange dager for produktivitet og fruktbarhet. Vanligvis ble det da ofret en råne / svin. Denne dagen var ikke merket av på denne spesielle kalenderen.<br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5347699183245713922" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKCM5QsTpDoqJIJ2mvUvFWUwiYj2aOQvx19VJj1y7NLbxCmEfiQHD4bTaX0ADGrnIGHPRLsWypLtsJMQ3mK8ltD5T2gF0CvbBKJs_mNT6nn4wGseZG3iUWH6czGs_dpkUP05AQOkwA33M/s400/old+runebomme+sami+by+friis+1871+-+offersvin.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 393px;" /> On a Sami shaman drum described by Friis (1871, page 33) there is a boar or pig for offering (number 38). På en runebomme som er beskrevet av Friis (1871, side 33) er det avbildet et offersvin som nummer 38: <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/lappiskmytholog02friigoog" target="_blank">Lappisk mythologi, eventyr og folkesagn</a>.<br />
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23rd of November: St Clements’s day is the day of winter-sacrifice when the Vikings brought their ships to harbour and on this calendar this day is marked with an anchor signifying ships in harbour.<br />
23. November: Sankt Klements dag er dagen for vinteroffring når vikingene la skipene i havn og på denne kalenderen er denne dagen markert med et anker som symboliserer at skipene er i havn.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9zorN8MZtGkd0dIr55BGlqLPCpIrKB2Cu9QQFi7TpYs9uHKrIydd20hgDlb13jflLxkO0v3WVmdu18V9l2hoP8YBedm-2mpGSu08BJsnjOAVUibXljhGI8hJO9icBa4fBSabHx1Eq2b5Q/s1600-h/plate6+blacksm.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5310850550394988690" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9zorN8MZtGkd0dIr55BGlqLPCpIrKB2Cu9QQFi7TpYs9uHKrIydd20hgDlb13jflLxkO0v3WVmdu18V9l2hoP8YBedm-2mpGSu08BJsnjOAVUibXljhGI8hJO9icBa4fBSabHx1Eq2b5Q/s400/plate6+blacksm.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 151px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a>21st of December is marked on the calendar with a wheel that indicates the sun turning with a solstice point. This day have been marked like this even on the earliest runic staves of Sweden.<br />
21. Desember er markert på denne kalenderen med et hjul som på innsiden har et solvervsmerke som indikerer at solen snur. Denne dagen er markert på en liknende måte fra de første runestavene i Sverige.<br />
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The Roman alphabet came into use in Scandinavia with the new people that came with Christianity, earliest from 1000 - 1200 CE, however Runic calendars were in some places of the north used for about 600 more years. Catholic Saints have no place in this calendar nor have the Paschal cycle of moveable feasts. The heathen traditions were still practiced by at least some considerable number of the community when the original of this calendar was used. Magnusson suggests a date between 1230 – 1391 CE for the prototype of this particular calendar.<br />
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Det romerske alfabetet ble tatt i bruk i Skandinavia med nye folk og innføringen av kristendommen, tidligst fra 1000 - 1200 CE, men runekalendere ble i noen nordlige områder fortsatt brukt i 600 år etter dette. Katolske helgener har ingen plass i denne kalenderen, det har heller ikke Paschal syklusen av bevegelige festdager. De hedenske tradisjoner var fremdeles praktisert av en stor del av befolkingen når originalen av denne type kalender ble brukt. Magnusson foreslo at dateringen er mellom 1230 – 1391 CE på prototypen til denne spesielle kalenderen.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">An ancient Mysterious Runic stone - En eldgammel mystisk runestein</span></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj9P3aua0uv7FH0kH5hIrHKqDbEbFxmarx1HOzLr9-qN_By5iuQgKXVsnFMWoGMny9wADKpSIZaIfnM6J0e_3IEwpRG1L3NjdLUhTjfcdwK80b4cfQP-xfokQuUyj-DvDrObnX1I54mMQU/s1600-h/ADALBERT+BEAUMONT+1840+Laplander%27s+Hut+on+the+Kongarno+Elf+Midnight+-+Pama.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294387596981324386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj9P3aua0uv7FH0kH5hIrHKqDbEbFxmarx1HOzLr9-qN_By5iuQgKXVsnFMWoGMny9wADKpSIZaIfnM6J0e_3IEwpRG1L3NjdLUhTjfcdwK80b4cfQP-xfokQuUyj-DvDrObnX1I54mMQU/s400/ADALBERT+BEAUMONT+1840+Laplander%27s+Hut+on+the+Kongarno+Elf+Midnight+-+Pama.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 282px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">Samisk leir. Saami camp. Lithograph by A. Beaumont (1840). The picture is used with permission: Credits to <a href="http://www.antiquemaps.no/" target="_blank">Kunstantikvariat Pama AS</a>. </span><br />
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Not far from Pajala in Sweden near a lake called Käymäjärvi there were found runic inscriptions on a stone: <a href="http://lapinkavijat.rovaniemi.fi/maupertuis/kaymajarvi_eng.html" target="_blank">The hidden knowledge of Lake Käymäjärvi</a>. Likely these runes are drawn in the small picture in the linked page. The runic stone was first reported in 1689, and later there was written a dissertation about it by Eric Brunnius in 1731. Brunnius concluded that the stone has a runic inscription. A Triple Crown engraving was at that time degraded by erosion. This runic inscription have been treated and evaluated in non-scientific manner. Later observers during the late 1700eds doubted that this was a runic inscription. It was in these reports told that the inscription had repeating characters and it was considered exotic.<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4ym%C3%A4j%C3%A4rvi_Inscriptions" target="_blank">Read more here</a> and here - <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%20http://lapinkavijat.rovaniemi.fi/maupertuis/tlvk_eng.html#lapps" target="_blank">The runes</a>. There exists more runic inscriptions from Sweden that are not decoded, see comment under references.<br />
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Ikke langt fra Pajala i Sverige nær en innsjø kalt Käymäjärvi er det funnet runeinnskripsjoner på en stein: <a href="http://lapinkavijat.rovaniemi.fi/maupertuis/kaymajarvi_eng.html" target="_blank">The hidden knowledge of Lake Käymäjärvi</a> (kun engelsk tekst). Det er sannsynligvis disse runene som er tegnet av på det lille bildet på denne nettsiden. Denne runesteinen ble først rapportert i 1689, og senere ble det skrevet en avhandling om den av Eric Brunnius i 1731. Han konkluderte at steinen har en runeinskripsjon. En gravering av en trippel krone var på den tiden degradert av erosjon. Denne runeinskripsjonen ser ut til å ha blitt behandlet og vurdert uvitenskapelig. Senere observatører i løpet av 1700 tallet tvilte på at det var en runeinskripsjon. Det var i disse rapportene fortalt at inskripsjonen hadde gjentatte tegn og den ble beskrevet som eksotisk: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4ym%C3%A4j%C3%A4rvi_Inscriptions" target="_blank">Les mer her</a> (engelsk tekst) og her - <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%20http://lapinkavijat.rovaniemi.fi/maupertuis/tlvk_eng.html#lapps" target="_blank">The runes</a>.</span><br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312898361428871250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivU463UKpr_-5Muh00NH5WzTEt77s0Ju_CG04zx7FOnQz011WpJxxlDIgBcj_1qo0X58ccmWXCPUHZNUFvHAuB_SgJ9G9xNXFOEz3s_Sty7ImL_f2mFIo6KTt_JPkjaAUugt26PSt3yT5n/s400/kaymajarvi+runes+inv.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 199px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Illustration of the eroded runes of Käymäjärvi. Illustrasjon av de eroderte runene fra Käymäjärvi. Credits to <a href="http://lapinkavijat.rovaniemi.fi/maupertuis/kaymajarvi_eng.html" target="_blank">Lapinkavijat</a> and The Tornionlaakso year book (1977).</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">Det er funnet flere runeinskripsjoner i Sverige som ikke er tolket, se kommentar under referanser. There are several runic scripts in Sweden that are not decoded, see comment under references.<br />
<img border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312905567571101970" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVyXvZ6eGuD1DvPw5BQ2_8So8ZFs0setuOtRFrP0Jx5K5xG6nPj9fbPmavQztpPXaC0-wjSPrIrQp9jgqwx6DZoUHAbektwGqOUCEZ6QiQC6GiPfM-hc0XNsN7lZfJOjT5wo9CreTF25wf/s400/arctic+lappland+man1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 219px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 207px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Sami man from northern Sweden in the 1800eds. Samisk mann fra Nord Sverige på 1800-tallet.</span>More about the Käymäjärvi runes referring to Maupertuis Journey to Lapland in 1737: Maurpertuis was a scientist who was asked by the Laplanders to take a look at an ancient stone with inscriptions that they believed was a message from their ancestors and that they could not interpret. Credits for the following quoted text to Gerald Massey: <a href="http://gerald-massey.org.uk/miller/c_betsey_06.htm" target="_blank">Rambles of a Geologist</a>:<br />
“He found it on the side of a mountain, buried in snow; and ascertained, after kindling a great fire around it, in order to lay it bare, that it was a stone of irregular form, composed of various layers of unequal hardness, and that the characters, which were rather more than an inch in length, were written on "a layer of a species of flint," chiefly in two lines, with a few scattered signs beneath, while the rest of the mass was composed of a rock more soft and foliated. Graphic granite, it may be mentioned, generally occurs, not in masses, but in veins and layers. The inscription had been described in a previously published dissertation of immense erudition, as Runic; but a Runic scholar of the party found be could make nothing of it. The philosopher himself was struck by the frequent repetition of characters of nearly the same form on the stone; but he was ingenious enough to get over the difficulty, by remembering that in our notation, after the Arabic manner, characters shaped exactly alike may be very frequently repeated,—nay, as in some of the lines of the Lapland inscription, may succeed each other, as in the sums I. II. III. IIII. or X. XX. XXX.,—and yet very distinct and definite ideas attach to them all. Still, however, he could not, he says, venture on authoritatively deciding whether the inscription was a work of man or a sport of nature.“ (end of quote).<br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312985889386541506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjetBqO6uZCPBrMNXFrBoVJqPRu7NfDJJTWZcrJrFEilIYYMdhtaCr_zcQV2vpfcRWY-p4UQ7T45XCA_s7eW1S8mMkp3Cb0-domjShuclmk6sXglW0f9KhtJl7-bQK1cNW4wFPJW4RIG4k/s320/Finland+Sami+man+1880+wood+stick+after+nature.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 320px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 232px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Sami man before 1880, wood engraving after nature. Samisk mann før 1880, tresnitt etter naturen.</span><br />
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Mer om Käymäjärvi runene med referanse til Maupertuis reiser i Lapland, 1737:<br />
Maupertuis var en vitenskapsmann som av samene ble spurt om å se på en eldgammel stein med inskripsjoner som de trodde var en beskjed fra deres forfedre og som de ikke klarte å tolke: En engelsk nettside forteller mer og dette er min oversettelse fra <a href="http://gerald-massey.org.uk/miller/c_betsey_06.htm" target="_blank">Rambles of a Geologist</a>:<br />
-” Han fant den i en fjellside, nedgravd i snø og den viste seg etter at det var laget et bål ved den slik at snøen smeltet, den hadde irregulær form, og besto av ulike lag med forskjellig hardhetsgrad, og tegnene, som var litt mer enn 2,5 cm lange, var skrevet på et lag av en type flint, hovedsakelig i to linjer, med noen få spredte tegn imellom, mens resten av massen besto av en bergart som var mykere og i skiver. Grafisk granitt, det kan nevnes at den generelt forekommer, ikke i masser men i årer og lag. Inskripsjonen hadde vært beskrevet som en runeinskripsjon i en tidligere doktorgrad, men en runekyndig hadde ikke kunne tolke den. Filosofen selv var opptatt av de ofte gjentatte tegnene på steinen som hadde samme form; men han var ressurssterk nok til å overkomme vanskene med tolkningen, ved å huske at fra vår kjennskap, og i arabisk stil, så er tegnene formet eksakt likt og kan ofte være gjentatt, - konstant, slik som noen av linjene i Lappland inskripsjonen, kunne de følge etter hverandre, og i summer som I. II. III. IIII. Eller X. XX. XXX. - og likevel var det helt klart distinkte og definerte ideer tilknyttet dem. Likevel kunne han imidlertid ikke, sier han, helt autoritært avgjøre om inskripsjonen var et verk av naturen”<br />
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><strong>Worship of Snakes – Tilbedelse av slanger</strong></span><br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312625232113483842" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEC30lJyCdm-2_6XyX3Ui6CCc-_-EE9WYChHjVke1hXzi6L4INKsp8Qr8x3_UMDUKkXo1VI4fZS98VOQa6aCU33Pnnt7SueJUOZ0LKkeJo0XdEKqRVrd_hJKmCl7lgamOiJIujYdHrjGKW/s400/Segment+of+Rheens+runebomme+inv.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> Slange bilde nederst på samisk runebomme først beskrevet av Rheen i 1671. Serpent picture at the bottom of a Sami shaman drum first described by Rheen in 1671. As with many of the old Sami Runebomme Drums this drum has a symbol of a squirrel, likely these are equivalent to the squirrel called <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AM_738_4to_Ratatoskr.png" target="_blank">Ratatoskr</a> in the ancient Nordic Saga literature. Som på denne Runebommen kan man som på de fleste gamle trommer se et symbol for ekorn, disse var sannsynligvis ekvivalent med ekornet kalt <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AM_738_4to_Ratatoskr.png" target="_blank">Ratatoskr</a> i den gamle nordiske sagalitteraturen.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 100%;">It is well known that snake worship was an important part of religion of the Goths prior to and during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking" target="_blank">The Viking Age</a> (793 - 1066 CE). This is known for instance from archaeological findings of ornaments with snakes in grave mounds and from pictorial stones.<span style="color: #ffcccc;"> </span><span style="color: #9999ff;">It is not as well known that the Saami worshiped snakes and trees</span>, and that they kept this religious tradition alive at least until the early 1800eds.<br />
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Det er velkjent at tilbedelse av slanger og trær var viktig del av religionen til Götene. Dette vet man blant annet fra arkeologiske funn av ornamenter med slager i gravhauger og på bildesteiner datert til før og under <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikingtida" target="_blank">Vikingtiden</a> (793 -1066 CE). <span style="color: #9999ff;">Det er ikke like velkjent at samene tilba slanger og trær</span>, og at de holdt denne religiøse tradisjonen levende helt til begynnelsen av 1800-tallet eller lenger.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"></span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311637504072258002" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAWmBvh_NJ4CC44eiyi3KoxWe5Qh5_ltUIgogWksNEGbNot4qxmvtSNinPT25K7MEvwsN-N-82U-SBerUqiaInH8vipr7UG1V2wFZ5Dav-RvB_zxZ31mYcb1c8Cy85B5sgepvAQsLJyPXU/s400/J%C3%B6rmungandr+%28the+Midgard+Serpent%29+gets+fished+by+an+ox+head+pubklic.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 122px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">The Midgard Serpent with a deer head as bait. There is likely a connection between the Midgards Serpent and the Sami Troll-fish serpent. Midgardsormen og et dyrehode som agn. Det er sannsynligvis en forbindelse mellom Midgardsormen samenes mytologiske Trollfisk. Ancient Illustration from Iceland. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">References - Referanser:</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 78%;">Hans Lindkjølen (1995): Nordkalotten. Oppdagelser - Ressurser - Misjon. Nordisk saga på 1700-tallet.<br />
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<a href="http://runeberg.org/display.pl?mode=facsimile&work=nfca&page=0288" target="_blank">Johan Peringskiöld</a> Then första boken af Swea och Götha minnings-merken vthi Uplandz första del Thiundaland (sv)((Monumentorum sveo-gotliicorum liber primus etc., lat.), 1710.</span><span style="font-size: 78%;">Nils Lithberg och Elias Wessén (1939): Den gotländska runkalendern 1328. </span><span style="font-size: 78%;"><a href="http://www.arild-hauge.com/computus_runicus.htm" target="_blank">The Runic Calender From Gotland From 1328</a> described by Ole Worm.<br />
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<a href="http://www.arild-hauge.com/runekalender.htm" target="_blank">En nettside om runekalendre</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/onaruniccalenda00magngoog" target="_blank">On a Runic Calendar Found in Lapland in 1866</a> Communicated to the Cambridge ... (1877) by Eiríkr Magnússon.<br />
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<a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-vii.html" target="_blank">Text about Sami Religion from Lapponia by Scheffer, 1774</a><br />
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Carl von Linné and Sir James Edward Smith. “Lachesis lapponica; A tour in Lapland, now first published from the original manuscript journal of ... Linnaeus” Volume 1 and Volume 2, London, 1811. URL's in the text.<br />
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<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/sverigesforntidf1and2mont" target="_blank">Sveriges forntid Volume 1 – 2, Montelius, Oscar (1872)</a>. “Under det at stenyxorna blifvit betraktade som åskviggar, har man i flintspilarne dels sett åskgudens med blixten nedslungade vapen...”<br />
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<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/antiqvarisktidsk03kung" target="_blank">Antiqvarisk tidskrift för Sverige 1870- 1873</a>, Kungl. Vitterhets, historie och antikvitets akademien; Bror Emil & Hans Hildebrand.<br />
I denne boken som er på svensk kan man fra side 182 lese mer om funn av for eksempel åskviggar for eksempel i dagens samiske områder. In this book (Swedish language) from page 182, you can read about archaeological findings such as "åskviggar" in present Sami areas.<br />
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<a href="http://fornvannen.se/pdf/1980talet/1988_234.pdf" target="_blank">Prosjektet for Samnordisk runtextdatabas: "Runfynd 1987</a>, by Thorgunn Snaedal, Marie Stoklund and Marit Ählén (2004)<br />
Det finnes flere runeinskripsjoner i Sverige som ikke er tolket: Et eksempel fra den nettopp nevte artikkelen er ”Jämtland, Frostvikens socken, "Renhornsudden” på side 10 – 12 og fig. 10 side 12. Dette er sannsynligvis et eksempel på de eldste runene etter de første Skandinaviske Götene. There are several runic scripts in Sweden that are not decoded: An example from the article above is the one from ”Jämtland, Frostvikens socken, "Renhornsudden” at page 10 - 12 and fig. 10 page 12. This is likely an example of the most ancient scripts of the first Scandinavian Goths.<br />
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<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/omlifvetisverige00mont" target="_blank">Om lifvet i Sverige under hednatiden</a> av Oscar Montelius, (1905), 3. Upplag.<br />
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<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/civilisationswe00unkngoog" target="_blank">The civilisation of Sweden in heathen times (1888)</a> Oscar Montelius, & Francis Henry Woods, 1937<br />
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<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/antiquitssud02montuoft" target="_blank">Antiquités suédoises, dessinées par C.F. Lindberg, Volume 2, (1873)</a> by Oscar Montelius<br />
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<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/antiquitssud01montuoft" target="_blank">Antiquités suédoises, dessinées, volume 1 par C.F. Lindberg (1873)</a> by Oscar Montelius<br />
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<a href="http://runeberg.org/display.pl?mode=facsimile&work=lapptrumm&page=0001" target="_blank">Lapptrummor och Runmagi</a> av Sigurd Agrell (1934)<br />
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<a href="http://runeberg.org/finmar1867/" target="_blank">En Sommer i Finmarken, Russisk Lapland og Nordkarelen</a> by Jens Andreas Friis, 1871<br />
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<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/olausmagnusochh00ahlegoog" target="_blank">Olaus Magnus och hans framställning af Nordens geografi; studier i geografiens historia</a> av Karl Jakob Mauritz Ahlenius (1895)<br />
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<a href="http://www.samikopiija.org/govat/doc/art_aas.pdf" target="_blank">Samisk Mytologi og Folkemedisin</a> Sami Mythology and Folk Medicine. Noaidevuohta Ja Álbmotmedisiidna<br />
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Ingalill & John Granlund (1973): Lapska ben- och träkalendrar.<br />
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<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=htUciQ68Ro4C&pg=PA309&lpg=PA309&dq=tacitus+goths+scandinavia&source=bl&ots=sGGx9qAdlH&sig=QdXKTswbNumHHTrNphCJlKzUAlU&hl=en&ei=PD-7SZWECM-J_gbA9fH0Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result" target="_blank">Germania by Cornelius Tacitus</a> by J. B. Rives (1999).<br />
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“IV (25) Now from this island of Scandza, as from a hive of races or a womb of nations, the Goths are said to have come forth long ago under their king, Berig by name. As soon as they disembarked from their ships and set foot on the land, they straightway gave their name to the place. And even to-day it is said to be called Gothiscandza.” (end of quote from the text).<br />
<a href="http://www.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html" target="_blank">Jordanes. The Origin and deeds of the Goths</a> translated by Charles C. Mierow.<br />
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"Tree and Serpent Worship Or Illustrations of Mythology and Arts in India" by James Fergusson, London (1873). There is an URL to the book in the text of this blog.<br />
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<a href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/medieval.www/sagaconf/mar.htm" target="_blank">The Origin of Icelandic Script: Some Remarks</a> by Guðvarður Már Gunnlaugsson<br />
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<a href="http://www.ksbm.oeaw.ac.at/cipl2005/vienne05_12.pdf" target="_blank">The origin and the development of Icelandic script</a> by Guðvarður Már Gunnlaugsson<br />
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<a href="http://cg.scs.carleton.ca/~luc/JJMarcos-2008-FontsForLATIN_PALEOGRAPHY.pdf" target="_blank">Fonts for Latin Paleography</a> by Juan-José Marcos, 2008<br />
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“The Goths in England: A Study in Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Thought” by Samuel Kliger, Harvard University Press, 1952.<br />
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<a href="http://www.ub.uit.no/munin/bitstream/10037/95/1/thesis.pdf" target="_blank">Sørsamiske kystområder<br />
Tolking av fortidig samisk tilstedeværelse i Ytre Namdal</a><br />
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Roughly:<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Futhark" target="_blank">Old Futhark</a> Runes from the 2nd to "the 8th century" (?) was used by the people in the Nordic before Christianisation. 8th century is too early for a major change from the old to the Younger Futhark - mainly the Young Futhark Rune inscriptions appeared from 1100 to 1200. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_Europe" target="_blank">Christianity in Europe</a> was a gradual process that started in Armenia about 300 CE and spread fast to Roma in 380 CE. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianization_of_Scandinavia" target="_blank">Christianisation of Scandinavia</a> was nominally completed at end of the High Medieval 1299 CE. The well-known Viking Era ended with the arrival of the Christians. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Futhark" target="_blank">Younger Futhark Runes</a> were initiated by the Christians and with them the Christian ornaments and symbols. In the ancient Viking grave mounds from the 800eds CE there are no Christian Crosses or religious symbols. The Young Futhark runes that developed into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_runes" target="_blank">Medieval runes</a>, resemble the ones in the Runic calendar in this blog. The old Language definitively changed with the migrating Christian people. The old language is frequently named "Old Norse" or "Norrøn", however I cannot find the primary source for the use of these concepts. The Sami people preserved the old culture, including the Runes and were not converted to Christianity before the 1700-1800eds. From <a href="http://www.ksbm.oeaw.ac.at/cipl2005/vienne05_12.pdf" target="_blank">1200eds the Saga literature was written</a>, with <a href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/medieval.www/sagaconf/mar.htm" target="_blank">Praegothic</a> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/AM156fol_p1.jpg" target="_blank">Latin scripts</a>. <a href="http://cg.scs.carleton.ca/~luc/JJMarcos-2008-FontsForLATIN_PALEOGRAPHY.pdf" target="_blank">Praegothic script that has noting to do with the Goths</a>, but is related to the Christian Crusaders. Christians wrote <a href="http://www.steinkjer-kommune.net/eggevandring/egge/index.php?art_id=636" target="_blank">Flatøyboka</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flateyjarb%C3%B3k" target="_blank">Flateyjarbók</a> or "Flatey Book" from 1394 to 1500eds in Latin, likely directed by the Danish Kings. The Sagas were known by the learned from about mid 1600. Likely they are great documents of partly constructed history. It is important to remember that the Nordic Saga literature are not pagan of origin, but told by the Christians about the old Nordic pagan religion and culture.<br />
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Grovt sett:<br />
De gamle futhark runene fra 2 til 8 århundret (?) var brukt av folkene i Norden før kristningen. 8. Århundre er for tidlig for en endring av runene fra den gamle til den yngre futhark - den yngre futhark hovedsakelig brukt fra 1100 til 1200. Kristningen av Europa var en gradvis prosess som startet i Armenia ca. 300 CE og spredde seg raskt til Roma fra 380 CE. Kristningen av Skandinavia var nominelt gjennomført i høymiddelalderen 1299 CE. Den velkjente Vikingtiden sluttet med at de kristne kom. Yngre Futhark runer ble initiert av de kristne og med dem kristne ornamenter og symboler. De gamle vikinggravene fra 800-tallet har ingen kristne kors eller religiøse symboler. De yngre Futhark runene utviklet seg til Middelalderske runer, som likner de som er brukt i runekalenderen i denne bloggen. Det gamle språket endret seg helt klart med de immigrerende kristne folkene til Norden. Det gamle språket er ofte kalt ”Old Norse” eller ”Norrøn”, men jeg kan ikke finne primærkilden for bruk av disse begrepene. Samene preserverte den gamle kulturen, inkludert runene og konverterte ikke til kristendommen før på 1700-1800-tallet. <a href="http://www.ksbm.oeaw.ac.at/cipl2005/vienne05_12.pdf" target="_blank">Fra 1200-tallet</a> var <a href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/medieval.www/sagaconf/mar.htm" target="_blank">Sagalitteraturen skrevet med Latinsk skrift</a> og på gammel Islandsk. </span></span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><a href="http://cg.scs.carleton.ca/~luc/JJMarcos-2008-FontsForLATIN_PALEOGRAPHY.pdf" target="_blank">Pre-gotisk skript har ingenting med Götene å gjøre</a>, men er relatert til kristne korsfarere. </span></span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 78%;">Kristne skrev <a href="http://www.steinkjer-kommune.net/eggevandring/egge/index.php?art_id=636" target="_blank">Flatøyboka</a> eller Flateyarbók fra 1394 og helt inn på 1500-tallet også på Latin, sannsynligvis ble de skrevet etter direktiv fra danskekongene. Sagalitteraturen ble kjent blant de lærde fra omtrent midten av 1600-tallet. Sannsynligvis er den for det meste et storartet dokument på delvis konstruert historie når f.eks. gjelder dateringen av hendelser og eierskap til denne historien. Det er viktig å legge merke til at den gamle Nordiske Sagalitteraturen ikke er av hedensk opprinnelse, men skrevet av kristne om den gamle hedenske tro i Norden.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7y-UDr3Dc1uWOxT-nfW_41DEfDZChpxJ72BpxVAmwSqfBKKfriKIdOpkQPx_7LIvZlr5Dh7qYo87K5FMPbkwtjowYY_Yz4KjUmGkBkF8SUiMtrjft5GFyJhL9j-jHQUNV7cDq0QcDJ90/s1600-h/Nidhogg+the+dragon+Ni%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr+gnawing+the+roots+of+Yggdrasill+17th+centrury+Icelandic+manuscript.png" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314434643403299874" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7y-UDr3Dc1uWOxT-nfW_41DEfDZChpxJ72BpxVAmwSqfBKKfriKIdOpkQPx_7LIvZlr5Dh7qYo87K5FMPbkwtjowYY_Yz4KjUmGkBkF8SUiMtrjft5GFyJhL9j-jHQUNV7cDq0QcDJ90/s200/Nidhogg+the+dragon+Ni%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr+gnawing+the+roots+of+Yggdrasill+17th+centrury+Icelandic+manuscript.png" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 64px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 200px;" /></a> <span style="color: #9999ff; font-weight: bold;">Nidhogg Nagar</span>, is a dragon gnawing the roots of the life tree, reptile worshiped in the ancient Nordic. From a 17th century Icelandic Manuscript. Nidhogg Nagar er en drake som gnager på røttene til livstreet, et krypdyr som ble tilbedt i det før-kristne Norden. </span></span><br />
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<center><object allownetworking="all" allowscriptaccess="always" base="http://www.slideroll.com" data="http://www.slideroll.com/player.swf?s=q3kgm11y&nocache=1&nologo=0" height="280" id="slideshow" salign="tl" scale="noscale" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="340" wmode="transparent"> <param name="base" value="http://www.slideroll.com"><param name="movie" value="http://www.slideroll.com/player.swf?s=q3kgm11y&nologo=0"><param name="s" value="q3kgm11y"><param name="scale" value="noscale"><param name="salign" value="tl"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"><param name="allowNetworking" value="all"><!-- embedded thumbnail --> <a href="http://slideroll.com/?s=q3kgm11y" target="_blank"><img src="http://slideroll.com/users/group263/user263202_20070808143713/thumbs/proj305823.jpg" alt="Early IronAge Ornaments Norway" /> View Photo Slideshow</a> <!-- end thumbnail --> <span style="font-size:85%;"> </span></object> </center><span style="font-size: 85%;">Slideshow with photos of Pre-Viking Age ornaments found in Norway. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Age" target="_blank">Viking Age</a>. Exhibited at the History Museum in Oslo. Lysbildene viser ornamenter fra før Vikingtiden som er funnet i Norge. De er utstilt på Historisk Museum i Oslo.</span> <br />
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Saint Trifon reported that the Sami people during the 1500eds worshiped pictures, serpents and other reptiles.<br />
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Hellige Trifon rapporterte på 1500-tallet at samene var tilbedere av bilder, slanger og andre krypdyr: ”Han drog til Egnene omkring Floden Peisen eller Petschenga, hvor han traf Lapperne, levende i Afguderi, tilbedende Billeder, Orme og andet Kryb. Sitat slutt fra: <a href="http://www.imeq.net/finnmark/Friis/Sommer.php?kap=BorisGleb&pt=3" target="_blank">En sommer i Finmarken, Russisk Lapland og Nordkarelen : Skildringer af Land og Folk</a> by J.A. Friis., Christiania, 1871.<br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311754432009658786" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtwuJmoS57RWCP8GbiSo8SPuR2y-oLMYhLKjkG5sC29Bs5KkX-LhxD0-xJN3dT0rJahITzh3VANN0mcstHKjPKMQMjyLfFSq4A2DmeG1WK_3lh8y32232QVQUsX33xwl-fQNWslQnNO4qS/s400/serpent+bird+etc+sami+runic+drum.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 269px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 85%;">A Sami Shaman Drum with a serpent fish called "Goarmes Guolle" or Troll-fish (nr. 36) . More commonly this figure is called Serpent. En slange fisk (nr. 36) kalt Trollfisk eller "Goarmes Guolle" på samisk. Oftest kalles denne figuren orm eller slange. </span><br />
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The Swedish archbishop Olaus Magnus retold many stories about serpent worship in his historical accounts and even if serpents were not worshiped in Southern Sweden in the 1500eds there were still remains of serpent worship in the stories among common people. James Fergusson mentions in the book “Tree and Serpent Worship” (1873) that the Sami still worshiped serpents and trees in the early 1800eds.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigMlKl6rttPuRqzg405lRulmgZKNIB3a8cTTqRbXSNCu9tc2X7LKLf5qJgSzt7Pxd3U6-QC1_rJk8Al1Qer6sc9pwvrXJUkbm6TRoTjfDf3EZJSFgfXni05AOgDiRdm7pVZoO7StW4kwI/s1600-h/Smiss+at+N%C3%A4r+gotland+sweden+400+-+600+ce.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336375911371613890" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigMlKl6rttPuRqzg405lRulmgZKNIB3a8cTTqRbXSNCu9tc2X7LKLf5qJgSzt7Pxd3U6-QC1_rJk8Al1Qer6sc9pwvrXJUkbm6TRoTjfDf3EZJSFgfXni05AOgDiRdm7pVZoO7StW4kwI/s200/Smiss+at+N%C3%A4r+gotland+sweden+400+-+600+ce.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 200px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 178px;" /></a> <a href="http://www.wec360.com/public_server/fornsalen/fornsalen_bildstenshallen/popup.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 78%;">Iron Age Gotland Picture stones in 3D</span></a><span style="font-size: 78%;"> Photo credits to: <a href="http://www.gotlandsmuseum.se/" target="_blank">Gotlands Museum</a>. The photographer is Raymond Hejdström. Photo used with permission. A picture stone dated to 400 - 600 CE from Sanda in Gotland, Southern Sweden. En bildsten datert til 400 - 600 etter Kristus fra Sanda i Gotland, Sør-Sverige. </span><br />
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Den svenske erkebiskopen Olaus Magnus videreformidlet mange historier om slangetilbedelse i sine historiske skrifter og selv om folk i det sørlige Sverige ikke tilba slanger på 1500-tallet så fantes det fremdeles historier om slanger og slangetilbedelse blant vanlige folk. James Fergusson nevner i boken ”Tree and Serpent Worship” (1873) at samene fremdeles tilba slanger og trær på begynnelsen av 1800-tallet.<br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311636247771864546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii3Ohl3xoTnW0zqxQBseC1_qrjjSgpFYlFyzaroFEhj1Qp4b51G5yqNvw1BP-lzvT2dU706BowFT6vgDuMYkDQiiFNmYBmaE2jzsUrxzKQyN0J2vzZNG1jWwKdJGaMas1sFQekMYXNPFO4/s400/NKS_1867_4to,_93v,_Thor_and_J%C3%B6rmungandr.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 315px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Thor and Hymir fishing the Midgard Serpent. Illustration of Edda, Iceland 1700eds. It seems from illustrations that Midgardsormen looked very much like what the Sami called a "Goarmes Guolle" or Troll-fish. Tor og Hymir fisker Midgardsormen, som i illustrasjonene ser ut til å likne veldig på hva samene kaller "Goarmes Guolle" eller trollfisk.</span><br />
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”Castren in his travels in Lapland, gived some very curious details about the feelings of the Lapps with regard to serpent and tree worship at the present day: “Reiseerinnerungen aus den Jahren 1838 – 1844". At the same time it seems tolerably clear that such a serpent mythology as existed in Sweden could never have sprung up naturally in so northern a climate, were all the snake tribe are so insignificant. It must have been imported from the East, though we have yet to learn by whom this was done, at what exact time it was effected.” (End of quote from Source: <a href="http://books.google.no/books?id=jhOtFpEt9l8C&dq=%22Mythology+and+Arts+in+India%E2%80%9D+Fergusson&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=TSXu1vYHvN&sig=AmkH08dkx9bAmOH8O8q61edBgpk&hl=no&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result" target="_blank">Tree and Serpant Worship Or Illustrations of Mythology and Arts in India </a>by James Fergusson, London (1873). Comment: It is told in several ancient texts (e.g. Jordanes, see references) that the first Scandinavian Goths came to Scandinavia a few hundred years before Common Era.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPijS6KpT6VNWXkljLttwxDkvL2pb0u7AsyZnNUAtt2e3KYbP9rv0xGVnBlCbHPSSxCYy2niCx35HujN9hZSH0d2_frj_Tmt51ktVupaKfpFpV6AI8g7coTQg9pHepzJZ971-hvGNNkeI/s1600-h/Worship+of+tree+Hylestad+Portal+Stavkirke+Norway.JPG" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5313793232808314514" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPijS6KpT6VNWXkljLttwxDkvL2pb0u7AsyZnNUAtt2e3KYbP9rv0xGVnBlCbHPSSxCYy2niCx35HujN9hZSH0d2_frj_Tmt51ktVupaKfpFpV6AI8g7coTQg9pHepzJZ971-hvGNNkeI/s200/Worship+of+tree+Hylestad+Portal+Stavkirke+Norway.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 200px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 100px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Tree worship in Heathen Norway, wood carved Portal from Hylestad Stavkirke ca. 1175 in the county of Aust Agder. Tilbedelse av trær (livstreet) i det hedenske Norge, utskjært i tre, en <a href="http://www.khm.uio.no/utstilling/faste/middelalder/stavkirkeportaler/hylestad.html" target="_blank">Portal fra Hylestad Stavkirke ca. 1175</a> i Aust Agder.</span><br />
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”Etter sine reiser i Lappland ga Castren noen svært interessante detaljer om samenes opplevelse (følelser) i forhold den nåtidige tilbedelse av slanger og trær: “Reiseerinnerungen aus den Jahren 1838 – 1844”. Samtidig er det temmelig klart at en slik slangemytologi som eksisterte i Sverige ikke kan ha opprinnelse i et så nordlig klima, hvor slangebestanden er så ubetydelig. Den må ha blitt importert fra øst, selv om vi ennå ikke vet hvem som brakte den, og når dette skjedde.” <a href="http://books.google.no/books?id=jhOtFpEt9l8C&dq=%22Mythology+and+Arts+in+India%E2%80%9D+Fergusson&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=TSXu1vYHvN&sig=AmkH08dkx9bAmOH8O8q61edBgpk&hl=no&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result" target="_blank">Tree and Serpant Worship Or Illustrations of Mythology and Arts in India </a>by James Fergusson, London (1873). Kommentar: Det er skrevet i flere gamle kilder (f.eks. Jordanes, se referanser) at de første Skandinaviske Götene kom til Skandinavia noen hundre år før vanlig tidsregning.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-38800047003119438482009-03-11T07:50:00.015+01:002009-03-13T15:27:16.840+01:00Old Time Sami People Pictures - Gamle Bilder av Samer<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY6LVHxzl0_n5IfumCsBOp6PR0ddEnK9GTVexG1WIODajVgcbaUWdM7ONSawQP7nWBFMA5efII4eWp1wAWSF9vgHQaG3gOJNOpgissR1yCW40RKKENS8SLMAn-EPOKdWrMTw5B-VnLattH/s400/sami+woman+from+Kautokeino.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311511476796009026" border="0" />Samisk kvinne fra Kautokeino. A Sami woman from Kautokeino, Norway.<br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 382px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9gkySX8yoTJS2AHlwuqJ-StXiCxcKMnxTUTHT09EYi8aZoucgc3ebisAUI40l_UmeCPjwHRaLVF7ucLaDBUbj3CXNj9FYrKUSGvPb6LN6Xc3Lk6ydiHGOrnVFxyHdJDel4kxKkbRw3fdP/s400/Sami+girls+in+Telemark+Norway+1800-+early+19000001+-+Kopi+%282%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311514741930626082" border="0" />Sami girls from Telemark in Southern Norway, 1880-90ies. Samiske jenter fra Telemark i Sør-Norge, 1880-90-tallet.<br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 249px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDWUiV0QSH_zlENEfg2ZVOGJ1mmnxssfTNLoQa2ZN4fkJwszdvV93hfwukCA3IiLmOqvx0QD4V5dRakHEwLQPcPRSfeLna4F8A4yC81xRcwfqkLIgpK7mJ5vIyISro9UxOQkNz_aAJenzp/s400/Sami+girls+in+Telemark+Norway+1800-+early+1900+cpc.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311517264492058466" border="0" /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3AQOvuXD-e19j4kPRccCK3gbj0d_P8jx_hg5tYF3tlMfD3s1kG_P9Izu41OP2DzXztDi5DwzE1Iyswh2u0mg4ViS8ftEmtbLcDTxRF9n9Zc5NywFGwSztdnOQzntJqCOABF_zQ4JgAN-J/s1600-h/sami+engraving+at+camp+1800eds.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 394px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3AQOvuXD-e19j4kPRccCK3gbj0d_P8jx_hg5tYF3tlMfD3s1kG_P9Izu41OP2DzXztDi5DwzE1Iyswh2u0mg4ViS8ftEmtbLcDTxRF9n9Zc5NywFGwSztdnOQzntJqCOABF_zQ4JgAN-J/s400/sami+engraving+at+camp+1800eds.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311806613853980434" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:78%;">Click on the picture. Klikk på bildet. </span><br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 345px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyLz1Lc6FBntV3wKOfjdIglO1pRg1ujGK2DMpQ_2fqFl_WuC-CQjS5oGmkB0N5Ga8QM26pEtPy5jG28qZfgsznbBEBLBwIdj22r2IaPoLbBuKU-vKGmumtwiwMfe8pMhLdmXYJHq1Nu-P-/s400/sami+camp+1800eds.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311806762304506274" border="0" /> An engraving after Nature: Likely the person sitting to the right is Nils Orbes and the man standing on the left Lars or Nils Joks from Karasjok. A picture of what seems to be the same Mountain Sami Nomad group from Karasjok in Norway can be found in the following source: "En Sommer i Finmarken, Russisk Lapland og Nordkarelen" av Jens Andreas Friis, 1871. Et kobberstikk bilde etter naturen: Sannsynligvis er personen som sitter lengst til høyre Nils Orbes og mannen som står til venstre enten Lars eller Nils Joks fra Karasjok. Et bilde av hva som ser ut til å være den samme fjellsamiske nomade gruppen fra Karasjok kan sees i kilden nevnt over.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU5vHp0dJ2vBw68J2Onn97wC8mmViPDNvL4adD3azSmfT1YickPEI5bX0RiG3sb2sYNWrC64IwTZMFgigIaLSkfKzObViSxhZ-PsDoffvJoYSkX74yTP6zdeY8AMb9h8n1m_UwMQdpwRjj/s1600-h/Sami+camp+Finnmark+early+1900eds+sm.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 241px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU5vHp0dJ2vBw68J2Onn97wC8mmViPDNvL4adD3azSmfT1YickPEI5bX0RiG3sb2sYNWrC64IwTZMFgigIaLSkfKzObViSxhZ-PsDoffvJoYSkX74yTP6zdeY8AMb9h8n1m_UwMQdpwRjj/s400/Sami+camp+Finnmark+early+1900eds+sm.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311807705286087442" border="0" /></a>Nomad Sami family and reinsdeer in Finnmark, Norway from early 1900eds. Samisk familie med reinsdyr i Finnmark fra tidlig 1900-tall.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfdf26enCSNR_VVr5N0cm3Qmq-ETKAqZuMpX1ObcKqtZkXucbdeM4OrKEiZdv3pa4EXNKedRvo_eCNrHLEra3tbpVok4EAqzdTNH6do5HK6IR7ymOmS3vobE1T230LzC4fd1O4S2LUx9Vq/s1600-h/Hunters+Sami+men+and+dog+Sweden.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 331px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfdf26enCSNR_VVr5N0cm3Qmq-ETKAqZuMpX1ObcKqtZkXucbdeM4OrKEiZdv3pa4EXNKedRvo_eCNrHLEra3tbpVok4EAqzdTNH6do5HK6IR7ymOmS3vobE1T230LzC4fd1O4S2LUx9Vq/s400/Hunters+Sami+men+and+dog+Sweden.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311807285701331874" border="0" /></a> Jegere med hund tidlig på 1900-tallet fra Sverige. Se nærmere på de flotte peskene og den tradisjonelle samiske ryggsekken. Klikk på bildet. These are two hunters and a dog in the early 1900eds Sweden. Take a closer look at the nice fur coats (pesk) and the traditional Sami backpack. Click on the picture.<br /><br /><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 219px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-5lC6f-7PiZ9KoFEOOt4hg21Rtp7OenkdIDZVXmVOtLZsQuKcerz5X0xzOiUJc8wxVEm85M5uRNOJ8SDbNrkbzdg8lUKdVkh4xgbOjcKG0-ums5RnPLh780-D6kf7lHNq1NvYwmm1U1k/s400/Swedish+Group+of+Sami+before+1905.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311940294422144690" border="0" /><br />Swedish Sami before 1905. Svenske samer før 1905.<br /><br /><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 203px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhel7MEWzZVjOocs1Jw2Fxi7BUos3mB57pN9ECf7AuDdQcw5dyhyGjyc6Nvf4h2RwYqr_CLJsuU-D855K2-fpftlcR2hXB9jXOuMWpqe-goOJ9rSvzGpWgJK01kWq4V7cm0BpFmXHuPZqE/s400/Sweden+Saami+people+before+1905+sm.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311940075638775314" border="0" /><br /><br /><a href="http://runeberg.org/finmar1867/" target="_blank">En Sommer i Finmarken, Russisk Lapland og Nordkarelen</a> by J.A. Friis, 1871.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-73954635134984994372009-03-04T14:02:00.013+01:002009-03-10T20:57:19.417+01:00Bear Rites - Bjørneriter<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKvDcT-YWv2HqM5Hmv4ElIy-PiNeKd7faZKKPgPxh1rKa-PGTf6RsoMawV6A0bciYiQthLpw8VMuI7y7pOU0xfYoIqVNj7GmA13dFP90Q-ajJYpFo2TlDXfQO9wR6okFNO4zldl6ChQu8/s1600-h/2002_47.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 387px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKvDcT-YWv2HqM5Hmv4ElIy-PiNeKd7faZKKPgPxh1rKa-PGTf6RsoMawV6A0bciYiQthLpw8VMuI7y7pOU0xfYoIqVNj7GmA13dFP90Q-ajJYpFo2TlDXfQO9wR6okFNO4zldl6ChQu8/s400/2002_47.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309317807615417410" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:78%;">Photo credits: <a href="http://www.nll.se/threesection.aspx?id=41712" target="_blank">Norrbottens Museums Bildarkiv</a>. Drawing Björnfesten or Bear Feast by Ossian Elgstöm (Published in 2002). Photo used with permission. Click on the picture / Klikk på bildet. </span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><center><a href="http://www.kildenett.no/imagearchive/Samisk_tegneserie004.tiff.jpg" target="_blank">Bear cult cartoon</a> 1 Bjørnekult by Ossian Elgstrøm (Kildenett.no)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.kildenett.no/imagearchive/Samisk_tegneserie007.jpg" target="_blank">Bear cult cartoon</a> 2 Bjørnekult by Ossian Elgstrøm (Kildenett.no)</center><br /><p></p><a target="_blank" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT_IG8JBV4lNGVJJrkTzuadwGwdKmgT-FY9LT8jCDqs-z1bpD5BQAt05EkkR9rf8DpveP1xlajllowPsUOYacG15icNb7_WjTOQ-_oiCWEJH7xnsTLlfq3JN4tH-31V0jf10SbvdJDWZF-/s1600-h/SCHEFFER,+Johannes+1+-+1682.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 291px; display: block; height: 400px;" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5284324625556390818" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT_IG8JBV4lNGVJJrkTzuadwGwdKmgT-FY9LT8jCDqs-z1bpD5BQAt05EkkR9rf8DpveP1xlajllowPsUOYacG15icNb7_WjTOQ-_oiCWEJH7xnsTLlfq3JN4tH-31V0jf10SbvdJDWZF-/s400/SCHEFFER,+Johannes+1+-+1682.jpg" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:78%;"> Sami Shaman with drum and a horned hat during a <a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=80&vuolitsladja=107&giella1=eng" target="_blank">Bear hunt ritual</a>. Samisk sjaman med runebomme og en hornhatt under et <a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=80&vuolitsladja=107&giella1=nor" target="_blank">bjørnejakt rituale</a>. Credit to: </span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.forumrarebooks.com/Scheffer-Johannes-Gerhard-Waarachtige-en-aen-merkens-waardige.html"><span style="font-size:78%;">Forum Rare Books</span></a><span style="font-size:78%;"> Johannes Gerhard SCHEFFER 1682, Dutch.</span> <span style="font-size:78%;"> Picture used with permission.</span><br /><br /><center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.primusweb.se/BigImageContent.do?relativePath=NM/0003/31715.jpg&n=nm-watermark.gif" target="_blank"><img style="" auto="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVN0vJSgHnXwEQ36Ni6879iCWyYX5Xnl-HEYoj3WCNl30bzBOo6eRcG38jQnsR6eEKU89dj3-z_Yd1iz24mTB2Pz_89ZbbUkm_poSy4Z6Uwf_hyrxEsX4R9TXK5bLINIly7xeKX31UrLyX/s320/BigImageContent.do.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294577582276649298" border="0" /></a><span></span></center> <span style="font-size:85%;">Photo credits to: Nordiska museet, Stockholm, <a href="http://www.primusweb.se/artifactView.do?type=Thing&idOwner=NM&idIdentifier=NM.0112264&pageNo=1&owner=&criteria=trollm%C3%B6ssa&objectType=&onlyWithPictures=" target="_blank">A Horned Hat</a>. Photo used with permission. The hat likely belonged to a Saami Shaman. Found in Oviksfjällen, Jämtland, Central Sweden. Et hodeplagg med horn funnet i Oviksfjällen, Jämtland, Sentrale Sverige. Sannsynligvis ble hatten brukt i forbindelse med samisk sjamanisme.</span><br /><br />Compare this hat with the shaman hat illustrated and published in Scheffer (1682), you can see it in the picture over. Also compare with the the horned hat on the figure of a wooden carving from the Oseberg Viking grave in Southern Norway. And also with the picture of Sami shamans from <a href="http://www.kildenett.no/imagearchive/Sjamaner_fargetegning-1-1..jpg" target="_blank">Moses Pitt</a> (English Atlas, 1680).<br /><br />Sammenlikne denne hatten med hodeplagget til sjamanen som er illustrert og publisert i Scheffer (1682). Gjør også en sammenlikning med hornhatten på en figur utskjært i tre fra Oseberg graven fra Vikingtiden i Sør-Norge. I tillegg også med bildet av samiske sjamaner fra Moses Pitt <a href="http://www.kildenett.no/imagearchive/Sjamaner_fargetegning-1-1..jpg" target="_blank">(English Atlas, 1680)</a>.<br /><br /><center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMzQ4vdAjMaxpejNDXTw7FIklp18l9a9lvHr0h_tin1HlCfEZTg5Q8XkdfOuASgwADvqmY2XyXBTcRhfhbe0yIxqMBviULC012DlamUWPJ1YKBKOplHVRBSCrZAhl8o7m0mpdYnqUokUSH/s1600-h/Oseberg+Vikingship,+Norway+-+Kopi.JPG" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 306px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMzQ4vdAjMaxpejNDXTw7FIklp18l9a9lvHr0h_tin1HlCfEZTg5Q8XkdfOuASgwADvqmY2XyXBTcRhfhbe0yIxqMBviULC012DlamUWPJ1YKBKOplHVRBSCrZAhl8o7m0mpdYnqUokUSH/s320/Oseberg+Vikingship,+Norway+-+Kopi.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5291687100026799874" border="0" /></a></center> <span style="font-size:85%;">A figure with a horn hat carved in wood that was part of equipment for tents found in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseberg" target="_blank">Oseberg</a> - <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseberghaugen" target="_blank">Vikingship Grave</a> from 834 CE. Likely this image represent a religious ceremony. Click on the photo to see a larger version. En figur med en hornhatt på en treutskjæring som tilhørte teltutstyr funnet i <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseberg" target="_blank">Oseberg</a> - <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseberghaugen" target="_blank">Vikingskip Graven</a> fra 834 CE. Sannsynligvis forestiller bildet en religiøs seremoni. Klikk på foto for å se en større versjon.</span><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqYYa8EiIu6v7D1v-6UjwFH3BfJ4NymEng15yy3NlX2R5axlZJdrhNE-8HtXsb60g3RMLg1lO1pgv4EfRhCpULFKDKvV2fJgf-SIgwzkFYipj5sZM42134HVzMsvGtlXdvl5hg46wtT4hk/s1600-h/SCHEFFER,+Johannes+3+-+1682.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 307px; display: block; height: 400px;" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5284324411686839026" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqYYa8EiIu6v7D1v-6UjwFH3BfJ4NymEng15yy3NlX2R5axlZJdrhNE-8HtXsb60g3RMLg1lO1pgv4EfRhCpULFKDKvV2fJgf-SIgwzkFYipj5sZM42134HVzMsvGtlXdvl5hg46wtT4hk/s400/SCHEFFER,+Johannes+3+-+1682.jpg" border="0" /></a> <span style="font-size:78%;">Bear Hunting. Bjørnejakt. Credits to: </span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.forumrarebooks.com/Scheffer-Johannes-Gerhard-Waarachtige-en-aen-merkens-waardige.html"><span style="font-size:78%;">Forum Rare Books</span></a><span style="font-size:78%;"> Johannes Gerhard SCHEFFER 1682, Dutch. Used with permission.</span><br /><br /><center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.primusweb.se/BigImageContent.do?relativePath=NM/0003/33410.jpg&n=nm-watermark.gif" target="_blank"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc57u9n1huENs5frkWRYvRuUNazi_6kt3bsXmwgcvu0yWaNZ2yQ0h0x3vuhXfCqIKIDQF27onk_JSxqyXB46mT466tlmjK1fIQgIjgbxaEmYF3E5MSE6QnX1y8EhEiKdiAqR6_zR1oxVx8/s200/bj%C3%B6rnklo+jokkmokk+magisk+v%C3%A4rde+NMS.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294586090526046002" border="0" /></a> <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.primusweb.se/BigImageContent.do?relativePath=NM/0003/49431.jpg&n=nm-watermark.gif" target="_blank"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimE3eYg1iybbjovyI0ALpcV9r1qnmB4pJ4xpjFbux34jCi_TZptBZhVOCflhQ0T83-g_byY_p5phUJaIupJucVBIcqwDfo1uE-Vya1FnhXboCrT3jMpWaiuRmwKuwp2IS3Pk5JDx-Ds2Tg/s200/BigImageContent.do181624a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294699181968380258" border="0" /></a></center> <span style="font-size:85%;">Photo credits to: Nordiska museet, Stockholm, <a href="http://www.primusweb.se/artifactView.do?type=Thing&idOwner=NM&idIdentifier=NM.0254757&pageNo=1&owner=&criteria=bj%C3%B6rnklo&objectType=&onlyWithPictures=" target="_blank"> A Bear Claw Amulet 1</a>, <a href="http://www.primusweb.se/artifactView.do?type=Thing&idOwner=NM&idIdentifier=NM.0181624A-B&pageNo=1&owner=&criteria=bj%C3%B6rnklo&objectType=&onlyWithPictures=" target="_blank">Bear Claw amulet 2</a>. Found in Jokkmokk, Sweden. Bear claws had religious value for the Sami. En bjørneklo funnet i Jokkmokk, Sverige. For samene hadde bjørneklør en religiøs verdi. Photos used with permission.</span><br /><br />The amulet have brass rings. <a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=80&vuolitsladja=107&giella1=eng" target="_blank">Brass was viewed as a protective metal</a> during the bear hunt ritual, and when the men returned home with the dead bear women could only watch it through a brass ring (Source. Varanger Samiske Museum) .<br /><br />Amuletten har messing ringer. <a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=80&vuolitsladja=107&giella1=nor" target="_blank">Messing ble sett på som et beskyttende metall</a> under jaktritualet, og når mennene kom hjem med den døde bjørnen kunne kvinnene bare se på dyret gjennom en messingring (Kilde: Varanger samiske museum).<br /><br />In the picture you can see a ski pole that was also used as a weapon to kill wolfs and bears. Click the picture to read. På bildet kan du se en skistav som også ble brukt som et våpen for å drepe ulv og bjørn på den tiden av året når det er dyp snø. Bladet er av jern og tykk som en tommel. På den nedre delen av staven er en løkke som er ca. 15 cm i diameter som er laget av roten til bartre eller grantre og festet med remser av reinsdyrskinn gjennom et hull i staven. Nederst er det et jernbelegg. Løkken hindrer staven i å synke i snøen når den brukes som en skistav. Staven er laget av bjørketre og er omtrent 122 cm og 3.8 cm tykk.<br /><br /><center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijebsAU_QRM2zXxg_6VA0nNjwbX3U3y0h9G3nkDffuRMXQNfXYqbuBfAsV_fGVYLuUL1zkDJcms9ELdlnkD0TbVhh8RYJ0ij2o_7VQzZShW9y76TdysaZ0rUa5GFTKnscg7ziub7T5QX8/s1600-h/a+Sami+ski+pole+staff+weapon+and+ski+staff+1811+blk.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 226px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijebsAU_QRM2zXxg_6VA0nNjwbX3U3y0h9G3nkDffuRMXQNfXYqbuBfAsV_fGVYLuUL1zkDJcms9ELdlnkD0TbVhh8RYJ0ij2o_7VQzZShW9y76TdysaZ0rUa5GFTKnscg7ziub7T5QX8/s400/a+Sami+ski+pole+staff+weapon+and+ski+staff+1811+blk.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5310008493392588642" border="0" /></a></center><br />You can read about the bearhunting rituals of the Sami in the book by Johan Scheffer. Du kan lese mer om bjørnejakt-ritualene til samene i følgende bok som kun er på engelsk:<br /><br /><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.kb.se/F1700/Lapland/Lapland.htm" target="_blank">Johan Scheffer, chapter 19. Kungliga biblioteket, Sweden</a><br /><br />Another interesting source to learn more about the Sami Bear Hunt Rituals:<br /><br /><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=80&vuolitsladja=107&giella1=eng" target="_blank">Rituals involving the Bear hunt</a><br /><br />En annen interessant kilde for å lære mer om samiske bjørnejakt ritualer:<br /><br /><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=80&vuolitsladja=107&giella1=nor" target="_blank">Ritualer rundt bjørnejakten</a><br /><br />Like with the other blog postings more information will be added later. I likehet med de andre bloggpostene vil mer informasjon om dette emnet legges til senere.<br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />References - Referanser:</span></span><br /><br /><a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-vii.html" target="_blank">Text about Sami Religion from Lapponia by Scheffer, 1774</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.diva-portal.org/umu/theses/abstract.xsql?dbid=962" target="_blank">Förfädernas land: en arkeologisk studie av rituella lämningar i Sápmi, 300 f. Kr-1600 e. Kr</a> av Birgitta Fossum (2007)<br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_carvings_at_Alta">Rock Carvings in Alta, Norway</a><br /><br />"<a href="https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/36402/atouchof.pdf?sequence=1" target="_blank"> Archaeological and Ethnographic Approaches to Interpreting Finnish Rock Paintings</a>" by Antti Lahelma (2008)<br /><br />“<a href="http://koti.welho.com/alahelm2/nar.pdf" target="_blank">Between the Worlds: Rock Art, Landscape and Shamanism in Subneolithic Finland</a>” by Lahelma<br />(2005). Norwegian Archaeological Review 38 (1): 29-47.<br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_carvings_at_Alta">Rock Carvings in Alta, Norway</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nordic-life.org/nmh/scheffer-religion-en.htm">Extracts of John Scheffer, History of Lapland</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://home.hib.no/mediesenter/asgard2003/finsk.htm">Finsk og samisk mytologi</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=80&vuolitsladja=107&giella1=nor" target="_blank">Ritualer rundt bjørnejakten</a> av Varanger Samiske Museum<br /><br /><a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=80&vuolitsladja=107&giella1=eng" target="_blank">Rituals involving the Bear hunt</a> by Varanger Sámi Museum<br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/siida/religion/bear.htm">The Significance of the Bear Ritual Among the Sami and Other Northern Cultures</a> By Brandon Bledsoe, University of Texas<br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/siida/religion/bearsassfinal.pdf">The Bear Went Down the Mountain</a> by John Weinstock<br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/features/saami/ritualsites.html">Ritual sites and bear graves</a><br /><br />“Rituals involving the Bear hunt” from the book “Lapp life and customs: A Survey” by Ørnulv Vorren and Ernst Manker, Oxford University Press (1962).</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-11029584274366125122009-03-01T21:36:00.034+01:002011-01-24T04:04:18.576+01:00Daniel Mortensson & Waren Sardne<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.kildenett.no/imagearchive/RMU.007075.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 292px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308322047477321730" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcRBO1uGAlOvcMIHBCeYnNUOJZyZuW4t78vNMaCHyYOzQDxeAQXWXHotXBul8sZA_vTWmQYG_Q8l2NOFk3Gvrka9ktNu8qcSgCdfQItWouMoOh6OLcQyMHeLKeW13WXwGz8K81vhh3XEM/s400/Daniel+Mortensson,+malt+av+Kunstner+Ludvig+Marius+Eggen+1950+eier+R%C3%B8ros+Museum.jpg" /></a> <span style="font-size:78%;">A painting of Daniel Mortensson. Et maleri av Daniel Mortensson. Artist: Ludvik Marius Eggen (1950). <a href="http://www.kildenett.no/imagearchive/RMU.007075.jpg" target="_blank">Internet source: Kildenett</a>. Foto: <a href="http://www.rorosmuseet.no/museet_samlinger/" target="_blank">Rørosmuseets arkiv</a>. Foto brukt med tillatelse. Photo used with permission. </span><br /><br />Waren Sardne var en sørsamisk avis som ble grunnlagt av Daniel Mortensson (1860 – 1924) og utgitt i Røros. Daniel Mortensson ble minnet i Waren Sardne 15. september 1925 og han ble der beskrevet som en foregangsmann, en stormann, en åndelig stjerne og høvding for samefolket. Han ble beskrevet som en med viljesterk handlekraft og selvoppofrelse når han brukte av sine midler og sin tid for å vekke sitt folk.<br /><br />Waren Sardne was a southern Sami newspaper and the name means something like ”message from the mountains”. It was published in Røros in Central Norway and the founder was Daniel Mortensson (1860-1924). There was a memorial article for Daniel Mortensson in Waren Sardne the 15th of September 1925, were he was described as pioneer, a great man, a spiritual leader and a chieftain for the Sami people. He was described as a strong-willed and vigorous man that with a selfless devotion spent his time and funds to enlighten his people.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3nYa4Q8VFSbVaED5saxdJ_bHU09cTJlhpq9qlRhX6XRn9PpLoLQW-2s2YcYsxVnGzVA8sxMWuf5KN-yIsFiIYivvCwSJ9u4Dk8eZO99XySNTDQkchjnTtx0wexLfHdEEyr6_95JwWSJI/s1600-h/R%C3%B8roskrk+public.JPG" target="_blank"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 300px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308510790035801074" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3nYa4Q8VFSbVaED5saxdJ_bHU09cTJlhpq9qlRhX6XRn9PpLoLQW-2s2YcYsxVnGzVA8sxMWuf5KN-yIsFiIYivvCwSJ9u4Dk8eZO99XySNTDQkchjnTtx0wexLfHdEEyr6_95JwWSJI/s400/R%C3%B8roskrk+public.JPG" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB028kXFAYqhBioiyKkSW14QTYULKLqzjvKSqOPtnek5hSz6Xv2AWTLvFiyn1Hh4jCfDj-rsK6hxfB97wFo85aGX5FfApnLmxIptaqIWWkd9gVLiKNf_z-QhXuORhuJ-9VUOa9ptaX6WE/s1600-h/R%C3%B8ros+public+domain.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 147px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308510559914608754" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB028kXFAYqhBioiyKkSW14QTYULKLqzjvKSqOPtnek5hSz6Xv2AWTLvFiyn1Hh4jCfDj-rsK6hxfB97wFo85aGX5FfApnLmxIptaqIWWkd9gVLiKNf_z-QhXuORhuJ-9VUOa9ptaX6WE/s400/R%C3%B8ros+public+domain.jpg" /></a><span style="font-size:78%;">Røros, Trøndelag in Central Norway.</span><br /><br />Avisen kom først ut hver lørdag mellom 1910 – 1913 med Daniel Mortensson som redaktør, og ca. 2 ganger pr. måned fra 1922 til 1927 med Lars Danielsen som redaktør. Du kan lese Waren Sardne i digitalisert form på <a href="http://www.nb.no/" target="_blank">Nasjonalbiblioteket</a>: <a href="http://www.nb.no/avis/programvare/vis_sider.php?publisert=&vis_tiffbilde=&modus=sok&tittel=URN:NBN:no-nb_digavishefte_30" target="_blank">Waren Sardne i digitalisert format </a><br /><br />Waren Sardne tok opp saker som angikk reindrift, samisk historie, dagsaktuelle spørsmål, kulturell og etnisk diskriminering, og er en interessant kilde for å studere presset som samene har opplevd fra nasjonalstatens interesser, religion, rasehygienisk ideologi (rasisme) og jordbruksinteresser. Noen av de sentrale budskapene er betydningen av politisk bevissthet, opplysning og organisering av samefolket.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.nb.no/utlevering/contentview.jsf?sesamid=09e284b3c1277655396e61f9368facf9" target="_blank"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 267px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308471327878628434" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIyaK4HdlJN9f9OGMdup_bMagbJK72hRM8E3dMWCEoptiV81eEvl6YQmghOZhw60ITLvZPM2DAgd_OjYw-oynNjtPJNz5nxa4kylz6phC2vGgHO_iWO4Z-6ydc3e6FU_qkrtQXqF57vvc/s400/Waren+sardne+1910.jpg" /></a> <span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="http://www.nb.no/utlevering/contentview.jsf?sesamid=09e284b3c1277655396e61f9368facf9" target="_blank">Waren Sardne</a> Credits to Nasjonalbilbioteket, Norge.</span><br /><br />The newspaper was published every Saturday in the period 1910 – 1913 with Daniel Mortensson as editor, and about twice every month in the period between 1922 and 1927 with Lars Danielsen as director. Waren Sardne is digitised by Nasjonalbiblioteket (<a href="http://www.nb.no/english" target="_blank">The National library of Norway</a>) and can be read online: <a href="http://www.nb.no/avis/programvare/vis_sider.php?publisert=&vis_tiffbilde=&modus=sok&tittel=URN:NBN:no-nb_digavishefte_30" target="_blank">Waren Sardne</a><br /><br />Waren Sardne published articles about reindeer herding, Sami history, general news, about cultural and ethnical discrimination, and is an interesting source to study the general pressure the Sami people struggled with, such as the interests of national states, religion, racial ideology (racism) and the interests of the agriculturists. Some of the main messages are the importance of political awareness, information and organisation among the Sami people.<br /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 134px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308472850546854674" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcoFrCBweUK9Q5_Uq-WYKkyT6w9Nv66m95LnoPwGbprD5wSc-4hTjYoKKDf0dhNSH9DmTP2QUi5BiYWNB96MxBzj4gB7X4xRqXWjSTHTaOBR0CccFf0Ng9fCx8W-U_viJ_YAORaBH-05k/s200/henrik+kvandahl.jpg" /> Henrik Kvandahl var en samisk foregangsmann fra Ballangen i Troms som i 1924 fikk et stipend av det akademiske kollegium til innsamling av folkeminne i Nordland og Ibestad (Tromsø). Kvandahl dro til Kristiania for videre studier og rapporterte om livet derfra i Waren Sardne. Mellom 1925 – 1947 ga han ut bokverket ”Samenes historie” i 3 bind. Kvandahl skrev fast i Waren Sardne, han skrev mest om samisk historie. Han opplyste i 1926 at 28.000 mennesker i Skandinavia ennå snakker samisk og lovpriser sitt folk for den store viljestyrken de viser.<br /><br />Henrik Kvandahl was a Sami pioneer from Ballangen in Troms. In 1924 he got a scholarship from the Academic Collegiums to gather folk stories and artifacts from Nordland and Ibestad (Tromsø). Kvandahl went to Kristiania to study and reported about the life as a student in Waren Sardne. Between 1925 – 1947 he published a work of 3 books about Sami history called “Samenes historie”. Kvandahl was a regular reporter in Waren Sardne and wrote mostly about Sami history. In 1926 he reported that 28.000 people in Scandinavia still speaks the Sami language and praises his people for their strength of will.<br /><br /><br /><center> <a title="View Også eit 150-årsminne av Aake Jünge. Nord-Trøndelag Historielag, Namsos on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/44778690/Også-eit-150-årsminne-av-Aake-Junge-Nord-Trøndelag-Historielag-Namsos" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">Også eit 150-årsminne av Aake Jünge. Nord-Trøndelag Historielag, Namsos</a> <object id="doc_371655112242202" name="doc_371655112242202" height="550" width="400" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf" style="outline:none;" > <param name="movie" value="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf"> <param name="wmode" value="opaque"> <param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"> <param name="FlashVars" value="document_id=44778690&access_key=key-2ojpz5c92xdz9zxpqgcu&page=1&viewMode=list"> <embed id="doc_371655112242202" name="doc_371655112242202" src="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=44778690&access_key=key-2ojpz5c92xdz9zxpqgcu&page=1&viewMode=list" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="550" width="400" wmode="opaque" bgcolor="#ffffff"></embed> </object> </center><br /><a href="http://www.skatval.no/NTHist/publikasjoner.htm" target="'_blank">Nord-Trøndelag Historielag</a>, Namsos. Om samepolitikeren og redaktøren Daniel Mortensson. Brukt med tillatelse av Åke Junge.<br /><br /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 396px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308480965612711266" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjraRCuZb1LKIhmo7KY9sTMzEaE3Cq_jEqoiCwPm6BD81nPXDH-mSZGi6xTbB4guKlDwyD0uRwbmBntaRghyjmlXNACnuoAxJ_vF71Pb05vkwYZoVjxFZ4SlQYVbi4UyPgEx2vQ7iS8JwU/s400/Nomad+School+by+Osian+Elgstr%C3%B6m+published+in+1929+sm.jpg" /> <span style="font-size:78%;">Nomade skole. Nomad School by Ossian Elgström published in 1929. Ossian Elgström that studied and illustrated the life of the Sami people wrote articles in Waren Sardne. Ossian Elgström som forsket på og illustrerte det samiske liv skrev også artikler i Waren Sardne. </span><br /><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">Et dikt fra siste avis av Waren Sardne.<br /><br />Betal ondt med godt.<br />Blev du hånet<br />Blev du spottet<br />Av en annen på din ferd<br />Blev du miskjent<br />Og foraktet<br />Blev der tvistet om ditt verd,<br />Husk at kroket tre må rettes<br />For å vorde sterkt og rankt,<br />Og at sverdet rett må herdes<br />Om det skal bli skarpt og blankt.<br /><br />Ta det hele<br />Som en skole<br />Der skal styrke blott ditt mot,<br />Der skal lære<br />Dig å vorde<br />Mer fruktbar, mere god.<br />En kan alltid høste lærdom<br />Av de ondes slette ferd,<br />Så en selv får lyst å strebe<br />Mot å bli litt mere verd.<br /><br />Blev du såret<br />Gav det smerte,<br />Tap ei motet, rett dig blott;<br />Aldri nære<br />Onde tanker,<br />Bære nag for stort og smått.<br />Den er liten som sig hevner,<br />Derfor skal han ynkes blott:<br />Stor er den som tier stille,<br />Og betaler ondt med godt.<br /><br />~ ”Folket” ~<br /><br /><br />A poem from the last published paper of Waren Sardne, this is my translation.<br /><br />Pay evil’s with good.<br />Were you insulted<br />Were you scorned<br />By another on your way<br />Were you misjudged<br />And despised<br />Were your dignity mistrusted,<br />Remember that a bent tree must be straightened up<br />To strongly stand upright,<br />The sword must be proper hardened<br />To be sharp and shiny.<br /><br /><br />See it<br />As a lesson<br />To strengthen your courage,<br />That will teach<br />You to become<br />A richer, and a better man<br />One can always gain knowledge<br />By the evil’s misconduct,<br />So that one self want to strive<br />To be more worth.<br /><br />Were you hurt<br />Were you in pain,<br />Do not lose courage, straighten up;<br />Never nourish<br />Evil thoughts,<br />Hold a grudge against someone.<br />They are small that take revenge<br />Take pity on him:<br />Great is the one that keep silent,<br />And pay evil with good<br /><br /></div><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-47627761206640970892009-01-30T01:32:00.014+01:002011-12-03T15:19:09.635+01:00Sami language - Sámigiella - Samisk språk<center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhISSIpN86xTjLE-GzONb0bm7Q5uJeEDJqQzzwrU4SfPVumC5akZkeHG_6xMT7JznWz-eXa2Vhqzufvp5n6uRUCtOGk-gZGAXE6RNUL-jQqvZ5DUOk1C-z8P7Q8x2D9t8r7qHUsp3gHhN0/s1600-h/NF+1++Inga+Eriksdatter+Norway+photo+Prince+Roland+Bonaparte+1884.jpg" target="_blank" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 222px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhISSIpN86xTjLE-GzONb0bm7Q5uJeEDJqQzzwrU4SfPVumC5akZkeHG_6xMT7JznWz-eXa2Vhqzufvp5n6uRUCtOGk-gZGAXE6RNUL-jQqvZ5DUOk1C-z8P7Q8x2D9t8r7qHUsp3gHhN0/s320/NF+1++Inga+Eriksdatter+Norway+photo+Prince+Roland+Bonaparte+1884.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317759292086356018" /></a></center> © Foto: Norsk Folkemuseum - 2011. Sami woman. Inga Eriksdatter from Norway, Norge. Photo Credits to: <a href="http://www.norskfolkemuseum.no/" target="_blank"">Norsk Folkemuseum</a><br /><br /><br /><center><a target="_blank" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1EBu-Juz9KYwcvDDbGzr8gEb_ybOnXyDu4XqHO_xl8M_KYUNy6QJdEIesTK0yJ_v2Q2DT4Pr0RQ1CIp8dwGMr0egtK9lp5n5f-MxnJDt6WFZ29FGrUVUMH_3CU2SKeKvRD8TaiIAXzdA/s1600-h/Letters+in+the+North+Saami+Alphabet.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5235207732935782114" border="0" style="CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1EBu-Juz9KYwcvDDbGzr8gEb_ybOnXyDu4XqHO_xl8M_KYUNy6QJdEIesTK0yJ_v2Q2DT4Pr0RQ1CIp8dwGMr0egtK9lp5n5f-MxnJDt6WFZ29FGrUVUMH_3CU2SKeKvRD8TaiIAXzdA/s200/Letters+in+the+North+Saami+Alphabet.jpg" /></a></center><br /><em>Saami alphabet - samisk alfabet</em><br /><br /><a href="http://www.nostratic.ru/books/(175)Hyllested%20-%20Saam%20Loan%20Norse.pdf" target="_blank">Saami Loanwords in Old Norse</a> ADAM HYLLESTED<br />University of Copenhagen<br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.risten.no/exist/risten/index.html">Samisk – Norsk Ordbok</a><br /><br />Buorre beaivi! <a target="_blank" href="http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article2530780.ece">New focus on Sami language</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordsamisk#Rettskriving_og_uttale">Nordsamisk</a> (North Saami alphabet and language)<br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/saami.htm">Sami Language and alphabet</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-MWIO9Lul4">Samisk Språk Video</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.infonuorra.no/article.php?articleID=8204&PHPSESSID=a0e9f0b6f885f2599a2f67ad3c384af7">Samisk alfabet</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.norden.org/pub/ebook/2002-717.pdf">Samiska i ett nytt årtusende</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nb.no/baser/samisk/">Samisk bibliografi fra Nasjonalbiblioteket</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://primusweb.no/artifactView.do?type=Photograph&idOwner=NF&idIdentifier=NF.13366-001&pageNo=3&owner=&criteria=falkenberg&objectType=&onlyWithPictures=">Kart som viser Samiske stedsnavn øst for Femunden, Hedemark, etter opptegnelser av Johs. Falkenberg 1942-43</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://primusweb.no/artifactView.do?type=Photograph&idOwner=NF&idIdentifier=NF.13366-002&pageNo=3&owner=&criteria=falkenberg&objectType=&onlyWithPictures=">Samiske stedsnavn i Esanden-distriktetet, Tydalen i Sør-Trøndelag. Etter opptegninger av Johs. Falkenberg 1942-43</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://cc.oulu.fi/~anaikio/publ.htm">On Germanic-Saami contacts and Saami prehistory</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.siida.fi/maahisweb/">SIIDA: Mánáidsiiddut Interneahtas - Bures boahtin!</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.samediggi.fi/vanha/oktavuohta/en/ok8.htm">Sami and Finnish languages related</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/art-61394">Uralic languages Map</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9109786/Uralic">Uralic Languages</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/saami.htm">Sami (Sámi/Saami) language</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.kafjord.kommune.no/folk-og-slektninger.306155-43217.html">Kåfjordsamisk : Folk og slektninger</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.blogger.com/www.finugr.uu.se/Uralfolk.sommarkurs.ppt">Finsk-ugriska språk och kulturer</a><br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.sfu.ca/~mcrobbie/Keresztes.pdf">”Vowel Reduction in Skolt Saami in Connected Speech” </a>by Zita McRobbie-Utasi<br /><br /><center><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5235213669751510530" border="0" style="CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG9E_f0_F7RDzVdxhN80CJClAO_19SyPizwDG-zx7rM-hnVNoBrKhXnUq0kYfDa6W8Q2MAGKn_Xi94YDLHv1l80i_M1BwnekDxQMYiwXMQ5ffTDbJtCQrIM7Fq_D0eFNNSRL-QO8PTqKE/s200/letter+d+sami.jpg" /></center>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-6880028691674230612009-01-29T19:45:00.059+01:002012-01-17T15:45:36.041+01:00Pre - Christian Sami Religion, Shamans and Gods - Førkristen Samisk Religion, Sjamaner og Guder<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5288719907893736610" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu-ml00zqc6O2Nw9eqyiap9GeuEE8rMh_GaD6W2xjYG6cRsxYdPClJzXaPyYcI15N-IoUQ3hCCozIceHCPI61snwp0jps_yUHGMguJDMOBX6JND3B9sh5zkcEnl9hJMuTq9nej8gd47TWF/s400/n%C3%A5jd+sl%C3%A5r+p%C3%A5+trumman+1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 363px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Source:</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><a href="http://cid-26bcff88941334f6.skydrive.live.com/self.aspx/.res/26BCFF88941334F6%21142/26BCFF88941334F6%21160" target="_blank">Ellinor</a> Public Share photo. Modified photo.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">”Med trolltrumman trängde nåjden ut over sinnevärden och sökte påverka andemakterna.” (Ernst Manker, 1959). ”Using the shaman drum the Sami Noaide transcended awareness and tried to influence the spiritual-powers” (my translation). </span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5285230721724791570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDKyduV96eVZRGaMxsk219rFvm6f-yt2bb2ayaNxbepzkYhYp5_dnVnz-n61W2vwd9tVTolzA-HZj_-ZHDso96g0Ur7t6RuyTdngiVlzQ919t_jEX-wIftH_HSbYSdCGMlAZFffQq32gLi/s400/rune+bomme+wikimedia+redigert+11.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 345px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Kopi av en samisk runebomme (sjaman tromme) som engang tilhørte Anders Paulsen. Copy of a Sami shaman drum that once belonged to Anders Paulsen. Source: Wikimedia GNU by Sandivas, 2007. (Cropped and modified photo).<br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 180%;">The Sami Shaman - Den samiske sjaman</span></strong><br />
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The shaman drum in the photo was confiscated in Vadsø, Norway, (1691) by Danish-Norwegian authorities, when Anders Paulsen was accused of sorcery. Other names for Shaman drum are runebomme, sjamantromme and gievrie.<br />
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Runebommen vist på bildet over ble konfiskert i Vadsø, Norge, (1691) av dansk-norske myndigheter etter at <a href="http://www.ub.uit.no/munin/bitstream/10037/910/1/article.pdf" target="_blank">Anders Paulsen</a> hadde blitt anklaget for å utøve trolldom. Andre navn på Runebomme er sjamantromme og gievrie.<br />
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Du kan lese mer om Samisk sjamanisme og runebommen til Anders Paulsen her: <a href="http://runeberg.org/display.pl?mode=facsimile&work=lapptrumm&page=0137" target="_blank">Om Anders Paulsen og hans tromme</a>, tekst fra "Lapptrummor och Runmagi" av Sigurd Agrell (1934).<br />
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<strong></strong><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5284331849368919794" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5dkC6EcTZ7Izu5cmNOvgMuWpnssfhKS4D19rle6OHi_y7EWhoumfDwVBgyqQC8hMeGgh7HUabP46PDdwJoYxi9grNBP_uByYHBj-nxaYb7OnNqnU7zC_DTnHRoCcImlTgu6eYsmucRQSa/s400/Sami_shamanic_drum+by+Zouavman+Le+Zouave+wikimedia+creative+commons.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 300px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Sami Shamanic Drum with a sun cross in the middle, photo by Zouavman Le Zouave. Samisk sjaman tromme med et solkors i midten. Source: Wikimedia creative commons.</span><br />
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Rock carvings and rock paintings indicate that Shaman practicing in the Nordic and the rest of the Saami areas go back to the Neolithic period and even further. Many different figures are connected to rock paintings that are interpreted as Shaman-related e.g. sticks, curved (likely boats or antlers) and zigzag shaped figures, animals as birds, elks, fish and snakes (Source: <a href="http://koti.welho.com/alahelm2/nar.pdf" target="_blank">Lahelma, A. 2005</a>).<br />
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Helleristninger og tegninger på stein gir indikasjoner på at sjamanpraksis går tilbake til neolittisk tid og muligens ennå lengre tilbake i Norden og hele det samiske området. Mange ulike figurer er tolket som sjamansrelaterte, for eksempel pinner, kurveform (muligens båter eller gevir) og sikksakk formede figurer, dyr slik som fugler, elg, fisk eller slanger (kilde: <a href="http://koti.welho.com/alahelm2/nar.pdf" target="_blank">Lahelma, A. 2005</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJUpBT3lgqqM9fnSUycSYCozpyqG3VBTMcLPddBxBDZc7hHzYHc3wriWIIjQl5bjph0rkcbaapCMhjN-q35GtWZS6Bni7YdA-C7O_7skRcU4HzzERvs7LIwj3U65QnM1uvLIB4LGQ-CFRE/s1600-h/Shaman+hammer+sm+historisk+museum+oslo.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5291855411633406738" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJUpBT3lgqqM9fnSUycSYCozpyqG3VBTMcLPddBxBDZc7hHzYHc3wriWIIjQl5bjph0rkcbaapCMhjN-q35GtWZS6Bni7YdA-C7O_7skRcU4HzzERvs7LIwj3U65QnM1uvLIB4LGQ-CFRE/s320/Shaman+hammer+sm+historisk+museum+oslo.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 320px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 290px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">An about 800 years old Sami Shaman hammer found at Nordset, Rendalen in Southern Norway and exhibited at Historical Museum in Oslo. En omtrent 800 år gammel Samisk sjaman hammer funnet på Nordset, Rendalen i Sør-Norge, utstilt på Historisk Museum i Oslo. Les mer <a href="http://www.duo.uio.no/sok/work.html?WORKID=70659" target="_blank">Bergstøl </a>(2008).<br />
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<center style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 180%;"><a href="http://old.no/samidrum/hist-norw.html" target="_blank">Sámi Shamanism in Historia Norwegiae</a></span></center><br />
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Read about Sami shaman practice in the URL over. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Norwegie" target="_blank">Historia Norwegiæ</a> dated to about 1150-1200 CE (Ekrem et.al. 2003). Clive Tolley have discussed the description of Saami Shaman Practice in his work: <a href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/medieval.www/sagaconf/tolley.htm" target="_blank">The Historia Norwegiae as a Shamanistic Source</a> by Clive Tolley.<br />
Les om samisk sjamanpraksis i lenken over. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Norwegie" target="_blank">Historia Norwegiæ</a> er datert til ca. 1150-1200 CE (Ekrem et.al. 2003). Clive Tolley har diskutert beskrivelsen gjort av samisk sjamanpraksis i følgende artikkel: <a href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/medieval.www/sagaconf/tolley.htm" target="_blank">The Historia Norwegiae as a Shamanistic Source</a> av Clive Tolley.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293752004864438130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWmqlDlBK23awXMUFFNHnIeVD383PSJY7jbJjepnhSTMauyOw6MmA_0V5YTcft5GkY0rcjpmWwDNILtUPQMvlgpauf8Z3chWk8wY6h9_nO0QrTIb_E4wbY7nq98oYk1woWXmJIbvhzKylj/s400/hekser4.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 241px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 350px;" /> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Saami shaman in Lule Lappmark (Sweden) with drum and one one the ground in trance. Engraving by Rheen, 1671. Samisk sjaman i Lule Lappmark (Sverige) med tromme og en som ligger i transe. Source: <a href="http://www.ub.uit.no/utstilling/hekser/utst1.htm" target="_blank">Universitet i Trømsø: Hekser i Nord</a>.<br />
This picture reflects how the Christians at that time projected their beliefs in the devil (ref. symbolised by the figures with tails and bat wings) on to the Saami shaman practice. This was unlikely the Saami perception of the Shaman. Dette bildet reflekterer hvordan datidens kristne projiserte sin egen religiøse tro på djevelen (ref. symbolisert av figurene med hale og flaggermusvinger) på den samiske sjaman praksis. Samene erfarte ganske sikkert ikke sjamanen på en slik måte.</span><br />
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In spite of variations the Sami shaman is according to Clive Tolley organizing the course of a ritual séance to follow a somewhat predicable pattern. Bäckman, Louise, and Åke Hultkrantz (1978) have described this séance in 12 steps were the Shaman use the drum, toxins and joik to enter a state of trance from were he would enter different destinations. Such supernatural places are called Saiva, places where information can be gathered. Such Saiva places is described as e.g. far away places, the land of the dead or sick souls and heaven.<br />
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“Besides the kingdom of the dead there was a happy world, Saivo which would be the Lapp equivalent of Paradise”(end of quote from Vorren and Manker, Oxford, 1962)<br />
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Selv om det forekommer variasjoner så vil den samiske sjamanen ifølge Clive Tolley organisere en rituell seanse etter et ganske forutsigbart mønster. Bäckman, Louise, and Åke Hultkrantz (1978) beskrev denne seansen i 12 steg hvor sjamanen bruker trommen, rus og joik for å komme i en transetilstand slik at han kan nå ulike overnaturlige destinasjoner. Disse overnaturlige plassene kalles Saiva, hvor ulik informasjon kan samles inn. Slike Saivaplasser er for eksempel beskrevet som steder langt borte, i dødsriket, stedet for syke sjeler og himmelen.<br />
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“I tillegg til dødsriket fantes det en verden av lykke, Saivo, som kan sies å være lik paradis”(Vorren and Manker, Oxford, 1962).<br />
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<a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/518579/saivo" target="_blank">Saivo</a> is in this world sacred empowering places for the shaman (Encyclopædia Britannica)(such as e.g. sacred stones). Saivo describes places represented spiritually as well as a place were the dead goes.<br />
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<a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/518579/saivo" target="_blank">Saivo</a> er i denne verden hellige steder (Encyclopædia Britannica) (slike som eksempelvis hellige steiner) hvor sjamanen henter styrke. Saivo betegner også åndelig representerte steder samt et sted hvor de døde drar.<br />
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To accomplish the journey during a seance the shaman use helping spirits (<a href="http://saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=77&vuolitsladja=88&giella1=nor" target="_blank">sáivugázzi, saivogadze</a>) to reach different Saiva levels. For å gjennomføre sin reise under seansen bruker sjamanen hjelper-ånder (<a href="http://saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=77&vuolitsladja=88&giella1=nor" target="_blank">sáivugázzi, saivogadze</a>) for å nå ulike Saiva nivå:<br />
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<span style="color: #ff99ff; font-weight: bold;">Saiva sarva (sarvo)</span> – a Saiva-deer representing a spiritual support assistant (alter ego). Et Saiva-dyr som representer en åndelig støttende assistent (alter ego).<br />
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<center><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293751813370862594" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpGXXlwxik69G8GPwdvnFOUQ_yWuQ7OIzH0iDiGFQ4mf0HmHz7Moe9TfatFoaQzEMuZ5eVV3RP4IXJONlXBBRI1VasP84tp1w5gjr-ZtTaIk9NMrgxxebVp9aCJVjLEWrih1USNgtzPbJQ/s400/fallen+human+and+snake.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 104px; width: 122px;" /><br />
<span style="font-size: 78%;">Human and snake lie on the ground. Rock painting from Finland.<br />
Photo from fig. 3, Lahelma(2005).</span><span style="color: #ff99ff; font-weight: bold;"></span></center><br />
<span style="color: #ff99ff; font-weight: bold;">Saiva guelie (guolle)</span> – a Saiva-fish or Saiva-snake to reach the underworld and travel back again. En Saiva-fisk eller Saiva-slange for å komme til og fra underverden.<br />
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Saiva leddie (loddle)</span> – a Saiva-bird to the upper world and back again. En Saiva-fugl for å komme til og fra oververden. Sources: A. Lahelma (2005) and Tolley.<br />
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Tolley refers to Kildal (1807) who describes how the helper spirits will support the shaman to intervene, for instance how Saiva guilie would fight the dead to free the soul of a sick and in some cases steal the soul and in addition guarding the shaman through the state of trance.<br />
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Tolley referrer til Kildal (1807) som beskriver hvordan hjelperåndene vil støtte sjamanens intervensjon, hvordan eksempelvis Saiva guilie vil sloss mot de døde for å frigi sjelen til en syk person og i noen tilfeller stjele sjelen i tillegg til å beskytte sjamanen gjennom hele transe-tilstanden.<br />
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<center><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5302506818443042402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKRIRKOA0wgA0XRyhx-Mtcr_ySUb2U2qPHPc6joW3OxXU39tn2NvFQBhlS0lJo25A0vAoNORo440RyDGbhoi7YjnhuU2mggoWeEyRWeos9rS-0T950mxoRwwVePwYwPjWHjmSS0wHK3n4/s400/shaman+drum+Johannes_Scheffer+1774+letters.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 327px;" /><a href="http://www.kb.se/F1700/Lapland/Lapland.htm" target="_blank">Credits to Kungliga biblioteket, Sweden</a></center><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">A) Thor B) Thors servant. Thors tjener. C) Storjunkaren D) His servant Hans tjener. E) Birds. Fugler. F) Stars. Stjerner. G) Christ. Kristus. H) His Apostels. Hans apostler. I) Bear. Bjørn. K) Wolf. Ulv. L) Reindeer. Reinsdyr. M) Ox. Okse. N) The Sun. Solen. O) Lake. Innsjø. P) Fox. Rev. Q) Squirrel. Ekorn. R) Serpent. Slange. (Scheffer, 1774 chapter 11).</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">Question / Spørsmål:<br />
On this drum Storjunkaren and Christ are included as religious symbols. Is it possible that both deities were introduced to the Saami with two different influencing belief systems? The first with the ancient Goths a few hundred years before Common Era and the other one with Christianity that likely was introduced to the Sami people about 1277 CE during the reign of Magnus Lagabøte [Ref. Scheffer; Jacob Ziegler (1470-1549)]. This date mentioned in Scheffer's Lapponica show that there are different views about when Christianity first was introduced to the Sami. På denne trommen er Storjunkaren og Kristus inkludert som religiøse symboler. Kan det være så at begge guddommer ble innført til samene med to ulike trossystem? Den ene med de første Götene (Goths) noen hundre år før vanlig tidsregning og den andre med kristendommen ca. 1277 CE på Magnus Lagabøtes tid [Ref. Scheffer; Jacob Ziegler (1470-1549)]. Denne datoen som nevnes i Scheffers Lapponica viser at det er ulike syn på når kristendommen først ble introdusert for samene. </span><br />
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<center><object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab" height="325" id="flashvideo" width="400"> <param name="movie" value="http://ndla.no/sites/default/files/Player.swf" /><param name="FlashVars" value="file=samisk_magi_historien_om_norge_11_nrk_119427.flv&image=http://ndla.no/sites/default/files/video/converted/samisk_magi_historien_om_norge_11_nrk_119427.jpg&rotatetime=3&autostart=false&streamer=rtmp://stream.ndla.no/streamingvideo/" /><param name="quality" value="high" /><param name="wmode" value="transparent" /><embed name="flashvideo" allowScriptAccess="always" src="http://ndla.no/sites/default/files/Player.swf" width="400" height="325" border="0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" wmode="transparent" quality="high" flashvars="file=samisk_magi_historien_om_norge_11_nrk_119427.flv&image=http://ndla.no/sites/default/files/video/converted/samisk_magi_historien_om_norge_11_nrk_119427.jpg&rotatetime=3&autostart=false&streamer=rtmp://stream.ndla.no/streamingvideo/" /> </embed></object></center> Video about Sami religion. Video om samisk religion: <a href="http://ndla.no/nn/node/45076" target="_blank">Samisk religion</a><br />
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You can read more in the following book about Sami religion and Cosmology: "<a href="http://www.nb.no/utlevering/contentview.jsf?sesamid=c2842d2f4402b549ba137e3eb96cf7d0&struct=DIVP4" target="_blank">Samenes historie frem til 1750</a>" by Lars Ivar Hansen and Bjørnar Olsen (2004), the text is in Norwegian. Du kan lese mer i den nettopp nevnte boken som også omhandler samisk religion og kosmologi. Klikk på bildene.<br />
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<center><a href="http://www.nb.no/utlevering/contentview.jsf?sesamid=c2842d2f4402b549ba137e3eb96cf7d0&struct=DIVP217" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308963209268438034" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi42c_Wa52cxMp1eqXX7pqzo_91gv8SiWyc-XGXFDUPnvjqh-KOHw7HzVPVkZy12EVxZxWi4IJL6BDUNhhZ3wJbI7LtCD5uLnGHhEa5CWhUjOS1PJ9ZLAREDL7p6C_i3RfDBxuBeDmBOv0/s200/kulturm%C3%B8te,+finnekonger+og+religion+fra+samenes+historie+2004.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 200px; width: 134px;" /></a> <a href="http://www.nb.no/utlevering/contentview.jsf?sesamid=c2842d2f4402b549ba137e3eb96cf7d0&struct=DIVP341" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308963535598256290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg84Wx8kXHp_PEL0MBmi07PooIjwPgf6pMIZiZhkfQXFNg68DWKtd0kOimElCDhqFT-r9e2fpWGcX_ol0XhY6HMt4EIr_8FUu3zmAOneCkziacZTvbZOJ5Cjv0JE7C970nm7GBX-Wzq0Wo/s200/nedtegnelser+av+samisk+religion+samenes+historie+2004.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 200px; width: 134px;" /></a></center>Credits to <a href="http://www.nb.no/" target="_blank">Nasjonalbiblioteket</a> (The National Library of Norway).<br />
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Many different religious figures are represented with symbols on the shaman drums, and when the Shaman is drumming the pointer will show the way. The shaman observes the relational constellations of the different religious symbols as indicated by the pointer. All symbols represents a certain meaning within Sami mythology. Vorren and Manker (1962) have described several of these ancient religious deities and here are named a few of them.<br />
Mange forskjellige religiøse figurer er representert med symboler på sjamantrommene, og når sjamanen trommer så vil pekeren eller trommeviseren vise vei. Sjamanen observerer de relasjonelle konstellasjonene mellom de ulike religiøse symbolene som indikert av trommeviseren. Symbolene har alle en bestemt mening innen samisk mytologi. Vorren og Manker (1962) har beskrevet flere av disse religiøse guddommer og her nevner jeg noen av dem:<br />
Tiermes (Thor), Storjunkaren, the Sun (Solen), Sarakka (spinning woman. spinnende kvinne), Juksakka (bow woman. bue kvinne), Uksakka (door-woman. dør-kvinne), Madderakka (woman creator. kvinne skaper), Aske (Mano = Moon = Månen), Væraldenolmai, Rananeida, Tjasolmai, Radien-kiedde (Tjorve-radien: had reindeer horn over his head/ hadde reinsdyr horn over sitt hode), Påssjo-akko (permitted shooting. tillot skyting), Gieddegæsj-galgo (guarded the borders of the camp. voktet grensene til leiren) and/og Rota. Radien-atye (father) often dominates the Swedish shaman drums with his family: Radien-akka (wife) and Radien-pardne (son). Radien-atye (far) dominerer ofte svenske sjaman trommer med sin familie: Radien-akka (kone) og Radien-pardne (sønn).<br />
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<center><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5296523276222244786" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX3pfWIb-jxcNGAISmw3Y0xBez9xL8lxVG3lOQkV_nnMGwW4cosPpDj3DWOT62yUfzrvSHwd7MAk_SDHwahXT139DmQ4Gut-vBLQJzdDUja8pkywiBw9jnrG5RGUE6cFG9WS8kSMPdobbn/s200/scheffer+drumstick+1774.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 174px; width: 200px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"><br />
Shaman Pointer, Hammer and Brass Ring from Scheffer, 1774:<br />
<a href="http://www.kb.se/F1700/Lapland/Lapland.htm" target="_blank">Credits to Kungliga biblioteket, Sweden</a></span></center><br />
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<center> <a href="http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/92034/05C938D4D8A9386272E715AB025B48AED36AED97.html?utm_source=embed&utm_medium=portal&utm_campaign=embed%20function" target="_blank" title="Postuur van een Laplander zoo als hy met de tover-trommel ter aarde legt"><img alt="Postuur van een Laplander zoo als hy met de tover-trommel ter aarde legt" src="http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/92034/05C938D4D8A9386272E715AB025B48AED36AED97.png?lines=2&color=DarkCyan&orientation=portrait&lang=en&referral=embed" /></a> <a href="http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/92034/D3EB11E9D050A31E03B3DE55BAB01BDD48006AE4.html?utm_source=embed&utm_medium=portal&utm_campaign=embed%20function" target="_blank" title="Waaragtige en aanmerkenswaardige historie van Lapland en Finland"><img alt="Waaragtige en aanmerkenswaardige historie van Lapland en Finland" src="http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/92034/D3EB11E9D050A31E03B3DE55BAB01BDD48006AE4.png?lines=2&color=DarkCyan&orientation=portrait&lang=en&referral=embed" /></a><br />
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<small>These photos are shared via Europeana Cultural share. The first is of a Sami priest in trance, engraving and the next photo is of a Sami priest with a horned hat. Engravings made by Luyken, Jan (1649-1712), the engraving was produced in 1682. Det første bildet er av en Noaide prest i transe, laget av Jan Luyken i 1682. Det neste bildet viser en Noaide prest med en spesiell hatt med horn. Bildet er laget av Jan Luyken i 1682.</small><br />
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<center><a href="http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/09435/D2C3E8A0A6FA931B03AB714F63DA43BCE0A87E00.html?utm_source=embed&utm_medium=portal&utm_campaign=embed%20function" target="_blank" title="Tegning av sjamankjede"><img alt="Tegning av sjamankjede" src="http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/09435/D2C3E8A0A6FA931B03AB714F63DA43BCE0A87E00.png?lines=2&color=DarkCyan&orientation=portrait&lang=en&referral=embed" /></a></center> <small>Sami Noita Priest Chain. This drawing of a neck-chain shared by Europeana cultural collections. Halsekjedet til en samisk Noaide prest. Dette er en tegning av sjamankjede. Fra Chapell Brooke: A Winter in Lapland and Sweden.</small><br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Video from Lappland in Finland - Video fra finsk Lappland </span></span><br />
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<center>Sompio - Life in Lapland 1962</center><br />
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Dette er en video fra 1962 om finsk Lappland med tekst laget av det Nasjonale Museum i Finland. Det blir fortalt at folk fra sørlige Finland fikk tillatelse til å flytte til Lappland etter at de eldgamle beskyttende lovene ble avskrevet i det 17ende århundret og blodet mellom samene og folkene fra sør ble blandet. Fire landsbyer i reinsdyras og samenes land er ennå igjen. Dette var også hjemlandet til de eldgamle gudene som våre forfedre ofret til og i Hietaoja-brook kan man kan finne graven til den kjente sjamanen Akmeel. Det er sagt at sjamanen Akmeel reiste rundt i Lappland i mange former: for eksempel som fisk, fugl, og vind.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsED5EyDc7g5C4tZbODjE8F-Qj_YCyY5PX-UIjHV6duRFc8toASN6Tih7froST6kvNc8oYkSZaItFNMGMuRe_Bzlro9yKaoilxzcHiMk579ix3Z4dA_AUslZQ3TOYwk-OEPfdHvWrWYb1O/s1600-h/M%C3%A4nniskor+i+norr+-+Finnar+och+samer+i+Sodankyl%C3%A4,+Finland,+1914.+FotoToivo+Immanuel+Itkonen.+museiverkets+bildarkiv+1.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5295048975759757138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsED5EyDc7g5C4tZbODjE8F-Qj_YCyY5PX-UIjHV6duRFc8toASN6Tih7froST6kvNc8oYkSZaItFNMGMuRe_Bzlro9yKaoilxzcHiMk579ix3Z4dA_AUslZQ3TOYwk-OEPfdHvWrWYb1O/s400/M%C3%A4nniskor+i+norr+-+Finnar+och+samer+i+Sodankyl%C3%A4,+Finland,+1914.+FotoToivo+Immanuel+Itkonen.+museiverkets+bildarkiv+1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 285px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"> Foto: Toivo Immanuel Itkonen. Museiverkets bildarkiv Helsingfors. Press photo from <a href="http://www.murberget.se/press.aspx?id=159&aid=165" target="_blank">Murberget, Länsmuseet i Västernorrland</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">An Exhibit by Murberget Museum in Sweden. </span><br />
Länsmuseet Västernorrland has made an exhibit about prejudiced pictures of the Sami people and this photo is part of this exhibit. A Saami family with traditional costumes and a group of road workers in Sodankylä, Finland.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">En utstilling av Murberget Museum, Sverige.</span><br />
Länsmuseet Västernorrland har laget utstillinger om fordomsfulle bilder av samer, dette er et av fotoene som inngår i denne utstillingen. En samisk familie med tradisjonelle drakter og en gruppe finske veiarbeidere fotografert i Iisakki Hettas storstuge, Sodankylä, Finnland i 1914.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5295050142652052530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxXCtI6DwkubU7xRE9Eud_WBG6aNNrDwKVuJMSSCSg56jbGzbCLAJ4g1SkuHRj-R1ZRvo_Yx-VyFaiCxsvlXEcNqZ7VF7jCojoaWFmwPVU_Tsc7oZ1IpkRCOL8MtLX-Ov6mvIxQ7hMRENw/s400/M%C3%A4nniskor+i+norr+-+Finnar+och+samer+i+Sodankyl%C3%A4,+Finland,+1914.+FotoToivo+Immanuel+Itkonen.+museiverkets+bildarkiv+2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 355px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> The same photo as over, cropped.</span><br />
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This is a video from 1962 about Finnish Lappland with text from the National Museum of Finland: It is told that the people southern Finland were allowed to move to the previously protected areas of Lapland when the ancient protective laws were abolished in the 17th century and blood of the Sami and the southern peoples were mixed. Four villages are still left in the land of the reindeer and the Sami. This was also the home of the ancient Gods to whom our ancestors sacrificed and in Hietaoja-brook one can find the grave of the famous shaman Akmeel. Akmeel is said to have traveled around in Lapland in many forms: for example as fish, bird and breeze.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5284325618355796450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKiALkdQKshC7whnZvgbUiqAc3AsaX0mGRYxQllxCTi54LLAX_pYlti2f_wgPZJc-uJ437DMA2nhLjtKquX6rU7ymlBeMGzWIts064JMR6rbIYbMNR9KN2AjSWtxVWCWb382l3MZG6bUoi/s400/arctic+religion+people+praying+around+the+pole+of+animal+bones+burnt+offerings+can+be+seen+-+moon,+sun,+fish+and+animals.jpg" style="display: block; height: 254px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Source: Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus. Olaus Magnus, 1555. People in Arctic Scandinavia praying around a religious pole. Animal bones of burnt offerings, the moon and the sun, fish and animals is pictured. It seems like it is the oldest religion of the Sami people that are reflected in the picture, the one that is related to the same belief system as shamanism. Folk i arktisk Skandinavia ber til en religiøs påle. Brente bein etter offerdyr, samt månen, solen, fisk og dyr er inkludert i illustrasjonen. Dette ser ut til å være en illustrasjon som reflekterer den eldste religionen til samene, den som var knyttet til samme trossystem som sjamanismen. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Two holy Stones: An Old Belief System and a Newer Belief System? To hellige steiner: Et gammelt trossystem og et nyere trossystem?</span></span><br />
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<center><a href="http://www.nb.no/nbvev/eksternvev/assets/images/chatelain1.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287241778877122610" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYfjRkaXzd5wa6VW0y2kFQl6jDTL7NzMLvRR3bLWM_ElRqRFYhjGpjcRnqtKXLAKyorWBMLhwAsJJKfPdyGO0OaFBxYmBkoTF3W08Dyord-d0LzCgBNXN3M4349OIRxOuEEYz0FhQak0o3/s400/chatelain+used+with+permission+nasjonalbiblioteket.jpg" style="height: 400px; width: 239px;" /></a></center><span style="font-size: 78%;">These copper engravings illustrates a few objects related to early Sami Pre-Christian Religious practices, the illustration is published by Henry A. Chatelain about 1714: "Representations des Lapons". Disse kopperstikkene viser noen få gjenstander knyttet til tidlig førkristen religiøs praksis hos samene, illustrasjonen er publisert omtrent 1714. Credits to: </span><a href="http://www.nb.no/nbvev/eksternvev/html/arkiv1_nytt_billedsaml.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 78%;">Billedsamlingen Nasjonalbiblioteket Norge</span></a><span style="font-size: 78%;"> Brukt med tillatelse / Used with permission.</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Click the picture / Klikk på bildet.</span><br />
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I have made this slideshow about holy or sacred stones found in Norway, these stones have some similarity to the stones worshipped by the Saami (ref. illustration over). The two stone statues in the slideshow are dated to pre-Christian time about 200-600 CE.<br />
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Jeg har laget dette lysbildeshowet om to hellige steiner som er funnet i Norge, disse likner noe på steinene som samene tilba (refererer til illustrasjonen over). De to steinstatuene i lysbildeshowet er datert til førkristen tid, omtrent 200-600 CE (vanlig tidsregning - "Common Era).<br />
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<center><object allownetworking="all" allowscriptaccess="always" base="http://www.slideroll.com" data="http://www.slideroll.com/player.swf?s=0q08f630&nocache=1&nologo=0" height="400" id="slideshow" salign="tl" scale="noscale" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="260" wmode="transparent"> <!-- embedded thumbnail --> <a href="http://slideroll.com/?s=0q08f630" target="_blank"><img src="http://slideroll.com/users/group263/user263202_20070808143713/thumbs/proj294199.jpg" alt="Sacred Stone Statues, Norway" /> View Photo Slideshow</a> <!-- end thumbnail --> </object></center><br />
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">References - Referanser:</span></span><br />
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<a href="http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-vii.html" target="_blank">Text about Sami Religion from Lapponia by Scheffer, 1774</a><br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">"Lapp Life and Customs: A Survey” by Ørnulv Vorren and Ernst Manker, Oxford, 1962<br />
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"Historia Norwegie" edited by Inger Ekrem and Lars Boie Mortensen. Translated by Peter Fisher. Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen, 2003.<br />
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<a href="http://old.no/samidrum/hist-norw.html" target="_blank">Sámi drums in Historia Norwegiae</a><br />
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"<a href="https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/36402/atouchof.pdf?sequence=1" target="_blank">Archaeological and Ethnographic Approaches to Interpreting Finnish Rock Paintings</a>" by Antti Lahelma (2008)<br />
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“<a href="http://koti.welho.com/alahelm2/nar.pdf" target="_blank">Between the Worlds: Rock Art, Landscape and Shamanism in Subneolithic Finland</a>” by Lahelma<br />
(2005). Norwegian Archaeological Review 38 (1): 29-47.<br />
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<a href="http://www.diva-portal.org/umu/theses/abstract.xsql?dbid=962" target="_blank">Förfädernas land: en arkeologisk studie av rituella lämningar i Sápmi, 300 f. Kr-1600 e. Kr</a> av Birgitta Fossum (2007)<br />
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_religion" target="_blank">Sami shamanism</a><br />
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_carvings_at_Alta" target="_blank">Rock Carvings in Alta, Norway</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_image.aspx?image=mm042739.jpg&retpage=16057" target="_blank">Front Sami Shaman drum</a> Fronten på samisk sjaman tromme. Source: British Museum.<br />
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<a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_image.aspx?image=mm042740.jpg&retpage=16057" target="_blank">Base of Sami Shaman drum </a>Bunnen på en samisk sjaman tromme. Source: British Museum<br />
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<a href="http://www.uta.fi/laitokset/historia/noitanetti/shaman.html" target="_blank">The Shaman’s Journey to the underworld </a>by Marko Nenonen<br />
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<a href="http://www.kenaz.ca/Documents/Ebooks/EBooks/Price-ArchaeologySeidr.pdf" target="_blank">The Archaeology of Seidr: Circumpolar Traditions in Viking Pre-Christian Religion</a> by Dr. Neil Price (2004).<br />
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<a href="http://fuv.hivolda.no/prosjekt/johanag/runebommen,forskjellige%20trommetyper,s.3.htm" target="_blank">Sjamantrommen</a><br />
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<a href="http://old.no/samidrum/" target="_blank">Sámi drums</a> Kommentar: Det er funnet samiske runebommer i Sør-Norge (Sør-samiske sjamantrommer) i de seneste år. Comment: Sami Shaman drums have been found in Southern Norway. <a href="http://www.ub.uit.no/munin/bitstream/10037/95/1/thesis.pdf" target="_blank">her ser du kart over slike funn av Gievrieh i Ytre Namdal</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.nordic-life.org/nmh/scheffer-religion-en.htm" target="_blank">Extracts of John Scheffer, History of Lapland</a><br />
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<a href="http://home.hib.no/mediesenter/asgard2003/finsk.htm" target="_blank">Finsk og samisk mytologi</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=88&giella1=nor" target="_blank">Sáivu</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.saltenmuseum.no/content/view/124/1/" target="_blank">Salten Museum:Gudene</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.vbm.se/avdelningar/samiska-kulturarv/trumman-and-najden.html" target="_blank">Trumman och nåjden</a><br />
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<a href="http://runeberg.org/lapptrumm/0001.html" target="_blank">Lapptrummor och Runmagi</a> av Sigurd Agrell, 1826<br />
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<a href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/giella/music/tyven.htm" target="_blank">When the Thieves Became Masters in the Land of the Shamans</a> by Gaski and Weinstock. University of Texas<br />
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<a href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/giella/music/noaidi.htm" target="_blank">Sámi Drums – Then and Now</a> By Gusto (Ken Emerson Jr.) University of Texas<br />
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<a href="http://www.arild-hauge.com/hvitestener.htm" target="_blank">Hellige hvite steiner – fallossteiner</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.verasir.dk/show.php?file=chap32-3.html" target="_blank">Runebomme</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/nor/myths09.htm" target="_blank">Forestillinger om samisk trolldomskunst</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.apollon.uio.no/vis/art/2008_1/Artikler/elgsamer" target="_blank">Elgsamer i Østerdalen for 2500 år siden</a> I denne artikkelen kan du se en sjaman hammer som er tolket som en hybrid mellom samisk og norsk kultur i Østerdalen. Det er også funnet et skjellett fra ca. år 500 ved en samisk boplass. In this article a researcher tells about archaeological findings of Elk (Moose) hunting Sami in Østerdalen, in southeastern Norway. A photo shows a shaman hammer that is interpreted as a hybrid between Norse and Sami culture in Østerdalen. There is found a skeleton from about year 500 in connection to the Sami settlement site.<br />
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Blain, J. & Wallis, R J. 2000. The ‘ergi’ seidman: contestations of gender, shamanism and sexuality in northern religion past and present. Journal of Contemporary Religion 15(3): 395-411.<br />
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<a href="http://uit.no/getfile.php?PageId=977&FileId=183#search=%22Juha%20Pentik%C3%A4inen%20grammar%20of%20mind%22" target="_blank">THE NATIVE POET AS SHAMAN</a> by Kathleen Osgood Dana<br />
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<a href="http://www.sacredsites.org.uk/papers/Blain_J-perm.pdf" target="_blank">Shamans, stones, authenticity and appropriation:contestations of invention and meaning</a> by Jenny Blain<br />
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<a href="http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/16431" target="_blank">Shamanism</a> Словари и энциклопедии на Академике<br />
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Norwegie" target="_blank">Historia Norwegiæ</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.siberian-studies.org/publications/PDF/kasten1989.pdf" target="_blank">Sami Shamanism from a Diachronic Point of View</a> by Erich Kasten, 1989<br />
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<a href="http://www.catshamans.se/essae/0kri3.htm" target="_blank">Kritik troll, shaman, trolltrumma</a> av Bengt Hemtun.<br />
Min kommentar: Jeg er enig, "Trollet sitter i vissa betraktares öga". I Mankers (1956) utgivelse av boken ”Lappland” av Johannes Schefferus (oversatt av Henrik Sundin) så er ”demons” (eng. utgave fra 1774) oversatt som ”troll”. Side 130 refererer til en tekst av Samuel Rheen om guden Thor: ”Thordöns ämbete håøøa the wara, att döda och dräpa alla troll”. Det er fra denne teksten klart at det ikke kan være en parallell mellom samene og hva som betegnes som ”troll”. Troll blir sett på noen overnaturlige vesen som kan forstyrre hverdagen for samene for eksempel jakt og fiske. Thor eller Tiermes hadde ulike metoder for å drepe disse ”troll”. Hvorfor svenskene benevner samiske religiøse gjenstander med prefiks som ”troll” (trolltrumma, trollmössa, etc.) skyldes enten uvitenhet eller kan være rester av kristen og statsmaktspropaganda mot det samiske, den har jo vært omfattede og langvarig.<br />
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<a href="http://catshaman.com/essays/0crit3.htm" target="_blank">Critic shaman, noide, magic drum</a> by Bengt Hemtun<br />
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<a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?artihkkal=379&giella1=nor" target="_blank">Religion: Jubmel og Berkel</a><br />
<a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=88&giella1=nor" target="_blank"> Sáivu</a><br />
<a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=88&giella1=eng" target="_blank"> Sáivu </a> (in English)<br />
<a href="http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?giella1=eng" target="_blank">Sami faith and mythology</a><br />
<a href="http://www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_nbn_se_hig_diva-448-1__fulltext.pdf" target="_blank">Offer och offrande i samernas religion</a><br />
<a href="http://www.skepsis.no/konspirasjonstenkning/trollheksenes_djevelarbeid_kvi.html" target="_blank">Trollheksenes djevelarbeid. Kvinneskjebner fra hekseforfølgelsens tidsalder i nord </a><br />
<a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/kultur/2001/04/11/252241.html" target="_blank">Trollkvinnenes hemmelige rike</a><br />
<a href="http://www.dfg-sachsen.de/DFG_Leipzig_4.htm" target="_blank">„Begegnungen besonderer Art“ by Armin Krause, Leipzig </a><br />
<a href="http://www.love.is/roald/kildeskrifter.html" target="_blank">Kildeskrifter og kildekritikk</a><br />
<a href="http://www.love.is/roald/samiskreligion.htm" target="_blank">Samisk religion : En kortfattet oversikt</a><br />
<a href="http://uit.no/religion/5679/16" target="_blank">Litteratur til fordypning i samisk religion</a><br />
<a href="http://www.student.uit.no/~fkolnes/Mitt%20Sted/Mastergradsprosjekt_files/Mitt%20Mastergradsprosjekt.pdf" target="_blank">Hva kan boken Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper, både boken i seg selv og dens tilblivelseshistorie, fortelle oss om 1700-tallets syn på trolldom i Danmark-Norge?</a><br />
<a href="http://www.samemisjonen.no/t3/index.php?id=54" target="_blank">Norges Samemisjon - en kortfattet historisk oversikt</a><br />
<a href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/siida/christian/laest.htm" target="_blank">Christianity in Sápmi - University of Texas</a><br />
<a href="http://www.nordic-life.org/nmh/scheffer-religion-en.htm" target="_blank">Lapponia (1663): History of Lapland, its description, the origin, manners, the manner of living of its Inhabitants, their Religion, their Magic and... </a><br />
<a href="http://www.nb.no/nbvev/eksternvev/assets/images/chatelain1.jpg" target="_blank">Saami Pagan Religion immortalised by Henry A. Chatelain (1684-1743):"Representations des Lapons" Paris about 1714</a><br />
<a href="http://iota.hifm.no/phf/kunstfag/khweb/edny/edny.html" target="_blank">Samisk førkristen religion</a><br />
<a href="http://fuv.hivolda.no/prosjekt/johanag/" target="_blank">Samisk Mytologi og sjamanen</a><br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n9qd5yT7VU" target="_blank">About Saami religion (Youtube Video language Saami)</a><br />
<a href="http://heninen.net/vottovaara/english.htm" target="_blank">Vottovaara - Saami worship complex in Karelia - Russia</a><br />
<a href="http://heninen.net/seid/english.htm" target="_blank">Saami Sacred Stones in Karelia</a><br />
<a href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/medieval.www/sagaconf/tolley.htm" target="_blank">The Historia Norwegiae as a Shamanic Source</a><br />
<a href="http://www.thetroth.org/resources/jenny/nfldpaper.html" target="_blank">“The seið-workers of the sagas were, in contrast, generally female and we have speculated that there may be a connection with Norse women training as 'assistants' to Sámi, but practising in their own right and their own way (Blain and Wallis, 2000).”</a><br />
<a href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/giella/music/noaidi.htm" target="_blank">Sámi Drums – Then and Now</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ub.uit.no/munin/bitstream/10037/910/1/article.pdf" target="_blank">Trolldomsprosessen mot samen Anders Poulsen i 1692 </a><br />
<a href="http://ansatte.uit.no/rha003/hagen3.htm" target="_blank">Rune Hagen hjemmeside</a> (del 2)<br />
<a href="http://old.no/samidrum/" target="_blank">Sámi drums</a><br />
The Finno-Ugric Shaman and the West European Magician - Carla Corradi Musi<br />
Sami Shamanism: Variations of a Religious Concept under the Impact of Cultural Contact - Erich Kasten<br />
<a href="http://www.heterogenesis.com/Heterogenesis-2/Textos/hsv/hnr29/Borbas.html" target="_blank">Den magiska bilden som scriptoid visualisering av ritualerna narrariva talakt</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-69034223791703671962009-01-28T04:42:00.055+01:002009-08-13T00:51:22.618+02:00Ptolemy (2nd century CE) and the travel of Gregory Istoma (1496) – Ptolemy (2. århundret e.kr.) og reisen til Gregory Istoma (1496)<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 223px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizaO15r_2TIrzvB1sUdhKo625FOk01S4YHt4QSTMRsM7zYlM7TGJ84bP-CWxImRvjeiv5j4v_g49yhwzzkp8f6clsYV_MuVJNpJ7ScaZCXpydffT3G5MwfVUuEzlXxVjCUdjBLeFwPPjBn/s400/1822+Saami+sm.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5296175687611336498" border="0" /><span style="font-size:85%;"><center>Sami family. Samisk familie. Publ:1822</center></span><br />The Prince sent in 1496 Gregory Istoma to the Court of King John of Denmark in order to acquire Latin Language. The Journey: Novgorod (Russia) - The White Sea - Finlapeia - Ditciloppi (the land of the wild Laplanders) - Trondheim - Bergen - Denmark. It is interesting to read that there were herds of reindeer in Trondheim at that time. Bergen was described as North in Norway.<br /><br />Prinsen sendte i 1496 Gregory Istoma til Danmark for å lære latin ved hoffet til Kong John av Danmark. Reisen: Novgorod (Russland) - Hvitsjøen / Kvitsjøen - Finlapeia - Ditciloppi (landet til de ville samene) - Trondheim - Bergen - Danmark. Det er interessant å lese at det var reinsdyrflokker i Trondheim på den tiden. Bergen ble beskrevet som nord i Norge.<br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMWcmxSE8B0HBnB1rOCcw6mG7-__3qMfu-NVPQw1iqTRLqikJ6OCd4jbG4brOn0MndzTykg-5HuwS5A8tkSTu8WofLCErQrJnD-3TF0Zl78G9F9MCy77lexpLkZmHxX8tFKQ0APXrey7Yn/s400/John_of_Denmark,_Norway,_and_Sweden+c+1455-+1513.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5296163731920353858" border="0" /><span style="font-size:85%;"><center>King John of Denmark (about 1455 to 1513).</center> </span><br />He told about his journey to Baron Sigismund von Herberstein: They had traveled through Novgorod in Russia to the mouths of Dvina and Potivlo where they party embarked in four boats and sailed along the right hand shore of the ocean.<br /><br />Han fortalte om sin reise til Baron Sigismund von Heberstein: De hadde reist gjennom Novgorod i Russland til munningen av Dvina og Potivlo hvor selskapet gikk om bord i fire båter og seilte langs kysten på høyre hånd.<br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 254px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdbH2bi-KKprE_GZUG6J-47DH6bfiAr9CcTEvRZb9V_uK-41ieik_HIVtrqMQ22iYF38IH-kHjV6GEu7kbblQ6N2II9p7BTc_VLMgkIIEQkAlufG4aYt7z8e85J2lH0czwJcN9i9jN4Llz/s400/Olaus_Magnus_-_On_the_Wildness+%282%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5296173089234437666" border="0" /><span style="font-size:85%;"><center>Sami men skiing. Samiske menn på ski. Publ. Olaus Magnus, 1555</center></span><br />“and after accomplishing sixteen miles and crossing a certain gulf, they sailed along the left shore. Leaving the open sea to their right, they came to the people of Finlapeia. Although these people dwell in low cottages, scattered here and there along the seacoast, and lead an almost savage life, Istoma reported, yet they are more gentle in their manners than the wild Laplanders. (end of quote)<br /><br />Etter å ha seilt seksten mil og krysset en viss bukt, seilte de videre langs kysten på venstre hand. Når de seilte fra det åpne hav på sin høyre side, kom de til Finlapeia folket. Selv om disse folkene bodde i lave hytter som var spredt her og der langs kysten, og nesten levde et usivilisert liv, rapporterte Istoma at de likevel er vennligere i sin væremåte enn de ville Laplanders.<br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 243px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3q0M1ioPL_XPfjgjYSDkgBF0K9lyKrBYyvFDcsLbzilq_hWqybVZSda8QTULNLCJOLsAPwdoTd9aN_sNacYvc4cO-pNowXc_e2n72HX0RgAww8bnxWMGgHzlUHUfXTElPY-DWnqx3kBl_/s400/Olaus_Magnus_-_On_the_Wildness.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5296172728167766946" border="0" /><span style="font-size:85%;"><center>The wildness of the Dwellers. Villskapen til beboerne. Olaus Magnus, 1555.</center> </span><br />“He stated that they were tributary to the Prince of Muscovy. A voyage of eighty miles, after leaving the land of the Laplanders, brought them to the country of Nortpoden, which was subject to the King of Sweden. The Russians call the country Kaienska Semla; and the people, Kaiemai. After having passed two perilous promontories, they sailed up to the country of the Ditciloppi, who are wild Laplanders, to a place named Dront [Drontheim], two hundred miles north of the Dvina.” (end of quote)<br /><br />Han hevdet at de var sendt av Prinsen i Moskva. En reise på åtti mil, etter å ha forlatt landet til Laplanderne, brakte dem til landet Nortpoden, som var et område under svenskekongen. Russerne kaller dette området Kaienska Semla, og folket for Kaiemail. Etter å ha passert to halvøyer, seilte de opp landet til Ditciloppi, som er de ville Lappene, til et sted kalt Dront [Drontheim], to hundre mil nord for Dvina.<br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 301px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWubwSj4yMuorFAPRxqJTePzSy5aPlkp9JDikKpD8Ei3Cx_xNu8Bqr1fnwyuS7LbE4bMwuZnK7HiULJHy7HY6Gwa3ovvi11-7wIBbmBLWV0NHiBhhNPDfwE0cPDxiuT2PN3ujAIIG2OF8/s400/Copper+plate+1780+-+1800+Wild+lapp+Norway+prc.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5355667424731990578" border="0" /> <span style="font-size:78%;">Wild Lapp from Norway about mid 1700eds, published 1780 - 1800. En vill-lapp fra Norge fra en gang midt på 1700-tallet. </span><br /><br />I have so far not found many reports about “the wild Laplanders of Ditciloppi”, however they might be the Saami along the Norwegian coast to Trøndelag. In a map made by <a href="http://www.nb.no/nbvev/eksternvev/assets/images/nurnberg1.jpg" target="_blank">Hieronymus Münzers</a> from 1493 it seems correct that the Wild Laplanders (Wildlappen) indeed were the ones settled along the Northern part of the Norwegian coastal line. See a closer description down this blog about location of Ditciloppi from Istoma's Journey. It seems correct that the Wild Laplanders settled the coastal line south of Lofoten to Trondheim.<br />Recently I have found out more: In the period between 1400-1700eds different authors have described the geographical localization of the Wild-Lapps between the Kola Peninsula in the north east and all along the coastal line of present Norway to Trondheim, and additionally the Wild Lapps were found in the woods and on the mountains. J.L. Wolf (1716) (my translation): in this county/ in the fjords/ there live Finns/ that also is called Wild Lapps/ Fjeld-Finner (mountain finns)/ or Lapfinner” (Norrigia Illustrata). Another source that supports the view that the Wild-Sami also lived in the areas of the Kola Peninsula is <a href="http://www.nb.no/utlevering/contentview.jsf?sesamid=c2842d2f4402b549ba137e3eb96cf7d0&struct=DIVP224" target="_blank">Samenes historie frem til 1750</a> av Lars Ivar Hansen og Bjørnar Olsen, 2004, side 21. These books are unfortunately only available in Norwegian language.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihBBTHbXE3xBCghxcDhDmbKtSpNHUuJGIj85bR88yqCcYYkXjSgF46MaheOWXaKxUpQRuB3xBK6ScjmOU8xQPU3v87Hi6gH3sCVUHqkehyphenhyphen4cy4WVDI_ErkKMHAdAFx2PWFQ6azcRgDk6M/s1600-h/Schedelsche_Weltchronik_Hieronymus+M%C3%BCnzers+1493+public.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 170px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihBBTHbXE3xBCghxcDhDmbKtSpNHUuJGIj85bR88yqCcYYkXjSgF46MaheOWXaKxUpQRuB3xBK6ScjmOU8xQPU3v87Hi6gH3sCVUHqkehyphenhyphen4cy4WVDI_ErkKMHAdAFx2PWFQ6azcRgDk6M/s400/Schedelsche_Weltchronik_Hieronymus+M%C3%BCnzers+1493+public.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5355661976303633954" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:78%;">A segment of Hieronymus Münzers 1493 map over Northern Europe. In this Medieval Map there is an area called Wildlappen, north of Mitnacht and Norwega. In the descriptions of Gregory Istoma, the areas of the Wild Lapps went further south to Trondheim or near Trondheim. Dette er et segment av kart over Nord-Europa av Hieronymus Münzers (1493). I dette kartet fra middelalderen kan man se et område som kalles vill-lapper eller Wildlappen, nord for hva som kalles Mitnacht og Norwega. I beskrivelsene til Gregory Istoma så gikk områdene til vill-lappene lengre sør, helt til eller i nærheten av Trondheim.<br /></span><br />Så langt har jeg ikke funnet mye informasjon om ”de ville Laplanderne av Ditciloppi”, men de er antakeligvis samene langs norskekysten til Trøndelag. På et kart laget av <a href="http://www.nb.no/nbvev/eksternvev/assets/images/nurnberg1.jpg" target="_blank">Hieronymus Münzers</a> fra 1493 ser det ut til å stemme at de ville Laplanderne (Wildlappen) er de som bodde langs den nordlige norskekysten. Se på en nærmere beskrivelse av Istomas reise lengre ned in denne bloggen, der finner man ut noe mer lokalitet. Det ser ut til å være riktig at vill-lappene holdt til mellom Lofoten og Trondheim.<br />Senere har jeg funnet ut mer: Ulike forfattere har fra 1400-1700 tallet beskrevet at "de ville Samene" (Vill-Lappene) bor fra Kola halvøya i nordøst og langs hele norskekysten til Trondheim, og Vill-Lappene fant man også inne i skogene og på fjellene. J.L. Wolf (1716): ”Udi dette Læn/inde ved Fjordene/der boe Finner/som ellers kaldis Vildlapper/ Fjeld-Finner/ eller Lapfinner/” (Norrigia Illustrata). Source: Samene og andre urbefolkninger i nordområdene, av H. Lindkjølen, 1994. En annen bok som viser til kilder som støtter synet om at villsamene også bodde områdene på Kola halvøya: <a href="http://www.nb.no/utlevering/contentview.jsf?sesamid=c2842d2f4402b549ba137e3eb96cf7d0&struct=DIVP224" target="_blank">Samenes historie frem til 1750</a> av Lars Ivar Hansen og Bjørnar Olsen, 2004, side 21.<br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 290px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOW6NH8AGQhmWIc_VoKKDSPdDoSkOuA3IlyUy4HGYDS3TyOwL7g6s7a5InfcoQfz-eaCFbvl6ZsSmLtzRVJeKN9sNhnS6WlTjr47vm1WuT7s4rK3EEfVz_HrtZmrykirePrcZVRag67HOg/s400/Sami+skier+1822.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5296179941542217762" border="0" /><span style="font-size:85%;"><center>Samisk skiløper. Sami skiier. Published 1822.</center></span><br />They then came to Drontheim (Trondheim):<br />“They then left their boats and performed the rest of their journey by land, in sledges. He further related that there are herds of deer there, as plentiful as oxen are with us, which are called in the Norwegian language 'rhen.' They are somewhat larger than our stags, and are used by the Laplanders instead of oxen, and in the following manner: they yoke the deer to a carriage made in the form of a fishing-boat, in which the man is bound by his feet lest he should fall out while the deer is at full speed; in his left hand he holds a bridle, to guide the course of the deer, and in his right a staff, with which to prevent the upsetting of the carriage, if it should happen to lean too much on either side. He stated that, by this mode of travelling, he himself had accomplished twenty miles in one day, and had then let loose the deer; which returned of its own accord to its own master and its accustomed home." (end of quote)<br /><br />De kom så til Drontheim (Trondheim):<br />De forlot da båtene og foretok resten av reisen på land, i sleder. Han fortalte sammenliknende at det var flokker med dyr der, like mange som det er okser hos oss, som på norsk kalles ”rhen”. De er noe større enn våre kronhjorter, og blir av laplanderne brukt i stedet for okser, på følgende måte: De binder dyret til en slags vogn som er formet som en fiskebåt, hvor man er bundet ved føttene for ikke å falle ut mens dyret er i full hastighet, i sin venstre hånd holder han en tømme, for å styre retningen på dyret, og i sin venstre hånd en stav, som brukes for å hindre at vognen velter hvis den skråner (vender) for mye til den ene eller andre siden. Han hevder at på denne reisemåten så reiste han selv tjue mil på en dag, og så satte han fri dyret, som av seg selv fant veien hjem og returnerte til sin eier.<br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 233px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4kJV25HtV_EU93siLY4KVE4lp-rYVn89iHMGvgC7DMjC-OUMGt0wKyQ5pyT8gk7bRUc6dKtRq32q3CJdkDu8_l4KiXRndlsjr3zxsU1M7q6cxWe346UqILOzhlDKCJjtpCTrqoVQoplOE/s400/Sledging+1822.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5296174907819244098" border="0" /> <span style="font-size:85%;"><center>Samisk mann med rein og pulk, publisert 1822. Sami man with reindeer and sledge.</center></span><br />They then reached Bergen North in Norway (clearly our maps have changed since then). De nådde da Bergen Nord ganske langt nord i Norge (det er helt klart at våre kart er endret siden den gang).<br /><br />The text of Gregory Istoma mentioned the Lapps and the reindeer as far south as Bergen in this travel description. Bergen was also mentioned in a text from late 1800s: "The low limit of the fjeld Finns is the sea-level, about the North Cape. In Sweden the deer only come down in winter. There is plenty of moss pasture near the sea, but a certain fly drives deer and men to the snow. Further south, wild reindeer keep on the high tops, about Romsdal. Tame deer are kept as far south as Bergen, but they do not flourish in that wet climate, and they are kept on the high fjeld. They never come down to the sea or to rich grass pasture, but seem to prefer cold, and moss which grows in cold regions.” J. F. Campbell, 1866. <br /><br />Teksten til Gregory Istoma nevner Lappene og reinsdyr så langt sør som Bergen i denne reisebeskrivelsen. Bergen er også nevnt i en tekst fra sist på 1800-tallet:<br />(her oversatt) “Det laveste høyden for fjell Finner er sjø-nivået, omtrent Nordkapp. I Sverige kommer dyra kun ned om vinteren. Det er mye mose nært sjøen, men visse insekter driver dyr og menn til snøen. Lengre sør, finnes det reinsdyr på de høye toppene, som Romsdal. Tamme dyr holdes så langt sør som Bergen, men de er ikke mange i et slikt vått klima, og de holdes på høyfjellet. De kommer aldri ned til sjøen eller til rike gressland, men fortrekker kulde, og mose som gror i de kjølige regioner. J.F. Campbell, 1866. <br /><br /><center><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQg11jNEG-sUkSel9sEI5tM66755UqzSXo-PRC5HPx-ubsDRAXBd6gg9H2-rqTYNuuKvaSiyvCXtn7trljktREBcHZHQj46gig0hThvH5qzzHdLjzkPcfbQbF09-SlKR-IDAw9v0giUAE/s1600-h/Olaus_Magnus_Scandza+ca+1520.jpg" target="_blank">Map by / Kart av Olaus Magnus, 1520</a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQg11jNEG-sUkSel9sEI5tM66755UqzSXo-PRC5HPx-ubsDRAXBd6gg9H2-rqTYNuuKvaSiyvCXtn7trljktREBcHZHQj46gig0hThvH5qzzHdLjzkPcfbQbF09-SlKR-IDAw9v0giUAE/s1600-h/Olaus_Magnus_Scandza+ca+1520.jpg" target="_blank"> </a></center><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">In this map you can see that Norvegia is at the southern tip of present Norway, south of Tilemarchia. På dette kartet kan du se at området som ble kalt Norvegia var på sørspissen av dagens Norge, sør for Tilemarchia (Telemark). </span><br /><br />“Having at length accomplished this journey, they came to Berges [Bergen], a city of Norway, quite in the north, amongst the mountains, and then reached Denmark on horseback.” (end of quote)<br /><br />“Etter å ha gjennomført denne reisen kom de til Berges [Bergen], en by i Norge, helt i nord, mellom fjellene, og så nådde de Danmark på hesteryggen.”<br /><br />The text is quoted from the following book. Teksten er sitert fra følgende bok: <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/memoirsa04ameruoft" target="_blank">Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association Volume IV (1917)</a><br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 256px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-dQXG7q6S88Wk090m30oz1taimMFQ3WMLN4jsvCxE28dxUlJEt2HJ41vKMWFgmYQyYdLMaQwRp4obc1fdOWH_hbnpqZe6CFlDd9uHyV8ZjeN4o7QaqAbEZgBSlBD_LGOBmcEVC_6CtBo/s400/engraving+1822+sami+in+sledge.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5302832978412410578" border="0" /> Sami man in sledge, engraving published in 1822. Samisk mann i pulk.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />Closer description of the Journey of Istoma in Nordland and Trondelag - En nærmere beskrivelse av reisen til Istoma i Nordland og Trøndelag. </span></span><br /><br />A more detailed description from the travel between a Malstrom in Nordland and Trondheim gives a better idea where the “wild Laplanders of Ditciloppi” are located geographically. En mer detaljert beskrivelse av reisen mellom en Malstrøm i Nordland og Trondheim gir en bedre forståelse av hvor de "ville Lappene av Ditciloppi" befant seg geografisk sett.<br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 209px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0juiFH0WEWLMISyD90rttfF_P9ne6ooq5UGwKHbTR8yt3HdLUTb25pzBW3CdPkJMAh0yrpYQE8sF4vE9bjuWqa0Iu7TE2Bb8gf4rJsN3TJeRfdzCGY6lttPZRxw4cSe1AzoikGjAPeMU/s400/Moskenstraumen+Lofoten+Norway.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5297188209371018658" border="0" /><span style="font-size:78%;"> Malstöm in Norway, Olaus Magnus Carta Marina.</span><br /><br />“After sailing thence along a very indented coast which jutted out to the right, they came to a peninsula, called the Holy Nose, consisting of a great rock, which like a nose projects into the sea. But in this there is a grotto or hollow which for six hours at a time swallows up water, and then with great noise and din casts out again in whirls the water which it had swallowed. Some call it the navel of the sea, others Charybdis. It is said that this whirlpool has such power, that it draws to itself ships and other things in its neighbourhood and swallows them.<br />Istoma said that he had never been in such danger as at that place, because the whirlpool drew the ship in which he travelled with such force, that it was only by extreme exertion at the oars that they could escape. After passing this Holy Nose they came to a rocky promontory, which they had to sail round.“ (End of quote)<br /><br />Etter å ha seilt langs en ujevn kystlinje som stikker frem mot høyre, så kom de til en halvøy som kalles ”Hellig Nese”, som består av et stort fjell, som er lik en nese og som går rett ned i sjøen. Men i den er det en grotte eller hule som svelger vann i seks timer og så kaster ut igjen med virvler det vannet det hadde svelget med en høy lyd og bulder. Noen kaller dette navlen til havet, andre for Charybdis. Det er sagt at denne virvel-strømmen har en slik kraft at den drar til seg skip og andre ting som kommer i nærheten og svelger dem. Istoma fortalte at han aldri hadde vært i så stor fare som på den plassen, fordi virvelen dro til seg skipet de reiste med en sånn styrke, at det kun var ekstrem hard roing med årer som gjorde at de klarte å unnslippe. Etter å ha passert den Hellige Nesen kom de til en klippehalvøy som de måtte seile rundt. Source Gutenberg: <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/24365/24365-h/24365-h.htm" target="_blank">The Voyage of the Vega, Vol. I</a>” by A.E. Nordenskiöld, 1881<br /><br /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 218px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0lw9UWinggdZ5LKbEajLTOaizg1Lyhi1QApRTfhFRjNYfPxGeuw6YGZW83UXciypoVcUX6-M6SC6mLJaPVFs6tff5UhQooQr1oWP5AHcQxAK0Hbvkw8WjjNgs9VnL3NdRuV02GpTeODs/s400/Malstom+Norway+1813+sm.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5297187916962524834" border="0" /> <span style="font-size:85%;">Malstrøm i Norge sluker skip. Malstrom in Norway swallows a ship. Picture published 1813</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"> This was likely / Sannsynligvis var dette: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltstraumen" target="_blank">Saltstrømmen</a> / <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskstraumen" target="_blank">Moskstraumen</a></span><br /><br />To shorten the text: They passed a rock called <span style="font-style: italic;">Semes</span> that was considered dangerous to pass, if not the captain had offered for a favourable wind. They then sailed further until they came to another great promontory called <span style="font-style: italic;">Motka</span>, resembling a peninsula. At the end of this there was a castle, Barthus, which means vakthus, watch-house, for there the King of Norway keeps a guard to protect his frontiers. This promontory was so long that it could scarcely be sailed round in eight days and they carried their boats and baggage over land for the distance of about half a mile. They then sailed on along the land of the Dikilopps or the Wild Lapps to a place which is called <span style="font-style: italic;">Dront</span> (Trondhjem).<br /><br />For å korte ned teksten: De passerte et fjell eller en klippe kalt <span style="font-style: italic;">Semes</span> som ser ut til å ha vært oppfattet som farlig å passere, hvis ikke kapteinen hadde ofret for å få en mer fordelaktig vind. De seilte videre inntil de kom til et fremspring kalt <span style="font-style: italic;">Motka</span>, som så ut som en halvøy. På enden av denne var det et slott, Barthus, som betyr vakthus, hvor kongen i Norge har vakter for å beskytte grensene. Denne halvøyen var så lang at det ville ta åtte dager å seile rundt og de bar derfor bagasje og båter over land i en halv mil. Så seilte de langs landet til Dikilopps eller de ville lappene til en plass som kalles <span style="font-style: italic;">Dront</span> (Trondhejm).<br /><br />My comment: The last part describes a peninsula called Motka between Nordland and Trondheim. I cannot tell what place this is. The only place I know with the name Motka is related to the Kola Peninsula and the Sami there, but the place Motka in this text have to be located south of Lofoten but north of Trondheim on the coast of Norway. Min kommentar: Den siste delen nevner et sted kalt Motka, jeg vet at det finnes en slik benevnelse ”Motka” knyttet til Kolahalvøya og samene der, men den plassen som i denne teksten blir kalt Motka må være lokalisert sør for Lofoten og nord for Trondheim på kysten av Norge.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">CONCLUSION / KONKLUSJON:</span><br />From this text one can conclude that the Wild Laplanders or Lapps settled the coast from south of Lofoten towards or to Trondheim, however according to several old texts the Wild-Lapps were also at the Kola Peninsula and along the coast of Finnmark as well as in the forests and on the mountains. Fra denne teksten kan man med sikkerhet konkludere er at vill-samene bodde sør for Lofoten i retning av og eventuelt helt til Trondheim, men flere gamle tekster beskriver også vill-samer på Kola halvøya og på Finnmarkskysten, samt i skogene og på fjellene.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ptolemy 2nd Century CE: Lappelanth in Southern Sweden? 2. århundret etter Kristus: Lappelanth i Sør-Sverige?</span></span><br /><br />In my search for Ditciloppi, I found an area called Pilappelanth and still a another Lappelanth in Southern Sweden. This placename is clearly Lappeland, however the prefix “pi” have made some, for instance <a href="http://www.vobam.se/Texter/ortelius.htm" target="_blank">Bruno Tallgren (1908)</a> to interpret the name as Finlappeland (Finland). The name Pilappelanth was still found in the editions of Ptolemy in the years 1467, 1482 and 1490 and according to the article of Bruno Tallgren additionally on the maps of Nicolaus Germanus from 1482. However because the direction of the land structure does not fit with Finland, this interpretation can be set aside. This map was made in the early days of geographical science. As you can see it is difficult to conclude any precise locations based on the map. Pilappenlanth is on the map about 2 latitude degrees north of Gothia Orientalis (Östergotland). Then there is in the same map another place called Lappelanth south of Gothia Orientalis (Östergotland), this placename has a prefix "Gu" or "Fi". This second place called Lappelanth is north of Vermelant.<br /><br />I min søken etter mer informasjon om Ditciloppi fant jeg et område kalt Pilappelanth, og ennå et stedsnavn med Lappelanth i Sør-Sverige. Dette stedsnavnet er helt klart Lappeland, og prefiksen ”pi” har gjort at noen, for eksempel <a href="http://www.vobam.se/Texter/ortelius.htm" target="_blank">Bruno Tallgren (1908)</a>, har tolket navnet som Finlappeland (Finland). Navnet Pilappelanth fantes fremdeles på utgavene av Ptolemy i årene 1467, 1482 og 1490 og i følge artikkelen til Bruno Tallgren i tillegg på et kart av Nicolaus Germanus fra 1482. Fordi retningen av landstrukturene ikke passer med Finland så må man imidlertid se bort fra en slik tolking. Dette kartet var laget på et tidlig tidspunkt innen den geografiske vitenskapen. Som du ser så er det vanskelig å konkludere presis lokalitet med utgangspunkt i dette kartet. Pilappenlanth er på kartet omtrent 2 breddegrader nord for Gothia Orientalis (Östergotland). På samme kart er det et annet stedsnavn med "lappelanth" sør for Gothia Orientalis (Östergotland), dette stedsnavnet har en prefiks "Gu" eller "Fi" og ligger nord for Vermelant.<br /><br />Areas on this map are e.g. Gotland and Gothia, Dacia that extended into the present areas of southern Sweden, and then two places called Lappelanth. There was no place called Norway on this map, however Greenland and Thule (Iceland) were.<br /><br />Områdene på dette kartet er for eksempel Gotland og Gothia, Dacia inkluderte på den tiden en del av nåtidens sørlige Sverige, og så fantes to steder kalt Lappelanth. Det var ingen områder kalt Norge på dette kartet, men Grønnland og Thule (Iceland) fantes.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBo6jV20iKckYzLVdbNIVuHCs_i2czD8IjtdDNTGBTPNbkZY1SlpBoTKNR0zuLMXS2g3H8y99Z6SmZshNPixJ6rP2sNxG31JDuRNwuNx84CQ4VWvW-RLX50GQ6XebBS_LMPmeUHv7FhYl5/s1600-h/cropped+Map+of+North+Europe,+from+Nicholas+Donis%27s+edition+of+Ptolemy%27s+Cosmographia,+Ulm,+1482.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 390px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBo6jV20iKckYzLVdbNIVuHCs_i2czD8IjtdDNTGBTPNbkZY1SlpBoTKNR0zuLMXS2g3H8y99Z6SmZshNPixJ6rP2sNxG31JDuRNwuNx84CQ4VWvW-RLX50GQ6XebBS_LMPmeUHv7FhYl5/s400/cropped+Map+of+North+Europe,+from+Nicholas+Donis%27s+edition+of+Ptolemy%27s+Cosmographia,+Ulm,+1482.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5296165214953508002" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"> A cropped segment of the following "Map of North Europe, from Nicholas Donis's edition of Ptolemy's Cosmographia, Ulm, 1482". Du kan se hele kartet i lenken ved å klikke på neste bilde.</span><br /><br />This map is published with Nicolai Doni’s edition (1482) of <a href="http://www.nla.gov.au/worldtreasures/html/theme-exploration-1-cosmographia.html" target="_blank">Ptolemæi Cosmographia</a> (Claudius Ptolemy from the c 83–c.168 CE). The area called Pilappelanth is north of <a href="http://www.columbia.edu/acis/ets/Graesse/contents.html" target="_blank">Gothia orientalis</a> (= <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrogothia" target="_blank">Ostrogothia</a> or Östergotland), but the areas are divided by water (likely the lakes <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Sweden_CIA_map_extended.gif" target="_blank">Vättern, Vänern, Hjälmaren and Mälaren</a>).<br /><br />Dette kartet er publisert i Nicolai Doni’s utgave (1482) av <a href="http://www.nla.gov.au/worldtreasures/html/theme-exploration-1-cosmographia.html" target="_blank">Ptolemæi Cosmographia</a> (Claudius Ptolemy som levde ca. 83 - 168 e.Kr.). Området som kalles Pilappelanth er nord for <a href="http://www.columbia.edu/acis/ets/Graesse/contents.html" target="_blank">Gothia orientalis</a> (=<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrogothia" target="_blank"> Ostrogothia</a> eller Östergotland), men områdene er atskilt av vann (sannsynligvis innsjøene <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Sweden_CIA_map_extended.gif" target="_blank">Vättern, Vänern, Hjälmaren og Mälaren</a>).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijpaZWK5rfoJmjb6HLN-4Dk8Gq0WSE0k4PhL07xlApD4NgnQUTTIiwC2NIq1D4b-NCYa9UUkYKGQbNBxMmB3zHltmUy6N9Vnssqwisb67y-MOqV5MBFYXQOB-g4wLvrGh7S-Ig75sxZTg/s1600-h/v1p051+map.jpg" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 216px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijpaZWK5rfoJmjb6HLN-4Dk8Gq0WSE0k4PhL07xlApD4NgnQUTTIiwC2NIq1D4b-NCYa9UUkYKGQbNBxMmB3zHltmUy6N9Vnssqwisb67y-MOqV5MBFYXQOB-g4wLvrGh7S-Ig75sxZTg/s400/v1p051+map.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5296274177444648338" border="0" /></a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><center> Source: <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/24365" target="_blank">Project Gutenberg</a> (Click om the map - Klikk på kartet)</center><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/mapofworld00sant" target="_blank">ALONZO DE SANTA CRUZ'S Map of the world from 1542 </a> by E.W. Dahlgren (1892). As you can check in this book by Dahlgren (1892) the names of Lappelanth is already removed from the maps in 1542. I have not yet checked the map from 1542 by Alonzo de Santa Cruz itself.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">References / Referanser</span></span> (others are found in the text):<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="http://www.vobam.se/Texter/ortelius.htm" target="_blank">Eftertryck: Geografiska Föreningens Tidskrift 1908</a> No 3-4. Abraham Ortelius' karta SEPENTRIONALIUM REGIONUM DESCRIP. ANTVERPIAE 1570, Föredrag för Geografiska Föreningen den 18 mars 1908 av Bruno Tallgren.<br /><br />Istoma later traveled with later expeditions as a Latin translator. Istoma reiste på senere ekspedisjoner som oversetter i Latin:<br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/earlyenglishvoya00hameuoft" target="_blank">Early English voyages to Northern Russia</a> comprising the voyages of John Tradescant the Elder, Sir Hugh Willoughby, Richard Chancellor, Nelson, and others. By Dr. J. Hamel. Translated by John Studdy Leigh, London, 1857.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/memoirsa04ameruoft" target="_blank">Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association Volume IV (1917)</a></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-83748951080662750432008-12-31T16:18:00.032+01:002011-02-09T03:39:30.550+01:00The Eastern Sami - Øst Samene<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5277146770852743298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX7Mf3JunW5WbiKS7sCDR8coEPRjxuPzMAB7gdLAfn27oHtV0DH0CEYoyRjhwDFES5mqb0yOWlbY12TovJGam4RkXyTqIKACKoe6I9j_e3NZ890WMuFlYzc2EKvByJj4X-K52Ev-OGd-HL/s400/Kildin+in+Russian+Lapland+year+1504+after+Linschoten+mini.jpg" style="display: block; height: 239px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Kildin in Russian Lapland year 1504 after Linschoten. These small huts are not igloos, but called “gammer” made of wood and peat. Kildin i Russisk Lapland året 1504 etter Linschoten. Dette er ikke igloer, men gammer laget av tre og torv. </span><br /><br /><br />Kildin are Saami around <a href="http://www.barentsphoto.com/lovozero.45087.en.html" target="_blank">Lovozero</a> in Murmansk Oblast, on the Kola Peninsula. At present about 800 individuals speak Kildin Sami. Kildin er samer på Kola halvøya rundt <a href="http://www.barentsphoto.com/lovozero.45087.en.html" target="_blank">Lovozero</a> innsjøen i Murmansk Oblast. I dag snakker omtrent 800 personer Kildin samisk.<br /><br /><br />At present the 600 Skolt Sami of Enare live in the Sevettijärvi, Nellim and Keväjärvi. The Enare-Sami people inhabit the same areas of Finland. The Skolt were evacuated to Enare after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_War" target="_blank">Winter War</a> (1939-40). Traditionally they were reindeer herders, hunters and fishermen. <span style="font-size: 78%;">Source: </span> <span style="font-size: 78%;"><a href="http://www.luontoon.fi/page.asp?Section=4202" target="_blank">Sevettijärvi-Näätämö områdets historia</a></span><br /><br /><br /><center><a href="http://www.saaminuett.fi/kolttasaamelaiset/koltansaamen-kielestae/kirjakielen-kehityksestae.html" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Kolttasaamelaiset- Koltansaamen</span></a></center><br /><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The following URL seems to be broken, where Elias Mosnikoff sings in Skolt Sami language and tells about the Skolt culture. Den følgende lenken ser ut til å være brutt hvor Elias Mosnikoff synger på Skolt samisk og forteller om Skolt kulturen. </span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" ><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><br /></span><br /><center><iframe title="YouTube video player" width="425" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/JAD4dDWFtKQ?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></center><br /><br /><center><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Video: <a href="http://vstr1.nebula.fi/?id=1160984-1252056554&w=640&h=476&fs=1&c=1&r=640&a=1&p=1" target="_blank"">Skolt Sami life and Culture, 1938. Suenjel</a> (after the text), Petsamo, Finland. Skoltesamisk liv og kultur i 1938, Suenjel (etter teksten). </span></span></center><br /><br />Nå for tiden bor det 600 Skoltesamer av Enare i Sevettijärvi, Nellim og Keväjärvi. Enaresamene bor i det samme finske området. Skoltsamene ble evakuert til Enare etter <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinterkrigen" target="_blank">Vinterkrigen</a> (1939-40). Tradisjonelt var reinsdyrsdrift, fiske og jakt deres næringsgrunnlag. <span style="font-size: 78%;">Kilde: </span><a href="http://www.luontoon.fi/page.asp?Section=4202" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 78%;">Sevettijärvi-Näätämö områdets histori</span>a</a><br /><br /><center><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/b/bf/20081118181114%21Border_changes_in_Finland.gif"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/b/bf/20081118181114%21Border_changes_in_Finland.gif" style="display: block; height: 246px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 175px;" /></a></center><span style="font-size: 78%;">Border changes in Finland (1323–1947) by WPK, 2008 (Wikimedia). Endringer av grensene i Finland (1323 - 1947).</span><br /><br />The lives and culture of the Eastern Saami and in particular the Skolt Saami have been influenced and determined by intervening politics, conventions and wars in the present areas of Finland, Russia and Norway.<br /><br />Østsamenes liv og kultur og spesielt for skoltsamene har vært influert og bestemt av politiske intervensjoner, konvensjoner og kriger i nåværende områder av Finland, Russland og Norge.<br /><br />Hetta Rises From the Ashes (1951): Enontekiö or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetta" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Hetta</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in Finnish Lapland was destroyed by German troops during WW II (The Lapland War 1944-1945)</span><br /><br /><center><embed allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" autoplay="1" color1="0x3a3a3a&color2=" fs="1&rel=" height="325" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/eIl2U8hTp8w&hl=" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="400"></embed></center><br />Finnish language with English subtitles.<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5277163989092003058" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp77b0wTvF-inJ9fAdMjs1Z3aCmBaErvA79s0EPjoBe9Lg6Ct9lg8yZg9MbTBovyFm4wCSUxozqlstXsP_EN313pM-Dw8_fWvpooSDw1L9lYrJTLu3d22DJhSFtjkdi7g6nALSrpBRnGSc/s400/Saami+woman+Finland+by+L.+Ruhe,+Leipzig+sm.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 257px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> A Saami woman with baby in Komse, Finland. Photographed by L. Ruhe, Leipzig</span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.siida.fi/anaras/english/yleistietoa/yleistietoa.html" target="_blank"><strong><span style="font-size: 130%;">Inari Sami</span></strong></a> Other names are Enare, Anaras. Enare is the name of a lake in Northern Finland. Andre navn er Enare og Anaras. En innsjø i Nord-Finnland kalles Enare.<br /><br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5277794072830461490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOsVrDNxa3zs2cGHfowiknLcryJf7g3mg_b4GX7yIBsDeZeNkauRECvz0eKd1fXtJiUaYEoF1LjOAXBSvgO0BH2DsFaEs4uxKhghDV6jtgBHzEjxskkvaeoGF16yvpSRqrD1j4bmmGCHXf/s400/Skolt+Sami+Orthodox+church+in+Nellim,+municipality+of+Inari,+Finland+by+BishkekRocks+2007+Wikimedia+GNU.jpg" style="display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Skolt Sami Orthodox church in Nellim, municipality of Enari, Finland by BishkekRocks 2007 (Wikimedia).<br /></span><br />There additionally are people of Skolt Saami ancestry in Neiden and Pasvik (Norway) and in Boris Gleb / Skoltefoss (Petsjenga, Russia) and the surrounding areas. The Skolt Saami people were divided when the state border convention between Russia and Norway were ratified in 1826 and with it the traditional reindeer herding areas were restricted. Read more: <a href="http://www.imeq.net/finnmark/Friis/Sommer.php?kap=1826&pt=3" target="_blank">Grænseopgjøret i 1826</a> Friis (1871).<br />Later traditional reindeer herding areas of the Eastern Saami additionally were restricted within Norway. These political interventions had dramatic social consequences and left many Sami families in poverty <span style="font-size: 78%;"><a href="http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/dok/NOUer/1997/NOU-1997-4/8.html?id=140728" target="_blank">Østsamene i Norge</a> Justis- og Politidepartementet, Norge(1997).</span><br /><br />Det er i tillegg folk med Skoltsamisk opprinnelse i Neiden og Pasvik (Norge) and i Skoltefoss (Petsjenga, Russland) samt i de omkringliggende områder. Skoltsamene ble delt når statsgrense konvensjonen mellom Russland og Norge ble ratifisert i 1826 og med den ble reinbeiteområdene begrenset. Les mer: <a href="http://www.imeq.net/finnmark/Friis/Sommer.php?kap=1826&pt=3" target="_blank">Grænseopgjøret i 1826</a> Friis (1871). Senere ble også det tradisjonelle reinbeitelandet til østsamene sterkt begrenset innad i Norge. Disse politiske intervensjonene fikk dramatiske sosiale konsekvenser og førte til at mange samiske familier havnet i fattigdom. <a href="http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/dok/NOUer/1997/NOU-1997-4/8.html?id=140728" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 78%;">Østsamene i Norge</span></a><span style="font-size: 78%;"> Justis- og Politidepartementet, Norge (1997).</span><br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5277147406789343490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRSEt1HV9qlhJrmW_Qi9pc_taZN8PozwccfNch1YcJNMiLNkALr_doKfZuJecs475Z6BKWIf11F_KJXAwAwtWh5F7FY9y6mYbilYFcvirJMpYBXRGHgSQnk1yOtC4wukhZCaXoOPq50pm8/s400/Russian+Skolt+Saami.jpg" style="display: block; height: 262px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> Russian Skolt Sami people. </span><a href="http://www.imeq.net/finnmark/Friis/Sommer.php?kap=BorisGleb&pt=3" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 78%;">En sommer i Finmarken, Russisk Lapland og Nordkarelen: Skildringer af Land og Folk</span></a><span style="font-size: 78%;"> by J.A. Friis, Christiania, 1871.</span><br /><br />Friis (1871) tells about a conflict between Norway and Russia that had lasted for 500 years about the rights over the Kola Peninsula and Varanger (Finnmark) areas. Both states taxed the Saami in these areas and therefore it was called a “common district”. He writes that the colonists of the Kola Peninsula had to the tax to the Norwegian crown, while the Russians did not tax the Norwegian colonists in Finnmark. As early as 1582 the Danish Crown had taxed the monks at Kola Monastery, because it belonged to Norwegian Crown (Norway was at that time in union with Denmark). The Russians gained control over the Skolts by building orthodox churches and christening the Saami.<br /><br />The conflict was partly over access to ice-free ports, the fishing fields outside Finnmark and other natural resources in these areas.<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5288117208906289634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfSi8VOlB_83z4vQwpHlQlK7TCRYjKXhF46iSZgKVuAuzTpQgLWmaeJ_cRe1QiAReqwlfZT4cGoevb4kD9czRTq7FUz7UQAuk86VwhLnE4xDJ_xQsdOL6-sMA3Uk8AQI78C1gAWCCUIT8/s320/Petsamo+map+by+Jniemenmaa,+2005+Wikimedia+GNU.png" style="display: block; height: 320px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 271px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Petsjenga (Petsamo). Map by Jniemenmaa, 2005 Wikimedia GNU</span><br /><br />Friis forteller om en 500 år konflikt mellom Norge og Russland angående rettighetene på Kola Halvøya og i Varanger områdene. Begge statene skattla samene i disse områdene og derfor kaltes dette et ”fellesområde”. Han skriver at de som koloniserte Kola halvøya måtte skatte til den norske kronen, men russerne skattla ikke kolonistene i Finnmark. Så tidlig som i 1582 hadde den danske kronen skattlagt munkene i Kola Kloster, fordi de tilhørte områder under den norske krone (Norge var på den tiden i union med Danmark). Russerne fikk kontroll over Skoltsamene ved å bygge ortodokse kirker og å kristne dem.<br />Noen av grunnene til konflikten dreide seg om tilgang til isfri havn, fiskeressursene utenfor Finnmark og andre naturressurser i disse områdene.<br /><br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5285970070589750258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixWTyJgQHzGek-INaLAT_1qDDXnYgPDlTE4Psn1EIvCzYRTkipxj97sq_I8DTYoOumaaHl0dYRQkm3FiV1LhsabXC2RoS7-N1RnNV5SDi0Io2QDggyqwvWOZUr3NEPg2CUYcx281ciW2c/s400/Boris+Gleb+Chapel+Russia+Petjenga+small.jpg" style="display: block; height: 279px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Photo: Turistforeningen i Finland</span><br /><br />Boris Gleb that is placed on the bank of Patsjoki River (Paaččjokk, Báhčeveaijohka, Paatsjoki, Патсойоки or Pasvikelva) got its name after two orthodox saints, Boris and Gleb. Trifon (ca. 1495 - 1583), a monk from Novgorod built the small chapel in the 16th century, however Friis comments that the chapel must have been restored since then.<br /><br />Boris Gleb som ligger på bredden av Paatsjoki elven (Paaččjokk, Báhčeveaijohka, Paatsjoki, Патсойоки eller Pasvikelva) fikk navnet etter to ortodokse helgener, Boris og Gleb. Trifon (ca. 1495 - 1583), en munk fra Novgorod bygget det lille kapellet i det 16. århundret, men i følge en kommentar av Friis må kapellet være restaurert siden da.<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5277802199353327410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZanFYWVeylw69q-nS-QrVHqqbqCztgSmlI-xQJO1-Cy74dMdL_DnqKoCvpk-LFxT0ji9YGYwVSBbSpU54RRldvBkVX-fT7y8Tz21n-OsnZqTguZ0cZq0VpXLGULdzvvPg__lbZE3R436v/s320/Boris+and+gleb+saints.JPG" style="display: block; height: 320px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 224px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">The Saints Boris and Gleb. Helgnene Boris og Gleb. Source: Wikimedia Public.</span><br /><br />An interesting report by Saint Trifon in the 1500eds is his description the Sami as worshippers of pictures, serpents and other reptiles. Particularly the Sami Noaide (shamans) resisted Trifons preaching. They threatened Trifon, however he told that God protected him and he converted the Sami to Christianity.<br /><br />En interessant beretning av Trifon på 1500-tallet er at han beskrev samene som dyrkere av bilder, slanger og andre krypdyr. Spesielt var de samiske sjamanene motstandere av prekenene til Trifon. De truet Trifon, men han hevder at Gud beskyttet ham og at han omvente (kristnet) samene (Friis, 1871).<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKf9UUnxwodA2EhBBrCSXWnvn2ubZwXi51tszBYnkHa7ZQcmi6HFPFsOy2pvPWMJ15IKDdqAg8GcO68bcOOwV7CABGXfQhtv45uwuLeBcvQWduvZIjUrXIql6RataB8H3earbUsV2-Q-E/s1600-h/Fish+are+being+cleaned.+Skolt+S%C3%A1mi,+Suonikyl%C3%A4,+Pechanga.+Photo+Karl+Nickul+1932.+National+Board+of+Antiquities..jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290209772345856002" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKf9UUnxwodA2EhBBrCSXWnvn2ubZwXi51tszBYnkHa7ZQcmi6HFPFsOy2pvPWMJ15IKDdqAg8GcO68bcOOwV7CABGXfQhtv45uwuLeBcvQWduvZIjUrXIql6RataB8H3earbUsV2-Q-E/s400/Fish+are+being+cleaned.+Skolt+S%C3%A1mi,+Suonikyl%C3%A4,+Pechanga.+Photo+Karl+Nickul+1932.+National+Board+of+Antiquities..jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 268px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 78%;">Fish are being cleaned. Skolt Sámi, Suonikylä, Pechanga. Photo Karl Nickul 1932. Press photos: National Board of Antiquities, Museiverket, Finland.</span><br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290209447169551506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyntv5Mv6g-QheOS__PgOR8z4WYi-tOFCEob_8p5WkUn8G6VnxDPKGOxd8jWNB1S1vjhM-jzLxj5SONr-Qxe9eOI4U0rdG0rKrqANRo0S5lZUJq3IQnFwBY9lLSjUBrRuo1hxcPAdEwK0/s400/Fish+are+being+cleaned.+Skolt+S%C3%A1mi,+Suonikyl%C3%A4,+Pechanga.+Photo+Karl+Nickul+1932.+National+Board+of+Antiquities.+cropped.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 280px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Skolt Sámi women, Suonikylä, Pechanga. Photo Karl Nickul 1932. Press photos: National Board of Antiquities, Museiverket Finland. Cropped.</span><br /><br /><br /><center><strong><span style="font-size: 180%;">Multimedia about the Skolt Saami</span></strong></center><br /><br /><br /><center><span style="font-size: 180%;"><a href="http://www.siida.fi/saamjiellem/flash/english.html" target="_blank"><strong>Skolt Saami Life</strong></a></span></center><br /><div align="left"><br />At the Norwegian riverbank of Paatsjoki there is a small cave called “Trifons hule”.<br />Friis writes that the Greek-catholic Saami would always cross them selves when passing Trifons cave and offer a coin for luck in fishing.<br /><br />På den norske siden av Pasvikelven er det en liten hule som kalles “Trifons hule”. Friis skriver at de gresk-ortodokse samene brukte lage korsets tegn når de passerte Trifons grotten og ofret en mynt for fiskelykke.<br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5285970480069066594" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr85EfekEGMRtFCgFYGccT0vVN5HvfLswBPDjTwMT6EbJEvmA5kcCLU25dJ1aNNmEPBj59jnd0J9X7o9zwnfePOkTHvLoOA4sIE_wQbj3b5Des3oR-yaoRc6X7tmXb0_UdlQl6_wtRSCI/s400/Boris+Gleb+Church+Village+Petsjenga+Russia+small.jpg" style="display: block; height: 245px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Boris Gleb. Photo by Valok A. Kokkonen. Turistforeningen i Finland</span><br /><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5285970762635128386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtLF09_wphI-Eei_y_m66iftoQuQJSkgnBOteYALfAvYHQehoUzgMO-6Vw-VMmDAUijH39TQLCoLYthHGz8DkCVmAt-j6Y7z9GDm2JuwD9w-eB4q1aW-CQMEn-88aR9eb2nSLvRYSLfz4/s400/Boris+Gleb+and+River+Petsjenga+Russia+Detail.jpg" style="display: block; height: 259px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><br />During summers there are in Boris Gleb (Skoltefoss) about 10 – 12 orthodox Skolt families living by fishing. They live in small huts on pillars and are not agriculturists. In 1871 the Skolt Saami in Boris Gleb had been strongly influenced by Russian language, names and habits. Friis describes some of the Skolt Saami as tall with rich red hair and beard.</div><div align="left">I løpet av somrene er det omtrent 10 – 12 ortodokse skoltsamer som lever av fiske i Skoltefoss. De bor i små hytter som står på påler og de er ikke bønder. I 1871 var Skoltsamene i Boris Gleb sterkt påvirket av russisk i språk, navn og vaner. Friis beskriver noen av skoltsamene som høye av vekst og med rikelig rødt hår og skjegg.</div><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5277150278633553058" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwgjAUshQeowfUk-ftdgQtX13SVx1s45yQADSfWHrllpqpxLwkoyawIliWQyqa1eHT2tt49EV87QpYDszMNyVsf2ecXGqz86zrUHTMcI1psGNpsf9a9KehfK_JzCJF1DaYXGVbSqGQwsI-/s400/Skolt+Sami+in+open+tent+resting+after+collecting+reindeers.+K.+Nickul.+Lapin+Sivistysseuran+sarja+sm.jpg" style="display: block; height: 294px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Skolt Sami in open tent resting after collecting reindeers. K. Nickul. Lapin Sivistysseuran Sarja.</span><br /><center><br /><div align="center"><embed allowfullscreen="true" allownetworking="all" allowscriptaccess="always" base="http://www.slideroll.com" height="360" id="slideshow" salign="tl" scale="noscale" src="http://www.slideroll.com/player.php?s=pvst9ze8" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="380" wmode="transparent"></embed></div></center><br /><strong><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5277163059267974114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0TiayimOMoW6s3MpSc6G4fmwjwbNEgyuf3V9KdGmb4KcGTrzrHDSrssXjj8yKTju2HMsSh_7JKu0_9WCRvlx1YQU7ovMlhyphenhyphenO4ayqRO-RdsQ_4hcUrpk5nSQ2J2tC2_xRM98xT8gSV9NyB/s400/Snow+mobiles+Lappland+Finland+1928+Illustration+French.jpg" style="display: block; height: 183px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></strong><span style="font-size: 78%;">Snow mobiles in Finnish Lapland. Published in Illustration (Octobre 1928).</span> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Snøscooter i finsk lapland.</span><br /><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size: 130%;">References / Referanser:</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 100%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.pasvikelva.no/index.php?page_id=4&lang_id=2&article_id=64#gallery" target="_blank">The water without borders</a> 5 languages: Norwegian, English, Russian, Sami and Finnish. 5 språk, også Norsk.<br /></span><br /></strong><a href="http://www.siida.fi/saamjiellem/english/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Skolt Saami Life</span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"> Multimedia: Sound, Picture and Text.<br /><br /></span><a href="http://www.luontoon.fi/page.asp?Section=4202" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Sevettijärvi-Näätämö områdets historia</span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><br /><br /></span><a href="http://www.foark.umu.se/samlingar/hand07A.htm" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Gustaf Hallströms arkiv</span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><br /><br /></span><a href="http://www.imeq.net/finnmark/Friis/Sommer.php?kap=BorisGleb&pt=3" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 85%;">En sommer i Finmarken, Russisk Lapland og Nordkarelen : skildringer af Land og Folk </span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">af J.A. Friis. - Christiania : Cammermeyer, 1871.<br /><br />State and People in the History of Northern Norwegians and White Sea and Kola Russians. Journal article by Edward Thaden; East European Quarterly, Vol. 35, 2001<br /><br /></span><a href="http://www.siida.fi/saamjiellem/english/tieto_etusivu.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 85%;">The Skolt Sámi in Finland</span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><br /><br />Zita McRobbie-Utasi (1999) </span><a href="http://www.sfu.ca/linguistics/research/research_publications.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Quantity in the Skolt Lappish (Saami) language: An acoustic analysis. </span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;">. Uralic and Altaic Series 165. Bloomington: Indiana University. Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. 1999.<br /><br /></span><a href="http://www.pasvikelva.no/index.php?page_id=2&lang_id=2&article_id=97" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 85%;">The people without borders</span></a><br /><br />NOU 1997: 4. Naturgrunnlaget for samisk kultur<br /><a href="http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/dok/NOUer/1997/NOU-1997-4/8.html?id=140728" target="_blank">Østsamene i Norge</a> Justis- og Politidepartementet, Norge.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.folklore.ee/tagused/nr8/pics/j34.htm" target="_blank">Kola Sami by N. Haruzini (1890) </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.folklore.ee/tagused/nr8/pics/j29.htm" target="_blank">Kola Man by N. Haruzini(1890) </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.folklore.ee/tagused/nr8/pics/j35.htm" target="_blank">Saami metal embroidery, 1880ies</a><br /><br /><a href="http://2004.murman.ru/photos/kolsky/143-1.shtml" target="_blank">Photo from the Kildin Island</a><br /><br /><a href="http://2004.murman.ru/photos/kolsky/30-e-saami.shtml" target="_blank">Saami close to the Lovozero district, 1930s</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.barentsphoto.com/viewimage2.php?folder=15261&no=15" target="_blank">Boine and Prakhova in Lovozero</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.barentsphoto.com/viewimage2.php?folder=15261&no=19" target="_blank">Two Kildin Saami women - to kildin samiske kvinner</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.folktradition.net/uploads/170pic3.jpg" target="_blank">Skolt Saami hat and shoes by Katri Jefremoff (Russian Saami) </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.folktradition.net/uploads/168pic2.jpg" target="_blank">Skolt Saami Hat and Belt by Katri Jefremoff (Russian Saami)</a><br /><br /><a href="http://photo.babaev.net/ethnic17.html" target="_blank">Russian Saami, 2003</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.nlr.ru/news/img/130407_163639a.jpg" target="_blank">Old Drawings</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.arctic.org.ru/new/kuchug.htm" target="_blank">Drawings from Lovozero by Vladimir Charnoluskiy 1920-30ies</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.arctic.org.ru/new/kar.htm" target="_blank">Places visited the Russian geologist OF B.A. Popov in 1900 </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.nlr.ru/news/img/130407_163639c.jpg" target="_blank">Russian Book about the Saami</a><br /><br /><a href="http://culturemap.ru/images/398_72.1102425104.66091.jpg" target="_blank">Russian Saami</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www2.hu-berlin.de/ksdp/index_saam.html" target="_blank">Kola Saami Russia</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.lapland.ru/pictures/press/038-big.jpg" target="_blank">Lapland Russia</a><br /><br /><a href="http://ethnomuseum.murman.ru/gallery/painters/morozov/index-eng.shtml?19" target="_blank">A Print by Morozov Nikolay: Ethnographic Museum of European North Indigenous Peoples</a><br /><br /><a href="http://ethnomuseum.murman.ru/gallery/painters/morozov/index-eng.shtml" target="_blank">Pictures by Morozov Nikolay: Ethnographic Museum of European North Indigenous Peoples, Murmansk </a><br /><br /><a href="http://ethnomuseum.murman.ru/gallery/painters/feofilaktov/index-eng.shtml?06" target="_blank">Picture by Alexander Feofilaktov</a><br /><br /><a href="http://ethnomuseum.murman.ru/gallery/painters/feofilaktov/index-eng.shtml" target="_blank">Alexander Feofilaktov</a><br /><br /><a href="http://ethnomuseum.murman.ru/gallery/painters/kotenko/index-eng.shtml?12" target="_blank">Russian Saami Dolls by Kotenko Olga</a><br /><br /><a href="http://ethnomuseum.murman.ru/gallery/painters/kotenko/index-eng.shtml?13" target="_blank">Russian Saami Doll by Kotenko Olga </a><br /><br /><a href="http://ethnomuseum.murman.ru/gallery/painters/shadrin/index-eng.shtml?01" target="_blank">Sculpture of Saami in Lavvo by Alexander Shadrin</a><br /><br /><a href="http://ethnomuseum.murman.ru/gallery/painters/shadrin/index-eng.shtml?03" target="_blank">Sculpture of Saami by Alexander Shadrin</a><br /><br /><a href="http://ethnomuseum.murman.ru/gallery/painters/shadrin/index-eng.shtml?04" target="_blank">Sculpture of Saami family by Alexander Shadrin</a><br /><br /><a href="http://ethnomuseum.murman.ru/gallery/painters/shadrin/index-eng.shtml?05" target="_blank">Sculpture of Saami Njalla by Alexander Shadrin</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.foark.umu.se/samlingar/utstallning/treresor/1910-279c.jpg" target="_blank">Young Saami men in Lovosersk, 1910 by Hallström </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.foark.umu.se/samlingar/utstallning/treresor/1910-351c.gif" target="_blank">Saami from Völsoöl, Kola Peninsula 1910 by Hallström </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.foark.umu.se/samlingar/utstallning/treresor/1910-229c.gif" target="_blank">Saami from Simbosero, Kola Peninsula, 1910 by Hallström </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.tonnel.ru/calendar/kniga/8547349_tonnel.gif" target="_blank">Russian Saami Family</a> CААМЫ<br /><br /><a href="http://url/" target="_blank">Laplander - Nikolai Kuznetsov </a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-80233431148296655662008-12-24T01:06:00.014+01:002011-12-03T15:05:10.191+01:00Information links about the Sami & Winter in Sapmi - Informasjonslenker om samene & Vinter i Sapmi<img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 250px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5283146545928781522" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ2JXJY0bN2PmHNenj_qZ4qwlNwO51YfPPRGwot95bcszMfRYEHRJDmQT4IhU8omtJouG0Hq5zd_LD2FhByeOHhyphenhyphenwBbdDRE74bP9mF-B7mXHrCR27xZZ45YFi8wvdvWY3wUgKBCBcC36U/s400/Reinsdyrferd+laget+i+1813.jpg" /> <span style="font-size:78%;">Sami man in Reindeer sledge. Samisk mann i reinsdyrslede. Illustration from 1813.</span><br /><p></p><br /><center><object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://www.slideroll.com/player.swf?s=huv6r5yf&nocache=1&nologo=0" id="slideshow" base="http://www.slideroll.com" width="400" height="540" wmode="transparent" scale="noscale" salign="tl" allowscriptaccess="always" allownetworking="all"> <param name="base" value="http://www.slideroll.com"> <param name="movie" value="http://www.slideroll.com/player.swf?s=huv6r5yf&nologo=0"> <param name="s" value="huv6r5yf"> <param name="scale" value="noscale"> <param name="salign" value="tl"> <param name="wmode" value="transparent"> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"> <param name="allowNetworking" value="all"><br /><!-- embedded thumbnail --><br /><a href="http://slideroll.com/?s=huv6r5yf" target="_blank"><img src="http://slideroll.com/users/group263/user263202_20070808143713/thumbs/proj286677.jpg" alt="Illustrations of Sami Life" /><br />View Photo Slideshow</a><br /><!-- end thumbnail --> </object></center><br /><p></p><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 261px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5283146249497110818" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXtBWDZeSJIf9Vi68NzcTqmvaYxirXsGgkB3uApZOCrVtKB6lxR6DOxmcoApZ7PBnirnqyFzuZG829cX10UiedtuszB0urv3YoJs8lHERKOoaP3pZ_65cW805lXwF3UpmYxCzl3LNI_aM/s400/Reindeer+and+sledges+in+Jokkmokk+Sweden+W%C3%A4stfelts+foto+Jokkmokk.jpg" /> <span style="font-size:78%;">Samer, reinsdyr og sleder i Jokkmokk, Sverige. Reindeer and sledges in Jokkmokk, Sweden. Photo: Wästfelts foto Jokkmokk. </span><br /><p><span style="font-size:78%;"></span></p><br /><center><object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://www.slideroll.com/player.swf?s=g3z53618&nocache=1&nologo=0" id="slideshow" base="http://www.slideroll.com" width="400" height="380" wmode="transparent" scale="noscale" salign="tl" allowscriptaccess="always" allownetworking="all"> <param name="base" value="http://www.slideroll.com"> <param name="movie" value="http://www.slideroll.com/player.swf?s=g3z53618&nologo=0"> <param name="s" value="g3z53618"> <param name="scale" value="noscale"> <param name="salign" value="tl"> <param name="wmode" value="transparent"> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"> <param name="allowNetworking" value="all"><br /><!-- embedded thumbnail --><br /><a href="http://slideroll.com/?s=g3z53618" target="_blank"><img src="http://slideroll.com/users/group263/user263202_20070808143713/thumbs/proj286685.jpg" alt="Saami Sledges" /><br />View Photo Slideshow</a><br /><!-- end thumbnail --> </object></center><br /><br /><center> <large>Informative about the Saami - Informasjon om samene</large><br /><br /><a href="http://www.samimuseum.fi/english/siida/en_paanayttely.html" target="_blank">SIIDA</a><br /><a href="http://www.ajtte.com/?page_id=68" target="_blank">Ájtte Museum</a><br /><a href="http://melara33.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Saami Videoblog</a><br /><a href="http://tovesiv.stud.hive.no/NSM/samene.htm" target="_blank">Samene i Norge</a><br /><a href="http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/kola_lapps.shtml" target="_blank">The Kola Saami</a><br /><a href="http://www.siida.fi/saamjiellem/flash/english.html" target="_blank">The Skolt Saami (flash & sound)</a><br /><a href="http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/dok/NOUer/1994/NOU-1994-21/42.html?id=455705" target="_blank">Østsamene i Neiden</a><br /><a href="http://www.samer.se/user/tour_html/index.html" target="_blank">Sàpmi (svensk tekst)</a><br /><a href="http://www.reisenett.no/norway/facts/culture_science/sami.html" target="_blank">The Sami of Norway</a><br /><a href="http://www.blindernbarnestuer.no/Pedagogisk_virksomhet/94779/Temahefte_om_samiske_barns_sprak_og_kultur.pdf" target="_blank">Samisk i Barnehagen</a><br /><a href="http://www.suri.ee/r/sami/index-en.html" target="_blank">Links to Saami resources</a><br /><a href="http://www.refu.fi/110.html" target="_blank">Virtual University: The Sàmi</a><br /><a href="http://www.galdu.org/web/index.php?sladja=25&vuolitsladja=11&giella1=nor" target="_blank">Det fargerike Sameland</a><br /><a href="http://goto.glocalnet.net/ekosofi/sjosamisk%20kultur%20text.htm#2.Sj%C3%B6samisk%20kultur%20i%20Nordnorge" target="_blank">Sjösamisk kultur i Nordnorge</a><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_people" target="_blank">Sami People: Wikipedia</a><br /><a href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/dieda/anthro/concept-time.htm" target="_blank">Sami Concept of Time</a><br /><a href="http://www.etikkom.no/HvaGjorVi/Publikasjoner/Samisk" target="_blank">Samisk forskning og forskningsetikk</a><br /><a href="http://www.riddu.com/index.php?language=en&cat=23117" target="_blank">Riddu Riđđu from 10 to 15th July 2007</a><br /><a href="http://www.galdu.no/introindex.php" target="_blank">Intro Galdu Saami: A forum for indigenous people</a><br /><a href="http://www.samediggi.no/artikkel.aspx?AId=1&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;back=1&MId1=1&sprak=norsk" target="_blank">Sámediggi - Sametinget Informasjonsside</a><br /><a href="http://www.sami.uit.no/links/samien.htm" target="_blank">Sámi relevant websites, University of Tromsø</a><br /><a href="http://www.dfg-sachsen.de/Berichte.htm" target="_blank">”Die Sámen gestern und heute” by Jouni Kitti </a><br /><a href="http://www.rakennusperinto.fi/rakennusperintomme/maakunnat/fi_FI/Lappi/" target="_blank">Museums in Lappi Lääni northern Finland</a><br /><a href="http://www.samimuseum.fi/english/ulkomuseo/en_arkeologia.html" target="_blank">Silver found in Ukonsaari Island, Inari, Finland</a><br /><a href="http://www.samediggi.fi/vanha/oktavuohta/en/index.htm" target="_blank">Digital magazine on sámiculture (also in Finnish)</a><br /><a href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/newera/samiculturenordic.htm" target="_blank">Sámi Culture in the Nordic Countries</a><br /><a href="http://www.ijahisidja.fi/ijahis_eng.html" target="_blank">IJAHIS IDJA Festival in Inare / Enare, Finland</a><br /><a href="http://nn.rolle.no/blogg/05/nn1A.php" target="_blank">Sørsamisk – ein minoritet i minoriteten</a><br /><a href="http://www.ylm.se/sapmi/" target="_blank">SAMER I VÄSTERNORRLAND</a><br /><a href="http://www.erm.ee/?lang=ENG&node=201" target="_blank">Tallinn Museum</a><br /><a href="http://www.suri.ee/esy/juhatus.html" target="_blank">Eesti-Saami - Estland samer</a><br /><a href="http://www.suri.ee/il/99/4/saami.html" target="_blank">Estland, Eesti ( Estonia) Saami</a><br /><a href="http://www.museumsnett.no/vsm/engelsk.html" target="_blank">Várjjat : Exhibition "Coastal Sámi"</a><br /><a href="http://boreale.konto.itv.se/samieng1.htm" target="_blank">An introduction to the Sami people</a><br /><a href="http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu/HistoryCulture/samiindex.html" target="_blank">The Sámi of Far Northern Europe</a><br /><a href="http://weblog.greenpeace.org/forestrescue/" target="_blank">Forest Resque - Finland Enare</a><br /><a href="http://www.arcticpeoples.org/2006/10/20/finland-ignores-human-rights-issues-press-release/" target="_blank">Finland Ignores Human Rights Issues</a><br /><a href="http://www.elonmerkki.net/en/sami1" target="_blank">LAST YOIK IN SAAMI FORESTS?</a><br /><a href="http://arran2.blogspot.com/search/label/%C3%83%C2%81rran%20archive%20additions" target="_blank">Árran Saami in North America</a><br /><a href="http://www.galdu.org/web/index.php?artihkkal=344&giella1=eng" target="_blank">The Silent Revolution - Kautokeino</a><br /><a href="http://www.galdu.org/web/index.php?sladja=25&vuolitsladja=11&giella1=eng" target="_blank">The Multi-Faceted Land of the Sámi</a><br /><a href="http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=10411&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html" target="_blank">UNESCO: 18 year-old Swede from Lapland </a><br /><a href="http://boreale.konto.itv.se/gaaltije_e.html" target="_blank">Southern Saami Gaaltije Sør-Samisk Gaaltije</a><br /><a href="http://www.saami-easterfestival.org/Gallery.html" target="_blank">Kautokeino : The Saami Easter Festival (every year)</a><br /><a href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/" target="_blank">Sami Culture: Joik, Poetry and more (University of Texas)</a><br /><a href="http://www.blogger.com/Riddu" target="_blank">Riddu Riđđu Festival for Indegienous People (Every Year)</a><br /><a href="http://www.siida.fi/anaras/english/yleistietoa/yleistietoa.html" target="_blank">Finnish Anare ( Enare ) Saami - Finske Anare ( Inari ) samer </a><br /><a href="http://www.sametinget.se/" target="_blank">Sametinget Sverige - Sámediggi - Sámedigge - Saemiedigkie</a><br /><a href="http://www.finnmarken.no/debatt/article2568256.ece" target="_blank">6th of February is the Saami Peoples Day - 6 februar er samefolkets dag</a><br /><a href="http://www.samediggi.fi/" target="_blank">SÁMEDIGGI / SAAMELAISKÄRÄJÄT (Saami parliament in Finnish and Saami)</a><br /><a href="http://www.npolar.no/ansipra/english/Items/Saami_Norway.html" target="_blank">The Saami of Norway Editor: Winfried K. Dallmann </a><br /><a href="http://www.iser.uaa.alaska.edu/projects/Living_Conditions/images/list_Pubs_Kola.pdf" target="_blank">List of publications about the Kola Saami</a><br /><a href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/dieda/hist/nordic.htm" target="_blank">Sámi Culture in the Nordic Countries – Administration, Support, Evaluation by Harald Gaski, Tr. John Weinstock</a><br /><a href="http://www.ymparisto.fi/download.asp?contentid=30657&lan=FI" target="_blank">Traditional Lifestyles and Biodiversity Use. Regional report: EUROPE & RUSSIA Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, 2003</a><br /><a href="http://www.sami.uit.no/links/sami.html#searvvit" target="_blank">Om samer og samiske forhold på internett</a><br /><a href="http://uit.no/ub/8466/3861?From=0" target="_blank">Samisk og urfolksrelatert forskningsdatabase</a><br /><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6171701.stm" target="_blank">Russia's Sami fight for their lives</a><br /><a href="http://www.fuen.org/pdfs/20020614Saami_Sara.pdf" target="_blank">REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SÁPMI AND THE SAMI PEOPLE</a><br /><a href="http://intro.rovaniemi.fi/Lapponica?formid=lapff&sesid=1187672969&ulang=eng" target="_blank">Lapponica: Northern Information Service</a><br /><a href="http://troms.kulturnett.no/bibliotek/samisk/samisk_spraak.htm" target="_blank">Samiske organisasjoner og institusjoner - Kultur- og språksentra</a><br /><a href="http://hit.hist.no/HA.16-2003%20/REDAKSJON/sorsamer.html" target="_blank">”Sørsamar - ein minoritet<br />i den samiske minoriteten” av Åke Junge</a><br /><a href="http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/03/97/02/0acf930d.pdf" target="_blank">Part 1: The Sami - an Indigenous People in Sweden</a><br /><a href="http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/03/97/02/e07fc893.pdf" target="_blank">Part 2: The Sami - an Indigenous People in Sweden</a><br /><a href="http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/08/94/16/34945a5a.pdf" target="_blank">Los Samis - un pueblo indígena en Suecia</a><br /><a href="http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/08/61/47/e58097e6.pdf" target="_blank">Sami - ein Ursprungsvolk in Schweden</a><br /><a href="http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/03/78/17/7ce6fa39.pdf" target="_blank">Samer - ett ursprungsfolk i Sverige</a><br /><a href="http://boreale.konto.itv.se/laante.htm" target="_blank">The Sami Homeland</a><br /><a href="http://www.galdu.org/web/index.php?galleri_govat=14&govva=&vuoruhus=1" target="_blank">Riddu Riddu festival 2008 (16 photos)</a> Inga Juuso, Angelique Kidjo and visitors from all over the world<br /><a href="http://www.galdu.org/web/index.php?galleri_govat=15&govva=&vuoruhus=1" target="_blank">Riddu Riddu festival 2008 (11 photos) </a>Yamal Nenents, Ingor Ante Ailu, Sara Margrethe Oskal and visitors from around the globe. </center> <br /><br /><a href="http://www.belowtheclouds.com/2008/02/06/samernas-nationaldag/" target="_blank">Sami hats exhibit</a><br /><a href="http://samiskbibliotektjeneste.wordpress.com/2009/04/02/kafjordkunstneren-asbj%C3%B8rn-unor-fors%C3%B8get-stiller-ut-i-karasjok/" target="_blank">Samisk bibliotektjeneste</a><br /><a href="http://www.calliidlagadus.org/samegillii/index.php?sladja=49&leksikon=1&giella=&sorteren=&desc=&unnimusta=100" target="_blank">Sámi leksikon internehtas</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-33391861068044113302008-12-08T01:46:00.027+01:002012-01-14T19:12:19.559+01:00About 100 Years Ago in Swedish Sapmi - For omtrent for 100 år siden i Svensk Sapmi<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPwwjvQB15NSSQEmEpoOTSlz58xB-0rWNz6gvNblNjzbRpk7HygfoHHSc_R8lVDB0NTs2eompCsg3wha81j6fkboC85S_hCb1YMXJCtDFinNokl8IKcDT_VzwlZAtEyeqiyQP_QgvaZ7c6/s1600-h/Swedish+counties+wikipedia+creative+commons.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5276229070011687026" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPwwjvQB15NSSQEmEpoOTSlz58xB-0rWNz6gvNblNjzbRpk7HygfoHHSc_R8lVDB0NTs2eompCsg3wha81j6fkboC85S_hCb1YMXJCtDFinNokl8IKcDT_VzwlZAtEyeqiyQP_QgvaZ7c6/s400/Swedish+counties+wikipedia+creative+commons.png" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 177px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 78%;">Source: </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:SverigesL%C3%A4n2007mKod.svg" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 78%;">Wikimedia creative commons by Lokal Profile, 2007</span></a><span style="font-size: 78%;">. I have made changes to the file.</span><br />
<br />
These are old pictures of the Sami from south to north Sweden, dating back to about 100 years ago. Looking at these pictures is like travelling back into the fairy tales. However the Saami culture was changing fast and oppression was at that time manifest. In the southern areas there were few nomads left (for instance in Gävleborg and Dalarne) and the Saami culture had been under tremendous pressure from the agriculturists for a long time. The colonising had lasted since the medieval period, and accumulated in the period when most European and northern American states colonised indigenous people and their lands all over the globe. The imperialists defined politics, deconstructed and reconstructed history to fit their own means, and the Saami was degraded and redefined as newcomers on the land they had inhabited since the Palaeolithic.<br />
<br />
In spite of the harshness of history it is possible to enjoy the beauty and the history told in these pictures.<br />
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Dette er gamle bilder fra omtrent 100 år siden av samer fra sør til nord i Sverige. Når man ser på disse bildene er det som å reise inn i eventyrene, kulturen og folket var imidlertid virkelige. Bak idyllen i bildene endret den samiske kulturen seg raskt og undertrykkingen var markant. I de sørlige samiske områder var det da kun noen få samiske nomader igjen (for eksempel i Gävleborg og Dalarne) og sørsamene hadde allerede vært utsatt for et sterkt press fra bøndene i lang tid. Koloniseringen hadde pågått siden middelalderen, og akkumulerte samtidig med at de fleste stater i Europa og Nord-Amerika koloniserte urbefolkninger verden over. Imperialistene definerte politikken, dekonstruerte og rekonstruerte historien tilpasset egne behov og målsettinger, og samene ble degradert og omdefinert som nykommere på den jorda de hadde bebodd sidne steinalderen.<br />
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Selv om tidene nok har vært harde, så kan man likevel nyte skjønnheten og historiene som blir fortalt via disse bildene.<br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 180%;">Dalarna County - Fylke (Län)</span></strong><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275933058005640530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx5N4GLTW0Cdc-EYoxOWxBPShk2IWbthITqrH-RKV0iHw37V6qaVSLl5FmeEQXnsIA0lTOHYMs3O2Qp7HFRi6Q61oD7lUdJtFBz7subdSHPALkoVWzIOauovcJRzXrx_BAYyO31I-0xvaH/s400/skann0014+-+Kopi+s.jpg" style="display: block; height: 248px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> A nomad Sami settlement near Hävlingskällorna (between Slugufjäll and Storvätteshåga) in Dalarna, Sweden. The area is rich in lichen (reindeer moss) and one often meets herds of reindeers in these areas. Storvätteshågna is close to Mora and Rättvik. Samisk leir ved Hävlingskällorna mellom Slugufjell og Storvätteshåga i Dalarne. Disse fjellområdene er rike på lav som gir godt beite, og på Storvätteshågna møter man ofte streifende reinflokker. Published: 1926. Storvätteshågna er mellom Mora og Rättvik.</span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275933969641596146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_p8qPYiH3GGwj8gzv7KotuHt_cL_HSuxm5oHEZxToQsq9e4qxWZ4n1r8DnyvVX_Key76H0ndx1y4riTVOxp8aCcuUSvySz0pNF_1czSEbPUKyuxo9iZzp2aBAmwculCZHxleRFDF31cXP/s400/skann0018+-+Kopis.jpg" style="display: block; height: 229px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> Rättviks Church in Dalarna and accommodation cottages in Southern Sweden. The Sami people used these cottages. This tradition was common in connection to Churches in Sweden as an adjustment to the nomad Sami way of life. In some cases small villages were built for the same reason, e.g. Gammelstad in Luleå (Norrland) and in Vilhelmina Kyrkstad (Västerbotten). Kirke i Rättvik, Dalarne med stuer for overnatting tilpasset nomade samene. Det var en vanlig tradisjon i Sverige å tilpasse kirkene til samenes livsstil. Noen steder ble det bygd små kirkesteder med det samme formål, for eksempel Gammelstad i Luleå (Norrbotten) og i Vilhelmina Kyrkstad (Västerbotten). Published: 1926. </span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5276030739509659826" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1twtVOn0v5SMuZ6Joa1m3eubgp_jfuwziw6AOo4c90NFzOWCiuU0Fb3ZpwKbHqvW241aCUD0NwNrfeB3YuyzkaHl2rR24PrS-7gjzPgMO68YV94i6IPgd1EoGPrfmjcby5DUaQ16EEax4/s400/Samiske+kvinner+fra+Slugufj%C3%A4ll+Dalarne+Sverige+publ.+1926+s.jpg" style="display: block; height: 265px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Storehouse at Slugufjäll Sami Settlement in Dalarna, Sweden. The Sami in Dalarne partly live near Hävlingskällorna and partly 10 kilometers east near Slugufjäll. Storehouses and huts can be found in both these places. Et stabbur (matlager) på Slugufjälls sameby i Dalarne. Samene i Dalarne bor delvis nær Hävlingskällorna og delvis 10 kilometer østover nær Slugufjäll. Stabbur og gammer (kåtor) finnes på begge disse stedene. Published: 1926.<br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 180%;">Gävleborgs County - Fylke (Län)</span></strong><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275944148039063826" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Y1J_Yya7kdD4RK6Fpsw8RYUspULPeQPIOJZ8S8ABVoqy2db_jYOynsfYlKymxxxt77KqVA7BYYmJ5iVOu52qqwbBJFx67AUagCFU-TzgJHwLUHqdaylfz0j5LbeVKbs277TTpT1yzU5p/s400/Southern+Sweden+Gafle+Sami.jpg" style="display: block; height: 173px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> Sami people in Gävle, Gästrikland in Southern Central Sweden . These were likely Saami with some Goth (Göter) origin. There are several pictures in this post of Saami with some Goth ancestry. Samer i Gävle, Gästrikland i sørlige sentrale Sverige. Dette er samer som sannsynligvis er noe beslekted med Goth (Göter). Det finnes flere bilder i denne posten av samer med delvis Goth forfedre.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275943957657980018" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguDraDkPNIIK8tsf4j5hilumrjq23SjczZrQczwn5UPZWD14B5KfzQzmsOf52yt7BKJRGvmkTiYvPLH9RsxJHraPp43agXF36DmguOzCk8kwFMPUKvoju0i56rxSxtUiYCPTph7teRBwjp/s400/Southern+Sweden+Gavle+Sami.jpg" style="display: block; height: 223px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> Sami people in Gävle, Gästrikland in Southern Central Sweden.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275943763901920546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Q1SFLs1WK9xt8pO2VKIjrL6vxBwVuSjpArjzPwo1frMe7U6MHtnyVK8ynJ_YcRP8GrhrB5nThmkSskQ4WIOZhCi5pZ3Sk4n4IWPuY7GJNds8wCW0AeNUaYGTNR_3nucQJJloV4Owe_5W/s400/Southern+Sweden+Gavle+Sami+2.jpg" style="display: block; height: 252px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> Sami people in Gävle, Gästrikland in Southern Central Sweden. </span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 180%;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 180%;">Jämtland County - Fylke (Län)</span></strong><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275966614341584706" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD8qqKr7zC1GoX_O_XU831eubVJ92vudo55wcs5nOfsZtq1LtfS1iM0sB6qgpIk9IQ72PvXcMDPPoNf96idu_wgDLN_I9RUOsGImV7ao6RYU20fYzIuGdNqa6Ea_dRWoXC5n4oPhWhpsLX/s400/Sami+group+late+1800eds+sweden.jpg" style="display: block; height: 272px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Sami camp at Kålåsen in Jämtland, Sweden late 1800 eds. Samisk leir ved Kålåsen i Jämtland, Sverige på slutten av 1800-tallet</span>.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275966806528083586" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGuSx4_a7GGXwNXmJfrkRz8eCwSaBzUAg9ExnV5NPxGWbK5WKod3fB0VSrjbAD18z7lbCoO1-vKRNLRQbA5sidbLdeZkagl6T3j71t0BlYfwzdpA37jBY4E7ikipzfDwUgYkb1Y-6ymhlJ/s400/detail+sami+sweden+late+1880eds.jpg" style="display: block; height: 289px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275934221176870770" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuvi8gyDvD-9hicYSLJ9cESXbopkwgnAPIuirUCxL92HtJLGqvk197fkER3YOolzS3BlAJGZhuc4Xm2hsvQFfAmhaaUfIa3EgJvQlEYHKhCB5XXP6ef2Fzf0zjcdAauIVCIQghYBAcQZyL/s400/skann0020+-+Kopi+s.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 327px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Fire tower guard at Rönnåsen, Lillhärdal in Härjedalen, Central Sweden. Branntårn vakt på Rönnåsen, Lillhärdal i Härjedalen, midt Sverige. Published: 1926. </span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275933783544648882" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtnElyTIifRzL_or2Yjik5w5eaBAPhJawxUX73Q_iaq7sNl8RhJgSo7G65_s6qUVhmAtDpYBVA3uMtEsVBk-MBe1VgSITSMkGYpzmfmqO8ZdDDujuHR-vW8TtwCxSGiww3jJrIGkUu9nw5/s400/skann0015+ss.jpg" style="display: block; height: 232px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Reindeers is separated during summers in Jämtland, Sweden. Reinsdyr separeres om sommeren i Jämtland, Sverige. Published: 1926.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275935841419682066" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRN9epML53azBn1odhTknD845bKn-ny8__kWppgMO1_FqHtGwrf1y-qCbwMpvMiFI9ihoEZ2owU0WcFrumctqZk8TJtltxRqEs6sv1a1lAJfjaUyAZ-IS7PmnpdjD37h8a027Von2DQiBb/s400/Sami+men+reading+pc+1904.jpg" style="display: block; height: 235px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">The man in blue is Mattias Åren fra Frostviken (photo: 1870 - 1898). Mannen i blått er Mattias Åren (fotografert mellom 1870 - 1898).<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275931565928929938" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_80BV7kfkN688V11FtWhnSYuJRt3grC-3BxTIEw-g39cYwZ4QUl28iI83kvCaaS4GsMXyNPO82nukVyLUgQSyWlFAzjjrD9_mkXsJgSYauraoysBujAbkiT7ToQoYRDIOSuNjJWLRi3z9/s400/Sami+woman+Jamtland+sweden.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 326px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Young Saami woman from Jämtland, before 1914. Ung samisk kvinne fra Jämtland, før 1914.</span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275931333509604018" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOkT0GonpCPIGekygra8gJGCt0Apo5qWrkHZEvu6w1t2qGk6-0QJJnLT4XOaBWH2p3OoeqJjhRmAITC_nrqEbk7NNtG9QxADjdiH3zcpomKmQ5acKSR2pfGmi9ZUDMTvF1ZmNmqomTu6Gx/s400/skann0003+-+Kopi+s.jpg" style="display: block; height: 274px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Saami men in Vålådalen in Jämtland. Samiske menn i Vålådalen i Jämtland. Published: 1926.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275931071523545762" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo1s0earc-A6T0ZMMPxwOP2ITAlviHPZDSA3dwAw3OxbxhH_0TcD_WLzHW9qZm-2gM4pbAsnkR09_NO9km2D_IWTfNqAPPGntGn4WqH3gXwpLx0alKiFtUim08I5mCo1C6eMcrFFzd-Sxv/s400/Samisk+gutt+med+hund+fra+Fj%C3%A4lln%C3%A4s+H%C3%A4rjedalen+Sverige+published+1926s.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 265px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Saami boy with dog at Fjällnäs in Härjedalen, Sweden. Samisk gutt med hund på Fjällnäs i Härjedalen.</span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275930818849193474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQUXpaV76TzPf7CX9Agrog7ugHB1SwPTW2B2Aovl0ouQS2tzSNJjXLJDD6jUL7n9hdZFMcKpflh9Vd3L9lP3sR4tHXWC6rZqVEmAN7lymr9OpeBq-uIR3qhFs6STcUEGRILcgSoGJefVDO/s400/H%C3%A4rjedalen+publ+1926+ss.jpg" style="display: block; height: 233px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> People at Rutfjället in Härjedalen. Folk foran en gamme på Rutfjället i Härjedalen. Published: 1926.</span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275954665075882258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHqaSko1FEvz04WmMVWSviQl_WLefWpOyxbcmhjwzcZryaNjpZXQzOXhs2VSfmRJsptKF7_fYukpvAt_Lc6mR1AT9v3oUPISqrOdn9-eFi4kXG1DdrNWESGcMrKL5HYBa7nxxrfpOZ6Dzz/s400/Samisk+Camp+Sweden+cropped.jpg" style="display: block; height: 195px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Before 1900. Før 1900.</span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275930623442322578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3OJ4_2vZbpW_9Sac2epa9Io1baL6jskEOQOzzqMhNXPs-4T4hKEg6Eso97ou5EkkDNbTiL4kCIfyjUKghc47-bapHH4gT4qVelUnNWiHC7uKo97W8UlhCck1pNymatk3q3Tbrl6jn_BNe/s400/Girls+from+J%C3%A4mtland+Sweden.jpg" style="display: block; height: 223px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Saami near Vallbo Chapel in Jämtland. During summers the Sami are for the most up in the mountains, where they live in tents. Twice during the summers they gather for church meetings at the small chapels in the mountain villages. Samer nær Vallbo kapell i Jämtland. I løpet av sommeren er samene for det meste å finne i høyfjellet, hvor de bor i telt. To ganger i løpet av sommeren samles de for kirkemøter i de små kapellene i fjellbygdene. </span><br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275945719842203250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXrA4vtfOOK7etIBCpAoxe54HKg4w5WoOMGnNcpc10JR39kFhLCpxr_TUHILNX0z664-A3cS4Q7VCrdlu9rkSiShj-136-_vUMGFHOzwovZxiURTEdhnxyRI2eRkfsncOICeIqomrpw45J/s400/Sami+family+Chicago+fair+1897.jpg" style="display: block; height: 314px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> A wealthy Saami family at the Chicago World Exhibit in 1897. The family is not named (other than Neil Bull) in the text, however it is told that the man owns about 2000 reindeers. With reference to the dress they seem to come from Jämtland or Västerbotten in Sweden. It is commented on the young appearance of the parents. En rik samisk familie på verdensutstillingen i Chicago (1897). Navnet på familien er ikke oppgitt i kilden, men det fortelles at mannen eier omtrent 2000 reinsdyr. Vurdert ut fra stilen på draktene og hodeplagg ser de ut til å være fra Jämtland eller Västerbotten i Sverige. Teksten til bildet kommenterer hvor ung foreldrene ser ut.</span><br />
<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275944810904298466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYUGgtiSqf_muC9uGvsfC3wX8KiafDaCZY9SLuEJmS9KsL49JgCB290rwR4WQRawp6QYJvddbOotDww-OmFhADqB2rUzXOlH6NZ6a6qKUd2MaBIDCfbAousyq8tDkqwEAHT5fNDfFX8kDE/s400/saami+mother+with+children+lavvo.jpg" style="display: block; height: 268px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">From Swedish Lappland, late 1800 eds. Fra Svensk Lappland på slutten av 1800-tallet. </span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275944640864137746" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoW0yGbXthl3_1P3RgrRk_n7ac24lzb-RbzCYsfKkdlM8J2qNJAuSbXocHda7cliqhyphenhyphenMcjJ0YHEgSt3Sl3MaxoIF4oLuwVxvZcIiqLJFMN7rIm_dPeM7Lswz1ov-HHzfpzT8PY2B_TeRCV/s400/Saami+man+with+reindeer+one+leg.jpg" style="display: block; height: 297px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">From Swedish Lappland, late 1800 eds. Fra Svensk Lappland på slutten av 1800-tallet.</span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 180%;">Västerbotten County - Fylke (Län)</span></strong><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275933364390573282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpafpQHPOQmpPrO92O-RZ6U72M29ELbxRBlaRCBNjarAiTLHl4UcKXj1ypj-oppDnuOSEg_D_P0r3eZ4xPbiDrjKbQKU-e3w-3vxmdD3e7r2uw_WTTKejZ1BXvmTIvL1EImBdF51OEfx21/s400/skann0015+%282%29+-+Kopi.jpg" style="display: block; height: 247px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Sami man in front of a traditional Sami storehouse on pillars, Åsele in Västerbotten, Sweden. Samisk mann foran et tradisjonelt samisk stabbur, Åsele i Västerbotten.</span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275932791417251394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBoWpKTVWpN9lh-Vjs7447vjCCPi51qxBa0v3fYPX92MKiyy8y3Drup9mEwxeRJfEuxqu5zsArUCKiv8E-UQMDyyho6oi6_p3BG5QKmKuV9LDZroy0877K5YkgJrjVbxuQSupKHZ_8yIyo/s400/skann0011+-+Kopi+ss.jpg" style="display: block; height: 232px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> Forest Saami place in Malå, Västerbotten Sweden. The forest Sami usually owns a farm, acreage or a forest area in addition to reindeers. Skogsamisk sted i Malå, Västerbotten. Skogssamene eier vanligvis (så og si uten unntak) en gård, et dyrkningsområde eller et skogsareal i tillegg til reinsdyrene. Published: 1926.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275932446333304258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLD9sxSuA42oEwzV6UuKmqHTFMX47dtE7NuaZ_L6wpgyqY-omrdgtzVsheenRvy63veJ8CVI5vRtAiZY1dOcrCSnKvBDMEaqkHwmlgCOeiCHoGHpCzCbPaJqAGjwpzbHLumwlOkjlRncTf/s400/skann0009+-+Kopi+s.jpg" style="display: block; height: 220px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Church village near Fatmomakke (Kultsjön) in Västerbotten, Sweden. This village is inhabited twice a year, in June or July and in the beginning of September. Then settled and Lapp people gather here. Et kirkested nær Fatmomakke (Kultsjön) i Västerbotten. Dette stedet er bosatt to ganger om året, i Juni-Juli og i begynnelsen av September. Da møtes bofaste og samiske folk her. Published: 1926. </span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275954897352860722" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMupiT9HSvGHSmHjT_kaXBw1mM7q_nEFf2l5O6LUg4Ff7J7H4kYW2PRin7PsKyTz1jkBlfpnBGaAHXSCPHHlWhOQnTh_aWgtq91lQN479RmSruMatPoDF2zxfYGlMDgW0Y9Q7QnR8FWEAQ/s400/Swedish+sami+people+1800eds.jpg" style="display: block; height: 262px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275932232044432434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvhZvfNhyPMjbIXYVCSKLccRi8abDLcldePQMNX6gitYeigzznFqxh7SZ0MzdK0z4ShaTwkdbr6MVWl-QJAp7AIuUDBT1nbUpJ0crpgguF5EKNl1FxqhawjkLfzgHYrtMlxAVBPLkpsb2/s400/skann0008+-+Kopi+s.jpg" style="display: block; height: 222px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Sami storehouses for food in Malå, Västerbotten Sweden. Storehouses were built in places where herding Sami used to stay for somewhat longer time during the reindeer migration. Samiske lagringshus for mat i Malå, Västerbotten. Slike lagre ble bygget på steder hvor samene hadde lengre opphold under flyttingen av reinsdyr. Published: 1926. </span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275931930875719538" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP9av1DKX8o_d83mp9CH4kHdenAUFMpWZTArTfikj3PPdbPz0bsGOC13bcqar8OtENDIY4YXxa4vZdNAIehMfGbtQ6ZTVF1yKsOtxdthzDzmOhV2RKhQigoS280K1w1D6bvRmeg-sOaF3q/s400/skann0006+-+Kopi+s.jpg" style="display: block; height: 258px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> A settled Saami family from Stensele in Västerbotten County. Most of the Sami population in the southern part of Lappland have settled and engage in the same occupations and habits as the Swedish population near by. En fastboende samisk familie i Stensele, Västerbotten fylke. Den samiske befolkingen i sørlige Lappland har i liten grad beholdt sitt gamle levesett. De aller fleste har bosatt seg og innehar de samme yrker og vaner som den svenske nabobefolkingen. Published: 1926<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 78%;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 78%;">My comment: Population genetics seem to teach us that most Southern Saami have not settled as farmers in central and southern Sweden, they have been pressured to the highlands and northwards from the earliest era of colonization. The Saami genes that are dated back to the Palaeolithic in the Nordic are today concentrated in the northern parts of Sweden and the Nordic. What more likely have happened is that the Saami first were pressured from the most fertile land areas by Christian agricultural colonisers from the late medieval, and then pressured northwards during the height of European colonialism and cultural imperialism by agriculturists and nobility during 1700 and 1800eds.<br />
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Min kommentar på denne teksten som står under bildet er at befolkningsgenetikk ser ut til å fortelle en annen historie, nemlig at de fleste samene ikke bosatte seg som bønder i de sentrale og sør samiske områdene. De samiske genene som er datert til paleolittisk tid i Norden er i dag konsentrert i de nordlige områdene av Sverige og i Norden. Hva som mer sannsynlig har skjedd er at samene først er blitt presset fra områdene med det mest dyrkbare landet av kristne koloniherrer fra senmiddelalderen, og at de deretter er presset til høyfjellet og nordover under den europeiske koloniserings og kulturelle imperialisme perioden av bønder og adelskap i løpet av 1700 og 1800-tallet.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275931747914985874" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii9t6m7lzgi6WVX9ciFiAFS2eyPCBZSDcnAZgjzsrd8bhwOsykZziOJp3aCW-fLjTrLwlVZDyiT0deJG2c0WmmDbQAR_HV64Izv5y84Vr5ZpSXugeCRrOcUX14PiW3-COHuRNhll78gSvD/s400/skann0004+-+Kopis.jpg" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 340px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Two old Sami men from Västerbotten. The reindeer herding Saami are many and most are well off and wealthy. The Saami from Västerbotten often moves the herds to the Gulf of Bothnia and during summers partly to Norway. To gamle samiske menn fra Västerbotten. Reineiere er som regel velberget og i forhold til folk i resten av området er de rike. Samene i Västerbotten flytter ofte sine dyr helt til Bottenviken om vinteren og delvis til Norge om sommeren. Published: 1926</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><strong>Norrbotten County - Fylke (Län)</strong></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvDbVMEf-HyFtXSMDaEcX_FE8dkGR15sJh_UHTAzLdOwN9F_qvP7XhDXFN2S6Y5f6nmPNhJ_BgUe1xts-5WcO2AEouP73vwJeDAq1_luKguK_OHIlQYufe011cNab3X0X5r18NVJi9f9rS/s1600-h/Nomad+Sami+group+in+Sweden+Norway+about+1900.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5276069480699699186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvDbVMEf-HyFtXSMDaEcX_FE8dkGR15sJh_UHTAzLdOwN9F_qvP7XhDXFN2S6Y5f6nmPNhJ_BgUe1xts-5WcO2AEouP73vwJeDAq1_luKguK_OHIlQYufe011cNab3X0X5r18NVJi9f9rS/s400/Nomad+Sami+group+in+Sweden+Norway+about+1900.jpg" style="display: block; height: 248px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a> <span style="font-size: 78%;">Nomad Sami group in the present areas of Sweden and Norway. Click on the picture. Samiske nomader i områdene Sverige & Norge. Klikk på bildet</span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5276067606558649938" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizzmUwduXFuhoEVQn0LfydzB-QYEDnrlq3ykANOwM7m_CbOAo6g9EzBPqhO48fTbojZtzY57E_vhWIHHhlTdQjeM8NRx4qvI1TOwdjUBOC1zftwPo5zkeWER44IpkpHqW97nv2i_qE9Evo/s400/Nomadskola+G%C3%A4llivare+Sverige+publ.+1926+s.jpg" style="display: block; height: 260px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Nomad school in Gällivare, Norbotten County Sweden. School teachers are following the children of the Nomad Saami when they are on the move. The language used is today mostly Swedish. Nomadeskole i Gällivare, Norrbotten. Lærerne følger barna til nomadesamene når de har flyttesesong. Språket det undervises på er for det meste svensk. Published: 1926</span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5276067755368308146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid0lG-kv4yBqmFIowz1fLPzvoFVDlR-KuMJ-7cijIAIhXEKG8RD6AlhM9v_ZanrMEdOD_0xZZqyTGyxnua7ajrhDDUfxGKUyQLkWzLSVY-R8qL1ttgqaACUXVoVSc-S9zXoGk_cmsQvxVi/s400/Saami+man+with+Lavvo+and+reindeer.jpg" style="display: block; height: 311px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;">Nomad Sami, Lavvo tent and reindeer in the areas of present Norway and Sweden. Flyttsame, Lavvo og reinsdyr i områdene av dagens Sverige og Norge.</span><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275934449339346626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOsRIfLr3K48QcHDfEQ3CSGwU_dVH4bkIw9nQC34ziYGs6FRfi02BgJxnPyOFRKrJQSJriKIFJ8pwDMAP0Esq_evj1-GEk7arFHSmhE-IdWV9NPf9TfAbjuEWBkjHJ_NWdfgapfLN3eVSF/s400/Skogsamisk+by+Udtja+Lule+Lappmark+Norrbotten+Sverige+publ.+1926s.jpg" style="display: block; height: 216px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /><span style="font-size: 78%;"> Forest Sami farm in Udtja, Lule in Norrbotten, Sweden. They move the reindeers in the forests. Skogsamisk gård i Udtja, Lule i Norbotten, Sverige. De flytter reinsdyrene i skogene. Published: 1926. </span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 180%;">Interesting to read:</span></strong><br />
<a href="http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/itinerario/bookreviews-06.html" target="_blank">Colonialism in the Margins: Cultural Encounters in New Sweden and Lapland</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-47160614986234707662008-12-04T00:12:00.015+01:002008-12-10T02:12:27.762+01:00Wood Tar, Boris Gleb and Pomor Trade - Tretjære, Boris Gleb og Pomorhandel<a target="_blank" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjovRrp3YYXcG9xA3xcpByVUfpzm8uleav9pOVkBxJDk5VYJHzqS9qnZI0KaEpN0dYv3OCSXq9Pq-K8tcNGkTs9movlVlspqDw7r_1fjebfpDPxgkI1nhRA5lpOuatR9WXthJj6VbiVuLk/s1600-h/detail+2+Boris+Gleb+published+1894.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 237px" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275677907560919794" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjovRrp3YYXcG9xA3xcpByVUfpzm8uleav9pOVkBxJDk5VYJHzqS9qnZI0KaEpN0dYv3OCSXq9Pq-K8tcNGkTs9movlVlspqDw7r_1fjebfpDPxgkI1nhRA5lpOuatR9WXthJj6VbiVuLk/s400/detail+2+Boris+Gleb+published+1894.jpg" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><em>Click on the picture - Klikk på bildet.<br /></em></span><br />This segment of picture is an engraving (published in 1894) it is made after a photography by M. Ch. Rabot. Skolt Sami men in Boris Gleb (present Russia) is treating a small boat, using bundled twigs as a brush. They likely used wood tar to caulk the boat. Wood tar has been mixed with hair, fibres or moss as caulking when building the boats <a target="_blank" href="http://www.foteviken.se/sewnboat/part2/part2.htm">Foteviken</a><br />Wood tar was also used to caulk e.g.containers of different sorts, skis and sleighs.<br /><br />Dette er et utsnitt av et gravert bilde som ble publisert i 1894 og er laget etter et fotografi av M. CH. Rabot. Skolt samiske menn fra Boris Gleb i dagens Russland behandler en liten båt ved å bruke buntede kviser som pensel. Det som brukes for å tette båten er sannsynligvis tretjære. Tre-tjære ble brukt i en blanding med hår, fibrer og mose for å tette båter når de ble bygget. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.foteviken.se/sewnboat/part2/part2.htm">Foteviken</a><br />Tretjære ble også brukt til å tette for eksempel ulike slags beholdere, ski og pulker.<br /><br /><center><div><embed style="WIDTH: 400px; HEIGHT: 375px" name="flashticker" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" align="middle" src="http://widget-5f.slide.com/widgets/slideticker.swf" quality="high" scale="noscale" salign="l" wmode="transparent" flashvars="cy=bb&il=1&channel=504403158303404639&site=widget-5f.slide.com"></embed> <div style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; WIDTH: 400px"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.slide.com/pivot?cy=bb&at=un&id=504403158303404639&map=1"><img border="0" src="http://widget-5f.slide.com/p1/504403158303404639/bb_t054_v000_s0un_f00/images/xslide1.gif" /></a> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.slide.com/pivot?cy=bb&at=un&id=504403158303404639&map=2"><img border="0" src="http://widget-5f.slide.com/p2/504403158303404639/bb_t054_v000_s0un_f00/images/xslide2.gif" /></a> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.slide.com/pivot?cy=bb&at=un&id=504403158303404639&map=F"><img border="0" src="http://widget-5f.slide.com/p4/504403158303404639/bb_t054_v000_s0un_f00/images/xslide42.gif" /></a></div></div></center><br /><br />To burn wood tar they often used wooden roots and according to this source it was produced about 120 litre wood tar from about 2.4 cubic meters roots. In the northernmost areas of Sapmi the roots typically used were from the pine tree and in the following site from Porsanger County in Finnmark you can see photos from such a wood-tar making process<br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.porsanger.kommune.no/index.php?id=166518&showtipform=1&cat=21685&gb=">Tjæremila</a><br /><br />I lenken over kan man se hvordan tretjære ble laget og i følge forfatteren kunne man produsere omtrent 120 liter tretjære av 1 favn røtter. I de nordligste områdene av Sapmi brukte man vanligvis fururøtter.<br /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 247px" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275698156018441762" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlDQphcErH4SvAeTa4PRJWBjJHETp8WAS-J2kXweUI5PjZfAM2B8NFe9HOHsFCjhXW3b3vPvLiXQvJir5GIKV8UCJxKcvLsagj4GyeLPHMo1oSRINekEYqw0FaoIV_i-IIhBhJapbGu14b/s400/Nordic+left+and+Russians+to+the+right.+Nordic+people+is+offering+dried+pike+fish,+flour,+axes,+knives,+scissors,+cloth+etc.++Russians+offer+skins,+butter,+arrows+and+bows.jpg" /> <em><a target="_blank" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomor_trade">Pomor trade</a> have long traditions in the Nordic and people had traded in the same way even before that. In this engraving by Olaus Magnus 1555, the Sami are on the left and the Russians on the right. The trade was exchange of goods: The people of the Nordic offered fish, flour, axes, knives, scissors, cloth etc. while the Russians offered skins, butter, arrows, bows, etc.<br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomorhandel">Pomorhandel</a> har lange tradisjoner i Norden og folk har handlet på samme måte før det. I denne graveringen av Olaus Magnus 1555 ser man samene til venstre og russerne til høyre. De byttehandlet: Folkene fra Norden tilbød fisk, mel, økser, kniver, sakser, tekstiler etc. mens russerne tilbød skinn, smør, piler, buer, etc. </em><br /><br /><br />In Finnmark county <strong>wood tar</strong> was sometimes traded from Pomor Russian in exchange for Norwegian fish, as late as in 1920ies according to Thaden (2001).<br /><br />I Finnmark fylke ble <strong>tretjære</strong> brukt som handelsbytte for fisk av Pomorene, så sent som i 1920-årene i følge Thaden (2001).<br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinj1pYRA8Yu4Nk8JlVdduKm7ZT_w39_x6CebMHwzBGHMqu6d8JfJnXlwrn3uTVZgw4xUmHUPEVUEXlESGF_eRK23hkjnp9UMSlI058mtVLzid4eo_G8suoNo17uGY-TnxAa76PAwbwNhKt/s1600-h/Russian+pomors+before+1917.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 224px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 320px" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275697348953564514" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinj1pYRA8Yu4Nk8JlVdduKm7ZT_w39_x6CebMHwzBGHMqu6d8JfJnXlwrn3uTVZgw4xUmHUPEVUEXlESGF_eRK23hkjnp9UMSlI058mtVLzid4eo_G8suoNo17uGY-TnxAa76PAwbwNhKt/s320/Russian+pomors+before+1917.jpg" /></a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><em>Photo: Russian Pomors before 1917. Russiske pomorer før 1917.</em></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><strong></strong></span><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>References:</strong></span><br /><br />"State and People in the History of Northern Norwegians and White Sea and Kola Russians" by Edward Thaden, East European Quarterly, Vol. 35, 2001.<br /><br />“Sewn boats of the North: A preliminary catalogue with introductory comments. Part 2*” by Christer Westerdahl. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration (1985) 14.2: 119-142<br /><br />”Tjæremila” av Mari Reinersen (Porsanger kommunes nettside, 2008)<br /><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Kart_nordkalotten.png">Map: Places participating in the Pomor trade</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6869265990906377740.post-78820093526443768962008-08-14T21:14:00.068+02:002012-01-17T16:14:53.381+01:00Northern Sami, The Pathfinder and an Old British Legend - Nordsamer, Veiviseren og en britisk legende<div align="left"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEqhyvvf9jiva8TGMFBMOs0156GaQuAalEiLUQA9FRUZ2v82k5iJg3r4GyY0vKcV1oM62QXTed7n2v-NgFzb9qNJNNhkne3DPgCNrP_UvSuqHhN9L9mrSD3jbmKVpmMUi6ffPwJpbSP6AV/s1600-h/Same_Rasmus_Josefsen_Utsi_Kautokeino_Finnmark_Norge_1884_Bonaparte.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5234444105296938258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEqhyvvf9jiva8TGMFBMOs0156GaQuAalEiLUQA9FRUZ2v82k5iJg3r4GyY0vKcV1oM62QXTed7n2v-NgFzb9qNJNNhkne3DPgCNrP_UvSuqHhN9L9mrSD3jbmKVpmMUi6ffPwJpbSP6AV/s400/Same_Rasmus_Josefsen_Utsi_Kautokeino_Finnmark_Norge_1884_Bonaparte.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><br />
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<center><span style="font-size: 78%;"><em>Samisk mann, Rasmus Josefsen Utsi, Kautokeino 1884: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Sami_Rasmus_Josefsen_Utsi_Kautokeino_Finnmark_Norway_1884_Bonaparte.jpg" target="_blank">Download Photo</a></em></span></center><center><span style="font-size: 78%;"></span></center><center><span style="font-size: 78%;"> <br />
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<center><embed base="http://www.slideroll.com" height="300" id="slideshow" salign="tl" scale="noscale" src="http://www.slideroll.com/player.php?s=ww5bxwu1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="360" wmode="transparent"></embed></center><span style="font-size: 78%;">Portraits in the slideshow are of Norwegian Saami Men in the heart of Sapmi, by Roland Bonaparte in 1884. Portretter av norske samiske menn tatt midt i de samiske områder av Roland Bonaparte i 1884.</span></div></span></center><span style="font-size: 78%;"> <br />
<a href="http://cwfp.biz/cgi-bin/se/bonaparte_lapons/tm.pl?itm&fd08.47&14_BonaparteLapons" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5234445840129717922" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9I_ncthmDG0osx_H9-d1KU2afS4haT5ByzWJxDEjEdYqrIhjaQUq2c9cPaJKeYJTmQNhDFoDDQLMCPEAv-AHfDL90kQhrW15IJbz5P4w2a80EEu-26NTNa9JPtZiWoKSBrpwDM9luo7U2/s400/Mena+Abrahamsen+Norway.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><em>Norwegian Saami, Mena Abrahamsen. Credit to Christopher Wahren Fine Photographs: </em></span><a href="http://cwfp.biz/cgi-bin/se/bonaparte_lapons/tm.pl?intro&14_BonaparteLapons&1" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><em>Special Exhibit: Laplander Studies by Roland Bonaparte </em></span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><em><br />
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<span style="font-size: 78%;">"Ofelas" from the film "The Pathfinder” by Nils Gaup, 1987. Fra Veiviseren med sang av Mari Boine.</span></div><br />
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<center><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/F8YlqlST1mE?rel=0" width="420"></iframe> </center><span style="font-size: 78%;"> <center>“The Pathfinder”. Veiviseren eller Ofelas.</center></span><span style="font-size: 78%;"> <a href="http://cwfp.biz/cgi-bin/se/bonaparte_lapons/tm.pl?itm&fd08.21&14_BonaparteLapons" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5234446591689932978" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9RzW1U3cwXUGjUb2tbbP9G9I_0F4jSp8-aVG5Rt6qPv2cAYNr-uVIhGMmLJzgjWU3pQ-wZyLvyjoOM_tkGS6DF6Df3YYpAbcId4YTt2DpiUvG7l7ru9c_yWTKG1dTfzIZVds5x6vD8PCE/s400/Anders+Johansson+Omma+Sweden+Finland.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">Anders Johansson Omma from the border area between present Sweden and Finland. Credits to Christopher Wahren Fine Photographs: </span></em><a href="http://cwfp.biz/cgi-bin/se/bonaparte_lapons/tm.pl?intro&14_BonaparteLapons&1" target="_blank"><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">Special Exhibit: Laplander Studies by Roland Bonaparte </span></em></a></span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><i><br />
</i></span></span> <span style="font-size: 130%;">These are Anthropological photographies that I wrote about in a </span><a href="http://saamiblog.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2007-09-01T00%3A00%3A00%2B02%3A00&updated-max=2007-10-01T00%3A00%3A00%2B02%3A00&max-results=1" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 130%;">blog from September 2007</span></a><span style="font-size: 130%;">. Dette er antropologiske foto som jeg omtalte i en </span><a href="http://saamiblog.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2007-09-01T00%3A00%3A00%2B02%3A00&updated-max=2007-10-01T00%3A00%3A00%2B02%3A00&max-results=1" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 130%;">blogg fra September 2007</span></a><span style="font-size: 130%;">.</span><br />
<a href="http://cwfp.biz/cgi-bin/se/bonaparte_lapons/tm.pl?itm&fd08.50&14_BonaparteLapons" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5234446391243240498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4GNl4ACz5_iEcjqSjebun54XsxkQwrvsHsECb5xWQCUHI3EwxV9gsa1gyhtoJwlWVa-MiAwul7AgZeUVEjQHyVHmoOA8bw49uOZTa-7kxwOMYrIjHCcmdNWfYfMjQ7uqtDQYSvfcgYx7M/s400/Anders+Andersen+Anto+Finnmark+Norway.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">Anders Andersen Anto from Nesseby in Eastern Finnmark, Norway. Credit to Christopher Wahren Fine Photographs: </span></em><a href="http://cwfp.biz/cgi-bin/se/bonaparte_lapons/tm.pl?intro&14_BonaparteLapons&1" target="_blank"><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">Special Exhibit: Laplander Studies by Roland Bonaparte </span></em></a><br />
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<span style="font-size: 78%;"><a href="http://cwfp.biz/cgi-bin/se/bonaparte_lapons/tm.pl?itm&fd08.40&14_BonaparteLapons" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5234446789945607378" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3GlxuHjT_MhhRpdU1XxpHwSI4vxMLAggf3hW2ZiNGoJa9xSHKxmwjBoUUgGei5zQSMlgX82dz-J85ubqedCPZJ6E0SltGllCcfqM2ee5Nl0QFxbMu-P2RqNPBWV8mdWu5NV3QqywOVu6U/s400/Ole+Olsen+Stal+Finnmark+Norway.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a></span><span style="font-size: 78%;"><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">Ole Olsen Stal (Stall) a Saami from Varanger in Eastern Finnmark, Norway. Credit to Christopher Wahren Fine Photographs: </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="http://cwfp.biz/cgi-bin/se/bonaparte_lapons/tm.pl?intro&14_BonaparteLapons&1" target="_blank">Special Exhibit: Laplander Studies by Roland Bonaparte</a></span></em></span><br />
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<center><span style="font-size: 78%;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5237384561135679954" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjChJ97q3DAEcde1CBB-ZGXHTY93sWCJSf2js4dbnKHyFzLcGCC8YAE1_8B6_JQnjqUYVgfJAIKNBZar1FYTmAMqgZysEiq7zDhHR3Mp3ObtLFPco3wGXQUSfbQGf57qxZcHqqDnrr7zBk/s400/King+Arthur+as+one+of+the+Nine+Worthies,+detail+from+the+Christian+Heroes+Tapestry+dated+c.+1385..jpg" /></span></center><span style="font-size: 78%;"><em>King Arthur as one of the Nine Worthies, detail from the Christian Heroes Tapestry dated c. 1385.</em></span><span style="font-size: 78%;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia;"><strong>The Legend of King Arthur and about King Edgar of Angeles</strong><br />
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The text is from “Certeine Testimonies concerning K. Arthur and his conquests of the North regions, taken out of the historie of the kings of Britaine”. Written by Galfridus Monmentensis, and printed at Heidelberge anno 1587.<br />
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The following texts are quotes and a short summary into modern language with Latin names put in parenthesis, and some comments of mine.<br />
The Legend of King Arthur of Britains (517 AD) tells that the same people lived in Scantia that is now called Norway, and on the Islands beyond Norway (Norweia) and appertaining into Norway, Sweden (Suechordam), Gotland (Gutlandiam), Denmarke (Daciam) …. Lapland (Lappam), and other lands of the East Sea (Orientalis Oceani = Østersjøen, Östersjön, the Baltic Sea) even into Russian Lapland (Lappa) and Russia (Russiam). There are additional areas mentioned in the text. He placed Russian Lapland and the Baltic Sea shores of Russia as the eastern Bounds of his British Empire (Britannia).<br />
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This text surprisingly tells that the Christian king Arthur baptized people all over Norway to believe in one God. If so, that is long before Saint Olaf of Norway (995 - 1030) christened Norway.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><em>“<span style="font-size: 85%;">At that time all the noble men of Norway tooke wiues of the noble nation of the Britaines, </span></em></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">whereupon the Norses say, that they are descended of the race and blood of this kingdome…</span></em></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">…For this cause the Norses say, that they ought to dwell with vs in this kingdome, to wit, </span></em></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">that they belong to the crowne of Britaine: </span></em></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">for they had rather dwell here then in their owne natiue countrey, </span></em></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">which is drie and full of mountaines, and barren, </span></em></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">and no graine growing there, but in certeine places”</span></em><span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: 85%;">(End of Quote). </span></span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/hakluyt/voyages/v01/chapter1.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;">Richard Hakluyt: Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation</span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span><br />
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The legend of King Arthur described the people of Norweia as wild and savage, did not love God or their neighbours, because all evil come from the North, yet there were among them certain Christians. Like with the Norse Sagas, Octher’s Travel (Ohthere’s Voyages) and other stories from this period of time, the reliability of King Arthur Legends is controversial in regard to what is fact and fiction and if king Arthur himself was a </span><a href="http://www.britannia.com/history/arthur/karef.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">fact</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> or </span><a href="http://www.britannia.com/history/arthur/kamyth.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">a myth</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;">. As known, chosen parts and certain interpretations of the Norse Sagas have been central in the history building and historical discourse of the Nordic countries. When the ideas about Good, God and Evil are ignored the Legends of King Arthur are at least as historical interesting as other texts from this era. Nennius about 800 AD with “Historia Brittonum” was the first author of this legend. In spite of the controversies, the geographical descriptions are most likely based on observed facts. This legend indirectly provides an ethnic description of the Saami and the rest of the people in the Nordic. It also sounds reasonable that most of the land in Norway actually was deserted and grains only grew in certain places.</span></span><br />
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<center><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQg11jNEG-sUkSel9sEI5tM66755UqzSXo-PRC5HPx-ubsDRAXBd6gg9H2-rqTYNuuKvaSiyvCXtn7trljktREBcHZHQj46gig0hThvH5qzzHdLjzkPcfbQbF09-SlKR-IDAw9v0giUAE/s1600-h/Olaus_Magnus_Scandza+ca+1520.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5252630716059810546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQg11jNEG-sUkSel9sEI5tM66755UqzSXo-PRC5HPx-ubsDRAXBd6gg9H2-rqTYNuuKvaSiyvCXtn7trljktREBcHZHQj46gig0hThvH5qzzHdLjzkPcfbQbF09-SlKR-IDAw9v0giUAE/s400/Olaus_Magnus_Scandza+ca+1520.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a></center></span></center><span style="font-family: georgia;"><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">This is an ancient map of the Scandinavian areas made by Olaus Magnus about 1520. In this map you can see that Norvegia is at the southern tip of present Norway, south of Tilemarchia. It is also interesting to see that Biarmia was the Russian Saami Areas at the Kola Peninsula. Dette er et eldgammelt kart av Skandinavia som ble laget av Olaus Magnus ca. 1520. På dette kartet kan du se at området som ble kalt Norvegia var på sørspissen av dagens Norge, sør for Tilemarchia. Det er også interessant at Biarmia var i dagens Russisk Samiske områder på Kola halvøya.<br />
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Some thoughts about the content and possible implications of King Arthur legend: The Latin geographical names “Lappam” and for Russian Lapland “Lappa” were used very early in history. It further tells that the noble men of Norweia took wives of the noble nation of the Britaines, whereupon the Norse says, that they are descended of the race and blood of this kingdom. It is not specified who these noble men were or who the wives they got from Britain were. It could have been women with haplogroup U7, it is of Central Asian origin. In the Oseberg Viking mound grave the mtDNA U7 was found in the younger of the two Norse noble women, both women were 152 cm tall (i.e. 59.8 inches) (Source: </span><a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article2389915.ece" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Per Holck, 2008</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;">). MtDNA U7 still is observed infrequently on the British Isles </span><a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1274484" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">and particularly in Scotland</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;">. You can read more about this in an </span><a href="http://saamiblog.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2007-08-01T00%3A00%3A00%2B02%3A00&updated-max=2007-09-01T00%3A00%3A00%2B02%3A00&max-results=1" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">earlier blogpost</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;">. </span></span></div></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia;">According to <a href="http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/hakluyt/voyages/v01/chapter10.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">a later text</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> by King Edgar of Angles (959–975 AD) his empire was extended to include Norway (Noruegiam) like with his forefathers. This means that the Kingdom of Britain once included Noruegiam. It was not the exact same areas as present Norway.<br />
</span></span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">If the texts of these old legends and poems reflect real observations, the people within all these geographical areas were ethnically similar, from the British Isles and Ireland, bordering the East Sea towards Russia and in the north including Russian Lapland (called Lappa).<br />
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<center><span style="font-family: georgia;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5237385155473871234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFKpDfKSW5CINQIAeZflHNhQbswMwHO2RjbqDLt9494uXtNN5upm2LAtpatlfdwb6Gu8sRUlqTMWlGAVsqykdc9iFJWkq_03z1GEDR-S6z4Js9VtnkTtZmcDtkOmD47ovTk-j5bRrZF8s/s400/Page+from+the+Book+of+Aneurin+,+MS+c.+1275.+From+the+1908+facsimile+edition+by+J,+Gwenogvryn+Evans.jpg" /></span></center><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><em><span style="font-size: 78%;">Page from the Book of Aneurin , MS c. 1275. From the 1908 facsimile edition by J, Gwenogvryn Evans</span></em> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia;"><strong>Legenden til kong Arthur og om kong Edgar av Anglia</strong><br />
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Teksten er engelsk: “Certeine Testimonies concerning K. Arthur and his conquests of the North regions, taken out of the historie of the kings of Britaine”. Skrevet av Galfridus Monmentensis, og trykket i Heidelberge anno 1587.<br />
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De følgende tekster er sitat og korte summeringer til moderne språk med Latinske navn i parentes og noen av mine kommentarer.<br />
I følge legenden av Kong Arthur av Britain (517 e. kr.) levde det samme folket i Scantia som nå kalles Norge, og på øyene over Norge (Norweia) og grensende til Norge, Sverige (Suechordam), Gotland (Gutlandiam), Danmark (Daciam)… Lapland (Lappam), og andre land tilhørende Østersjøen (Orientalis Oceani), til med inn i Russland (Russiam). Det nevnes også andre områder i denne teksten. Han plasserte Russisk Lappland (Lappa) og strendene mot Østersjøen i Russland som den østlige grense av sitt britiske rike (Britannia). Denne teksten overrasker med å fortelle at den kristne kong Arthur døpte folk i hele Norge til å tro på en gud. Hvis så, da var dette lenge før Olav den Hellige (995 – 1030) kristnet Norge.</span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <em>“<span style="font-size: 85%;">På den tiden tok alle noble menn av Norge koner fra den noble nasjonen av Britannia, </span></em></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;"><em>hvoretter de Norse sier at de kommer fra rasen og samme blod som i dette kongedømme… </em></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;"><em>…Av denne grunn sa de Norrøne at de burde være med oss i dette kongedømme, </em></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;"><em>for å vite at de tilhører den britiske tronen: for de ville heller være her enn i sitt opprinnelsesland, som er tørt og fullt av fjell, </em></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;"><em>og ufruktbart, og uten korn som vokser der, unntatt på noen få steder” </em></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><em><span style="font-size: 85%;">(Slutt på fritt oversatt sitat over).</span></em> </span></div><div align="left"><a href="http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/hakluyt/voyages/v01/chapter1.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;">Richard Hakluyt: Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><br />
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Legenden til kong Arthur beskrev folket i Norge som ville og usiviliserte, de elsket ikke gud eller sine naboer, fordi all ondskap kommer fra nord, likevel var det blant dem noen kristne. Akkurat som med de Norrøne Sagaene, reiseberetningene til Ottar og andre historier fra denne tidsperioden, så er reliabiliteten av legenden kontroversiell i forhold til hva som er fakta og hva som er fiksjon, og om kong Arthur var </span><a href="http://www.britannia.com/history/arthur/karef.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">faktisk</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> eller </span><a href="http://www.britannia.com/history/arthur/kamyth.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">mytisk</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;">. Vi kjenner til at utvalgte deler og visse tolkninger av de Norrøne sagaer har vært sentral i historiebyggingen og den historiske diskurs i de nordiske landene. Dersom man overser ideene om Godhet, Gud og Ondskap så er Kong Arthurs Legender minst like historisk interessante som andre tekster fra denne tiden. Nennius fra 800 AD var den første som nedtegnet legenden i ”Historia Brittonum”. Trass i kontroversene så er de geografiske beskrivelsene mest sannsynlig basert på observerte fakta. Dette er også en indirekte etnisk beskrivelse av samene og resten folket her i Norden. Det virker sannsynlig at mesteparten av landet i datidens Norge var ubebodd, udyrket og at korn kun vokste på noen få steder.<br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia;">Noen tanker om mulige implikasjoner av kong Arthurs legender:<br />
De latinske geografiske navnene ”Lappam” og for Russisk Lappland ”Lappa” ble brukt svært tidlig. Den forteller at de noble menn av Norweia giftet seg med koner av den noble nasjonen Brittain, hvoretter de norrøne sier at de er av samme rase og blod som i dette kongedømmet. Det er ikke spesifisert hvem disse noble menn var eller hvem konene de fikk fra Brittain var. Det kunne ha vært kvinner med haplogruppe U7, som er av sentral asiatisk opprinnelse. I Vikinggraven med Osebergskipet ble mtDNA U7 funnet hos den yngste av de to Norrøne noble kvinnene, kroppshøyden til begge kvinner var 152 cm (Kilde: </span><a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article2389915.ece" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Per Holck, 2008</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;">). MtDNA U7 er fremdeles observert lavfrekvent på de britiske øyer </span><a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1274484" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">og spesielt i Skottland</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;">. Du kan lese mer om dette i en </span><a href="http://saamiblog.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2007-08-01T00%3A00%3A00%2B02%3A00&updated-max=2007-09-01T00%3A00%3A00%2B02%3A00&max-results=1" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">tidligere bloggpost</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;">.<br />
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I følge </span><a href="http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/hakluyt/voyages/v01/chapter10.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">en senere tekst</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> av kong Edgar av Anglia (959–975 e. Kr.) så utvidet han sitt område til å inkludere Norge (Noruegiam) slik som sine forfedre. Dette betyr at det engelske kongedømme engang inkluderte Norge, men det var ikke eksakt de samme områder som dagens Norge.<br />
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Dersom det er slik at disse gamle historiene reflekterer faktiske observasjoner, så var folkene etnisk like fra de britiske øyer og Irland, med grense mot Russland i Østersjøen og i nord inkluderte dette Russisk Lappland (kalt Lappa).<br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 180%;"><strong>References / Referanser:<br />
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<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1274484" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;">mtDNA and the Islands of the North Atlantic: Estimating the Proportions of Norse and Gaelic Ancestry” by Agnar Helgason et al. 2001</span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br />
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</span><a href="http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/hakluyt/voyages/v01/chapter10.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;">The nauigation of King Edgar, taken out of Florentius Wigoriensis, Houeden, and M. Dee his discourse of the Brittish Monarchie, pag. 54, 55, &c.</span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br />
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</span><a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article2389915.ece" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;">Osebergdronningen døde av kreft</span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br />
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</span><a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article2391555.ece" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;">Revelations from Viking age</span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br />
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</span><a href="http://www.britannia.com/history/arthur/karef.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;">Early References to a Real Arthur</span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> by David Nash Ford<br />
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</span><a href="http://www.britannia.com/history/arthur/kamyth.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;">King Arthur, the Myth </span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">by David Nash Ford<br />
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</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;">About King Arthur in Wikipedia</span></a><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 85%;"><br />
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</span></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></center>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6