A. © Norsk Folkemuseum. Svensk Lappland om sommeren. “The English Atlas” av Moses Pitt (1639 - 1697) og J. Jansson. Jeg søker fortsatt etter teksten om "Svensk Lappland" som finnes i tilknytning til disse to illustrasjonene i den nevnte boken vil senere legge teksten i dette blogginnlegget. Swedish Lapland in the Summer. I am still searching for the text belonging to these two illustrations.
B. © Norsk Folkemuseum. “The English Atlas” av Moses Pitt (1639 - 1697) og J. Jansson: Svensk Lappland om vinteren. Sverige inkluderte hele dagens Finland, en del av det vestlige Russland og de Baltiske statene i den perioden da illustrasjonene ble laget. Swedish Lapland in the winter. Sweden included all of present Finland and the Baltic states in the period when the illustrations were made. Klikk her for å se kartet: Sverige (1658)
Samiske boliger fra 1700 til slutten av 1800-tallet
Som du kan se i disse gamle bildene som ble laget av Moses Pitt så er samene avbildet som om de kun bor i telt. Dette er bare en del av sannheten fordi noen samer var og er fremdeles "halvnomader" (dvs. de bodde i telt når de fulgte reinsdyrflokken om våren og sommeren og de hadde permanent bygde hjem om vinteren), noen samer var kun bønder og kombinerte jordbruk og fiske (fisker-bønder). Som nevnt i en tidligere blogg så bygde samene fra gammelt av hus av tømmer eller en kombinasjon av tømmer og jord-hus (gammer).
You can observe in the illustrations made by Moses Pitt that the Sami are depicted as living in tents. This is only a part of the fact, because some Sami were and some still are ”semi-nomads” (i.e. they lived in tents while following the reindeers herds during the spring & summer and had permanent built homes during the winters), some were exclusively farmers or some combined farming and fishing. As mentioned in a previous blog the Sami built from early on houses of timber or combined turf and timber.
Old engravings made by Knud Leem (a christian priest) are documenting different types of settlements of the Sami people from Porsanger in Finnmark, Norway in the early 1700's. The Sami lived in timbered houses and had additionally storehouses with cog joints / notched log constructions. Carl von Linne wrote about Sami farms in Sweden and Norway in the early 1700's: Lachesis lapponica. A tour in Lapland from the travel in he made in 1735 .
I nyere kart blir det informert på samene for det meste bor i jordhytter (gammer): Friis kart 1861
Det kan hende på kartet til Friis er en dokumentert del av en intensjonelt forvrengt historiefortelling. Det kan eventuelt være på dette kartet fra 1861 gir en indikasjon om den materielle og økonomiske undertrykkingen av samene som må vært alvorlig i løpet av 1800-tallet. Det kan også hende på kartet til Friis er en dokumentasjon på at omdefineringen av den kulturelle identiteten til samene i stor grad hadde skjedd i løpet av 1800-tallet. Muligens finnes det flere andre faktorer i tillegg til de nevnte som kan være en del av forklaringen for hvorfor den materielle situasjonen til samene endret seg så dramatisk fra 1700-tallet til sendt in 1800-tallet.
In newer maps it is told that the Sami mostly lived in turf huts (see the added link of a map by Friis). It might be that the map made by Friis is a documented part of intentionally distorted history. Eventually this map from 1861 may indicate that the material and economical oppression of the Sami people had been severe during the 1800's. It may be that the map made by Friis is a documentation of the redefinition of Sami cultural identity already in the 1800's. Likely additional factors or several of the mentioned factors are part of the explanation of why the material conditions of the Sami people changed so dramatically from 1700's to the late 1800's.
Trøndelag - Midt Norge
Finnmark i Nord-Norge
Hedemark - South Eastern Norway
Oppland fylke i Sør-Vest Norge.
Telemark i Sør-Norge
Samiske folk fra Telemark er også avbildet i gamle malerier f.eks "Telemarksjenter" (Telemark jenter) av Werenskiold.
I det følgende lenke kan du se gamle bilder av samer i et fransk museum, søk etter ordet: LAPON i samlingenes Index. Simple search: Lapon
Disse er gamle bilder av Eurenius & Quist og av I. Lindegaard på Musée d'Orsay, Frankrike og er tatt i ca. 1870-årene. To samiske par og et barn fra Dalarna i Sverige, et par fra Åsele og to andre bilder av svenske samer. Så er det bilder av samer fra Norge: Setesdalen (Agder fylke), Hitterdal (Telemark), Hardanger (Hordaland), Kautokeino (Finnmark) og et par folk med kostymer som jeg ikke kjenner opprinnelsen til.
1. Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan / Rognebærtre)
2. Rumex Acetosella = engsyre (no) = ängsyra (sv) = Common sorrel (Eng.) 
3. Rubus chamaemorus (Cloud Berry / Multebær).
Når engsyre blandes med reinsdyrmelk så kalles dette Juobmo på Samisk. When the Sami mix common sorrel with the reindeer milk it is in Sami language called Juobmo.
Hvorfor drakk samene reinsdyrblod?
Sitert fra s. 53-54, Pehr A. Siljestrøm 1842: "En omständighet i Lapparnas hushållning förtjenar att att omnämnas för den medicinska nytta densamma medför, nämligen det ymniga bruk de göra af syrkål (rumex acetosella) som växer i myckenhet på dessa kuster. De blanda den alltid uti mjölken som de förtära, hvilket lärer hafva den verkan, enligt hvad Hr Doctor Walter i Hammerfest försäkrade mig , att Lapparna mycket sällan angripas af skörbjugg, som deremot är en lika allmänn som till sin beskaffenhet ofta svår sjukdom bland de öfriga innebyggarena, hvilka ej begagna detta præservativ. Under tre års tid, som Doctor Walter varit i Hammerfest, hade han blott hört omtalas ett enda fall af skörbjugg bland Lapparna, dá denna sjukdom deremot tidtals under samma period varit ganska allmännt gängse bland Norrmännen. Mot skörbjugg bruka eljest Sjö-Lapparna varmt skälblod, likasom Fjäll-Lapparna renblod." Samene i fjellet drakk reinsdyrblod (se nummer 9 i vinter illustrasjon B) og kystsamene drakk blod fra sel, samt at de brukte vanlig engsyre (Rumex acetosella) i melken. I tillegg vet man at samene har brukt og de brukte rognebær og multebær for å få i seg nok vitamin C, og på den måten har de forhindret skjørbuk. Kilde: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, i synnerhet de nordligaste delarna af dette land, Pehr Adam Siljeström, 1842: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, jeg synnerhet de nordligaste delarna AF dette landet by Pehr Adam Siljestrøm 1842.
Why the Sami were drinking reindeer blood?
Omtrentlig oversatt fra Side 53 - 54 med Pehr A. Siljestrøm 1842. Roughly translated from page 53 - 54 from Pehr A. Siljeström, 1842: Common sorrel (Rumex acetosella, sheep sorrel) has a medical purpose for the Lapps. It is mixed in the milk they drink, which according to Doctor Walter in Hammerfest explains why the Lapps rarely suffer from scurvy, an illness that is a common and often a serious disease among the other inhabitants that never uses common sorrel. During a period of three years Doctor Walter had only heard about one single case of Scurvy among the Lapps, while it in the same period was rather common among the Norwegians. Against scurvy the Sea Lapps drink warm seal blood, while the Mountain Lapps drink reindeer blood. Source: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, i synnerhet de nordligaste delarna af dette land, Pehr Adam Siljeström, 1842: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, jeg synnerhet de nordligaste delarna AF dette landet by Pehr Adam Siljestrøm 1842. Sami people drank reindeer blood (see number 9 in the winter illustration B) and common sorrel in milk. Additionally it is known that they eat Rowan berries and Cloud berries for vitamin C, and in that way they prevents getting scurvy.
Video: Laila Spik - Swedish language with English subtitles. Laila Spik - Natural Remedies and Foods. Laila Spik - Samisk kultur och naturmedicin. Samisk kultur og naturmedisin.
In newer maps it is told that the Sami mostly lived in turf huts (see the added link of a map by Friis). It might be that the map made by Friis is a documented part of intentionally distorted history. Eventually this map from 1861 may indicate that the material and economical oppression of the Sami people had been severe during the 1800's. It may be that the map made by Friis is a documentation of the redefinition of Sami cultural identity already in the 1800's. Likely additional factors or several of the mentioned factors are part of the explanation of why the material conditions of the Sami people changed so dramatically from 1700's to the late 1800's.
Trøndelag - Midt Norge
Finnmark i Nord-Norge
Hedemark - South Eastern Norway
Oppland fylke i Sør-Vest Norge.
Telemark i Sør-Norge
Samiske folk fra Telemark er også avbildet i gamle malerier f.eks "Telemarksjenter" (Telemark jenter) av Werenskiold.
I det følgende lenke kan du se gamle bilder av samer i et fransk museum, søk etter ordet: LAPON i samlingenes Index. Simple search: Lapon
Disse er gamle bilder av Eurenius & Quist og av I. Lindegaard på Musée d'Orsay, Frankrike og er tatt i ca. 1870-årene. To samiske par og et barn fra Dalarna i Sverige, et par fra Åsele og to andre bilder av svenske samer. Så er det bilder av samer fra Norge: Setesdalen (Agder fylke), Hitterdal (Telemark), Hardanger (Hordaland), Kautokeino (Finnmark) og et par folk med kostymer som jeg ikke kjenner opprinnelsen til.
1. Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan / Rognebærtre)
Når engsyre blandes med reinsdyrmelk så kalles dette Juobmo på Samisk. When the Sami mix common sorrel with the reindeer milk it is in Sami language called Juobmo.
Hvorfor drakk samene reinsdyrblod?
Sitert fra s. 53-54, Pehr A. Siljestrøm 1842: "En omständighet i Lapparnas hushållning förtjenar att att omnämnas för den medicinska nytta densamma medför, nämligen det ymniga bruk de göra af syrkål (rumex acetosella) som växer i myckenhet på dessa kuster. De blanda den alltid uti mjölken som de förtära, hvilket lärer hafva den verkan, enligt hvad Hr Doctor Walter i Hammerfest försäkrade mig , att Lapparna mycket sällan angripas af skörbjugg, som deremot är en lika allmänn som till sin beskaffenhet ofta svår sjukdom bland de öfriga innebyggarena, hvilka ej begagna detta præservativ. Under tre års tid, som Doctor Walter varit i Hammerfest, hade han blott hört omtalas ett enda fall af skörbjugg bland Lapparna, dá denna sjukdom deremot tidtals under samma period varit ganska allmännt gängse bland Norrmännen. Mot skörbjugg bruka eljest Sjö-Lapparna varmt skälblod, likasom Fjäll-Lapparna renblod." Samene i fjellet drakk reinsdyrblod (se nummer 9 i vinter illustrasjon B) og kystsamene drakk blod fra sel, samt at de brukte vanlig engsyre (Rumex acetosella) i melken. I tillegg vet man at samene har brukt og de brukte rognebær og multebær for å få i seg nok vitamin C, og på den måten har de forhindret skjørbuk. Kilde: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, i synnerhet de nordligaste delarna af dette land, Pehr Adam Siljeström, 1842: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, jeg synnerhet de nordligaste delarna AF dette landet by Pehr Adam Siljestrøm 1842.
Why the Sami were drinking reindeer blood?
Omtrentlig oversatt fra Side 53 - 54 med Pehr A. Siljestrøm 1842. Roughly translated from page 53 - 54 from Pehr A. Siljeström, 1842: Common sorrel (Rumex acetosella, sheep sorrel) has a medical purpose for the Lapps. It is mixed in the milk they drink, which according to Doctor Walter in Hammerfest explains why the Lapps rarely suffer from scurvy, an illness that is a common and often a serious disease among the other inhabitants that never uses common sorrel. During a period of three years Doctor Walter had only heard about one single case of Scurvy among the Lapps, while it in the same period was rather common among the Norwegians. Against scurvy the Sea Lapps drink warm seal blood, while the Mountain Lapps drink reindeer blood. Source: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, i synnerhet de nordligaste delarna af dette land, Pehr Adam Siljeström, 1842: Anteckningar och observationer rörande Norrige, jeg synnerhet de nordligaste delarna AF dette landet by Pehr Adam Siljestrøm 1842. Sami people drank reindeer blood (see number 9 in the winter illustration B) and common sorrel in milk. Additionally it is known that they eat Rowan berries and Cloud berries for vitamin C, and in that way they prevents getting scurvy.
Video: Laila Spik - Swedish language with English subtitles. Laila Spik - Natural Remedies and Foods. Laila Spik - Samisk kultur och naturmedicin. Samisk kultur og naturmedisin.
Noen av plantene som er nevnt i denne videoen er: Some of the plants mentioned in this video are: Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan / Rognebærtre), Rubus chamaemorus (Cloud Berry / Multebær), Filipendula Ulmaria (Meadow Sweet / Mjødurt) og Rhodiola rosea Rosenrot(Rhodiola rosea).
Some of my comments and some quotes from the referred book: The English Atlas Volume I containing a description of the places next to the North-Pole as also of Muscovy, Poland, Sweden, Denmark.” Oxford, printed at the theater, for Moses Pitt at the Angel in St. Pauls-Church-Yard, London. MDCLXXX. 1680.
On page 68 has Moses Pitt (1680) written about Trondheim, Norway.
Truntheim. “Potanus somewhere calls this city the cabinet of all the Norwegian monuments; but Wormius found no great reason to confer to honourable a title upon it, when (after a diligent search into the antiquities, old monuments and reliques of the primitive inhabitants of this kingdom) he met with no more then three runic inscriptions in this whole diocefs”….. the text continues…. “it looks more like a village than a city , not having had any opportunity of recovering its former splendour since it was burnt down in the year 1522.”
Trondheim had been the cathedral city for Catholic church since the end of 1100's and was burnt down in the end of the 1500's. The Nordic areas had with The Kalmar Union a common king and in 1522 there was a process of religious reformatiion from the Catholic epoch to the lutheran in what is called Lutheran Reformation During the Catholic era people were allowed to expression of the old pagan relgion in the Nordic.
King Christian II (a lutheran reformist) killed people in Uppsala and in the Stockholm Bloodbath. Christian II was king before the present Nordic national state borders were defined, and the Kalmar Union included present day areas of Norway, Denmark, Sweden, parts of Western Russia, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, and the United Kingdom (Shetland and Orkney).
In a previous blog I told about Gregory Istoma and his travel in 1496 along the coast of present state of Norway. Istoma told how the Laplander people in Trondheim provided him with transport reindeers and sledges when he travelled towards Bergen which at that time was the northernmost part of Norway.
Continuing with page 68 in the English Atlas: Finnmark or Norwegian Lapland
“ Finni… mentioned by Tacitus. For the character which that historian gives us is very applicable to the modern Finmarkers. When fishing season comes in , they throng to the sea coasts; and when it is over, retire again to the uplands. Only the islanders in Heymeland keep their stations, and have their churches in Trom, Suro, Maggero, and other places. The language, manners, and habits of the people, are the same as in the Swedish Lapland; of which an account has been already given."
Moses Pitt draws an interesting parallel between the people in Finnmark (Present Norway) and the people in Swedish Lapland which might be an indication of the fact that some of the old Nordic Goths in the southern parts of the Nordic had been displaced northwards. My hypothesis is that the The ancient Nordic Goths (Gøter) people since the Nordic Roman Iron Age had inhabited the Nordic areas, and partly and gradually merged with the indigenous Laplander people. The merge was intensified with the displacement of the ancient Nordic Goths to the northern areas.
A copy of the text "The English Atlas" can be read at the National Library in Oslo, Norway(Nasjonalbiblioteket i Norge). The text about the Swedish Lapland is not included in this copy, however it is available at Oxford University in England.
The same religious reformation process continued after the crumbling of the Kalmar Union, and the disuniting resulted in two different states, Sweden and Denmark. Moses Pitt described and depicted the Nordic during the Catholic era.
Continuing with page 68 in the English Atlas:
"… a cathedral dedicated to St. Olaus. In this church the huntsmen … made a yearly offering of the skins of the largest and softest white bears, which they kill’d for the priest to toead upon at divine service.“ …….. “Groneland and Iseland were formerly parts of the diocefs of Truntheim, but now this Bishopric us not so large extent.“
On page 68 has Moses Pitt (1680) written about Trondheim, Norway.
Truntheim. “Potanus somewhere calls this city the cabinet of all the Norwegian monuments; but Wormius found no great reason to confer to honourable a title upon it, when (after a diligent search into the antiquities, old monuments and reliques of the primitive inhabitants of this kingdom) he met with no more then three runic inscriptions in this whole diocefs”….. the text continues…. “it looks more like a village than a city , not having had any opportunity of recovering its former splendour since it was burnt down in the year 1522.”
Trondheim had been the cathedral city for Catholic church since the end of 1100's and was burnt down in the end of the 1500's. The Nordic areas had with The Kalmar Union a common king and in 1522 there was a process of religious reformatiion from the Catholic epoch to the lutheran in what is called Lutheran Reformation During the Catholic era people were allowed to expression of the old pagan relgion in the Nordic.
King Christian II (a lutheran reformist) killed people in Uppsala and in the Stockholm Bloodbath. Christian II was king before the present Nordic national state borders were defined, and the Kalmar Union included present day areas of Norway, Denmark, Sweden, parts of Western Russia, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, and the United Kingdom (Shetland and Orkney).
In a previous blog I told about Gregory Istoma and his travel in 1496 along the coast of present state of Norway. Istoma told how the Laplander people in Trondheim provided him with transport reindeers and sledges when he travelled towards Bergen which at that time was the northernmost part of Norway.
Continuing with page 68 in the English Atlas: Finnmark or Norwegian Lapland
“ Finni… mentioned by Tacitus. For the character which that historian gives us is very applicable to the modern Finmarkers. When fishing season comes in , they throng to the sea coasts; and when it is over, retire again to the uplands. Only the islanders in Heymeland keep their stations, and have their churches in Trom, Suro, Maggero, and other places. The language, manners, and habits of the people, are the same as in the Swedish Lapland; of which an account has been already given."
Moses Pitt draws an interesting parallel between the people in Finnmark (Present Norway) and the people in Swedish Lapland which might be an indication of the fact that some of the old Nordic Goths in the southern parts of the Nordic had been displaced northwards. My hypothesis is that the The ancient Nordic Goths (Gøter) people since the Nordic Roman Iron Age had inhabited the Nordic areas, and partly and gradually merged with the indigenous Laplander people. The merge was intensified with the displacement of the ancient Nordic Goths to the northern areas.
A copy of the text "The English Atlas" can be read at the National Library in Oslo, Norway(Nasjonalbiblioteket i Norge). The text about the Swedish Lapland is not included in this copy, however it is available at Oxford University in England.
The same religious reformation process continued after the crumbling of the Kalmar Union, and the disuniting resulted in two different states, Sweden and Denmark. Moses Pitt described and depicted the Nordic during the Catholic era.
Continuing with page 68 in the English Atlas:
"… a cathedral dedicated to St. Olaus. In this church the huntsmen … made a yearly offering of the skins of the largest and softest white bears, which they kill’d for the priest to toead upon at divine service.“ …….. “Groneland and Iseland were formerly parts of the diocefs of Truntheim, but now this Bishopric us not so large extent.“
1 comment:
Ikke alle de gamle bildene som er å finne på Musée d'Orsay er av Samer, noen har jo på seg tradisjonele drakter fra Sør-Norge, kjenner igjen både Setesdal drakten og Hardanger bunaden.
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